Acceptance model of new energy vehicles based on PLS-SEM model.

The current energy crisis is worsening worldwide, and in China, urban expansion and per capita vehicle ownership have created a growing energy imbalance and increased pressure to reduce carbon emissions.The popularization of new energy vehicles (NEVs) can provide a step forward to solving energy shortage problems, environmental pollution, and global warming. In 2022, the average penetration rate, which is ratio of new energy vehicle sales to vehicle sales, is just 19.1 %. This paper analysed the reasons for the differences in the penetration rates of new energy vehicles in China's 269 prefecture-level cities, using a Geo Detector approach, and the results showed that the level of economic development, the average annual temperature difference, the density of charging piles, the charging price and the number of population all had significant effects(q＞0.12) on the penetration rate. Based on the above studies, a questionnaire was used to investigate the public's acceptance of new energy vehicles in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and a PLS-SEM regression analysis was conducted. The results showed that men, young people and people with a certain level of basic education were 5 % more likely to accept new energy vehicles.Unlike previous studies, perceived cost had no significant correlation with the acceptance of new energy vehicles. Perceived risk had a significant negative correlation with the acceptance of new energy vehicles,the path coefficient is -0.1.The acceptance of new energy vehicles was significantly and positively correlated with vehicle quality and service, the public's understanding of new energy vehicles, and subjective norms, their average path coefficients are above 0.1. We argues that the government should maintain a certain level of promotion of new energy vehicles and accelerate the construction of charging piles, based on the aforementioned results.

Prevalence trends of anemia impairment in adolescents and young adults with HIV/AIDS.

BACKGROUND: Anemia is a common complication of HIV/AIDS, particularly in adolescents and young adults across various countries and regions. However, little is known about the changing prevalence trends of anemia impairment in this population over time. METHODS: Data on anemia in adolescents and young adults with HIV/AIDS from 1990 to 2019 were collected from the Global Burden of Disease. Prevalence was calculated by gender, region, and country for individuals aged 10-24, and trends were measured using estimating annual percentage changes (EAPC). RESULTS: Globally, the prevalence of adolescents and young adults with HIV/AIDS increased from 103.95 per 100,000 population in 1990 to 203.78 in 2019. However, anemia impairment has decreased over the past three decades, with a global percentage decreasing from 70.6% in 1990 to 34.7% in 2019, mainly presenting as mild to moderate anemia and significantly higher in females than males. The largest decreases were observed in Central Sub-Saharan Africa, North America, and Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa, with EAPCs of -2.8, -2.34, and -2.17, respectively. Tajikistan (78.76%) and Madagascar (74.65%) had the highest anemia impairment percentage in 2019, while China (16.61%) and Iceland (13.73%) had the lowest. Anemia impairment was closely related to sociodemographic index (SDI) levels, with a high proportion of impairment in low SDI regions but a stable decreasing trend (EAPC = -0.37). CONCLUSION: Continued anemia monitoring and management are crucial for patients with HIV, especially in high-prevalence regions and among females. Public health policies and interventions can improve the quality of life and reduce morbidity and mortality.

[Research on the Evaluation Method and Application of Provincial Differentiated Carbon Peaking in China].

Promoting regions with favorable conditions to take the lead in reaching a carbon peak is an inevitable step towards achieving the dual carbon goals under the "nationwide coordinated action" plan. Considering the differences among Chinese provinces, this study measured the peaking pressure of each province based on the spatial distribution of carbon emissions. We then constructed a provincial peaking capacity evaluation system based on five dimensions, namely, peaking pressure, emission reduction status, economic development, policy support, and resource endowment, to comprehensively evaluate the carbon peaking capacity of 30 provincial administrative regions in China, excluding Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, and Tibet, using the entropy value method to determine the index weights. The 30 provinces were divided into five peaking tiers according to the evaluation results. The results showed that:① 18 regions, such as Hainan and Beijing, displayed a surplus in carbon emission space; eight regions, including Hebei and Shandong, showed a deficit in carbon emission space; and the carbon emission spaces allocated to Zhejiang, Anhui, Henan, and Hubei were comparable to their respective actual emissions. ② Developed regions generally had a higher carbon peaking capacity than that of less developed regions, with Beijing and Shanghai showing outstanding carbon peaking capacity, whereas Jiangxi and Guizhou had more room to improve their capacity. Finally, differentiated peaking targets and priority actions were proposed according to the provinces' different peaking tiers and local conditions.

Global burden of liver cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases caused by specific etiologies from 1990 to 2019.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess the global, regional, and national burden of liver cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases between 1990 and 2019, considering five etiologies (hepatitis B, hepatitis C, alcohol use, NAFLD and other causes), age, gender, and sociodemographic index (SDI). METHODS: Data on liver cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases mortality, incidence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were collected from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) Study 2019. RESULTS: In 2019, liver cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases accounted for 1,472,011 (95% UI 1,374,608-1,578,731) deaths worldwide, compared to 1,012,975 (948,941-1,073,877) deaths in 1990. Despite an increase in absolute deaths, the age-standardized death rate declined from 24.43 (22.93-25.73) per 100,000 population in 1990 to 18.00 (19.31-16.80) per 100,000 population in 2019. Eastern sub-Saharan Africa exhibited the highest age-standardized death rate (44.15 [38.47-51.91] per 100,000 population), while Australasia had the lowest rate (5.48 [5.05-5.93] deaths per 100,000 population in 2019). The age-standardized incidence rate of liver cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases attributed to hepatitis B virus has declined since 1990, but incidence rates for other etiologies have increased. Age-standardized death and DALYs rates progressively decreased with higher SDI across different GBD regions and countries. Mortality due to liver cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases increased with age in 2019, and the death rate among males was estimated 1.51 times higher than that among females globally. CONCLUSION: Liver cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases continues to pose a significant global public health challenge. Effective disease control, prevention, and treatment strategies should account for variations in risk factors, age, gender, and regional disparities.

Development of a risk assessment model for cardiac injury in patients newly diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia based on a multicenter, real-world analysis in China.

BACKGROUND: Studies have revealed that acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients are prone to combined cardiac injury. We aimed to identify hematological risk factors associated with cardiac injury in newly diagnosed AML patients before chemotherapy and develop a personalized predictive model. METHODS: The population baseline, blood test, electrocardiogram, echocardiograph, and genetic and cytogenetic data were collected from newly diagnosed AML patients. The data were subdivided into training and validation cohorts. The independent risk factors were explored by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis respectively, and data dimension reduction and variable selection were performed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression models. The nomogram was generated and the reliability and generalizability were verified by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, the area under the curve (AUC) and calibration curves in an external validation cohort. RESULTS: Finally, 499 AML patients were included. After univariate logistic regression, LASSO regression and multivariate logistic regression analysis, abnormal NT-proBNP, NPM1 mutation, WBC, and RBC were independent risk factors for cardiac injury in AML patients (all P < 0.05). The nomogram was constructed based on the above four variables with high accuracy. The area under the curve was 0.742, 0.750, and 0.706 in the training, internal validation, and external validation cohort, respectively. The calibration curve indicated that the model has good testing capability. The Kaplan-Meier curve showed that the higher the risk of combined cardiac injury in AML patients, the lower their probability of survival. CONCLUSIONS: This prediction nomogram identifies hematological risk factors associated with cardiac injury in newly diagnosed AML patients and can help hematologists identify the risk and provide precise treatment options.

Assessment and comparison of viability assays for cellular products.

BACKGROUND AIMS: Accurate assessment of cell viability is crucial in cellular product manufacturing, yet selecting the appropriate viability assay presents challenges due to various factors. This study compares and evaluates different viability assays on fresh and cryopreserved cellular products, including peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) apheresis products, purified PBMCs and cultured chimeric antigen receptor and T-cell receptor-engineered T-cell products. METHODS: Viability assays, including manual Trypan Blue exclusion, flow cytometry-based assays using 7-aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD) or propidium iodide (PI) direct staining or cell surface marker staining in conjunction with 7-AAD, Cellometer (Nexcelom Bioscience LLC, Lawrence, MA, USA) Acridine Orange/PI staining and Vi-CELL BLU Cell Viability Analyzer (Beckman Coulter, Inc, Brea, CA, USA), were evaluated. A viability standard was established using live and dead cell mixtures to assess the accuracy of these assays. Furthermore, precision assessment was conducted to determine the reproducibility of the viability assays. Additionally, the viability of individual cell populations from cryopreserved PBSC and PBMC apheresis products was examined. RESULTS: All methods provided accurate viability measurements and generated consistent and reproducible viability data. The assessed viability assays were demonstrated to be reliable alternatives when evaluating the viability of fresh cellular products. However, cryopreserved products exhibited variability among the tested assays. Additionally, analyzing the viability of each subset of the cryopreserved PBSC and PBMC apheresis products revealed that T cells and granulocytes were more susceptible to the freeze-thaw process, showing decreased viability. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates the importance of careful assay selection, validation and standardization, particularly for assessing the viability of cryopreserved products. Given the complexity of cellular products, choosing a fit-for-purpose viability assay is essential.

Burden of cardiovascular disease among elderly: based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

BACKGROUND: The burden of elderly cardiovascular disease (CVD) has received increasing attention with population ageing worldwide. AIMS: We reported on the global CVD burden in elderly individuals over 70, 1990-2019. METHODS AND RESULTS: Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, elderly CVD burden data were analysed. Temporal burden trends were analysed with the joinpoint model. The slope index and concentration index were used to evaluate health inequality. From 1990 to 2019, the global elderly CVD incidence, prevalence, death, and disability-adjusted life year rates generally decreased. However, the current burden remains high. The rapid growth in burden in parts of sub-Saharan Africa and Asia is a cause for concern. Countries with a higher socio-demographic index (SDI) have generally seen a greater decrease in burden, while countries with a lower SDI have generally experienced increases or smaller declines in burden. Health inequality analysis confirmed that the burden was gradually concentrating towards countries with a low SDI. Among the different CVDs, ischaemic heart disease causes the greatest burden in elderly individuals. Most CVD burdens increase with age, but stroke and peripheral vascular disease show markedly different distributional characteristics. In addition, the burden of hypertensive heart disease shows an unusual shift towards high-SDI countries. High systolic blood pressure was consistently the leading risk factor for CVD among elderly individuals. CONCLUSION: The burden of CVD in older people remains severe and generally tends to shift to lower-SDI countries. Policymakers need to take targeted measures to reduce its harm.

Quantitative Assessment of Myocardial Edema by MR T2 Mapping in Children With Kawasaki Disease.

BACKGROUND: Few studies assessed myocardial inflammation using Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Kawasaki disease (KD) patients. PURPOSE: To quantify myocardial edema in KD patients using T2 mapping and explore the independent predictors of T2 values. STUDY TYPE: Prospective. SUBJECTS: Ninety KD patients including 40 in acute phase (26 males, 65.0%) and 50 in chronic phase (34 males, 68.0%). Thirty-one healthy volunteers (21 males, 70.0%). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: 3.0 T T2-weighted Turbo Spin Echo-Short Time of Inversion Recovery sequence, True fast imaging with steady precession flash sequence and fast low-angle shot 3D spoiled gradient echo sequence. ASSESSMENT: T2 values were compared among KD groups and controls. STATISTICAL TEST: Student's t test and Fisher's exact test; One-way analysis of variance; Pearson correlation analysis; Receiver operating curve analysis; Multivariable linear regression. RESULTS: Global T2 value of KD patients in acute phase was the highest, followed by those of chronic-phase patients and controls (38.83 ± 2.41 msec vs. 37.55 ± 2.28 msec vs. 36.05 ± 1.64 msec). Regional T2 values showed a same trend. There were no significant differences in global and regional T2 values between KD patients with and without coronary artery (CA) dilation, no matter in acute or chronic phase (all KD patients: P = 0.51, 0.51, 0.53, 0.72; acute KD: P = 0.61, 0.37, 0.33, 0.83; chronic KD: P = 0.65, 0.79, 0.62, 0.79). No significant difference was observed in global T2 values between KD patients with Z score > 5.0 and 2.0 < Z score ≤ 5.0 (P = 0.65). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that stage of disease (ß = -0.123) and heart rate (ß = 0.280) were independently associated with global T2 values. DATA CONCLUSION: The degree of myocardial edema was more severe in acute-phase than in chronic-phase KD patients. Myocardial edema persists in patients regardless of the existence or degree of CA dilation. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.

AI approach to biventricular function assessment in cine-MRI: an ultra-small training dataset and multivendor study.

Objective. It was a great challenge to train an excellent and generalized model on an ultra-small data set composed of multi-orientation cardiac cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images. We try to develop a 3D deep learning method based on an ultra-small training data set from muti-orientation cine MRI images and assess its performance of automated biventricular structure segmentation and function assessment in multivendor.Approach. We completed the training and testing of our deep learning networks using only heart datasets of 150 cases (90 cases for training and 60 cases for testing). This datasets were obtained from three different MRI vendors and each subject included two phases of the cardiac cycle and three cine sequences. A 3D deep learning algorithm combining Transformers and U-Net was trained. The performance of the segmentation was evaluated using the Dice metric and Hausdorff distance (HD). Based on this, the manual and automatic results of cardiac function parameters were compared with Pearson correlation, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman analysis in multivendor.Main results. The results show that the average Dice of 0.92, 0.92, 0.94 and HD95 of 2.50, 1.36, 1.37 for three sequences. The automatic and manual results of seven parameters were excellently correlated with the lowestr2 value of 0.824 and the highest of 0.983. The ICC (0.908-0.989,P< 0.001) showed that the results were highly consistent. Bland-Altman with a 95% limit of agreement showed there was no significant difference except for the difference in RVESV (P= 0.005) and LVM (P< 0.001).Significance. The model had high accuracy in segmentation and excellent correlation and consistency in function assessment. It provides a fast and effective method for studying cardiac MRI and heart disease.

Analysis of coronary computed tomography angiography-derived pericoronary fat attenuation index characteristics in the diagnostic assessment of patients with Takayasu arteritis.

Background: The clinical value of pericoronary adipose tissue in assessing Takayasu arteritis (TAK) with coronary artery involvement (CAI) is yet to be determined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of pericoronary fat attenuation index (FAI) derived from coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) in patients with TAK. Methods: This is a retrospective study involving enrollment of 111 consecutive patients (mean age, 33.92±12.48 years) who were diagnosed as TAK, of which 52 patients had coronary artery involvement (TAK-CAI) and 59 patients without coronary artery involvement (TAK-nonCAI). Based on the extent of coronary artery lesion, the TAK-CAI group was further classified into localized group (n=25) and diffused group (n=27). Furthermore, patients with TAK were divided into active group (n=33) and inactive group (n=78). Meanwhile, 51 gender-matched individuals with normal appearance in coronary CTA examination were enrolled as the control group. The pericoronary FAI was quantitatively evaluated on each coronary CTA examination groups. The diagnostic value of pericoronary FAI was determined using the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic. Results: A higher pericoronary FAI was found in TAK-nonCAI group than control group with normal coronary arteries (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that the FAI is an independent risk factor for coronary involvement in TAK patients [odds ratio (OR): 1.23, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13-1.35, P<0.001]. With the best cut-off value of -86.50, the pericoronary FAI identified coronary involvement with 67.8% sensitivity and 74.5% specificity (AUC: 0.794, 95% CI: 0.713-0.875, P<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that the pericoronary FAI is an independent risk factor for determination of active TAK patients (OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.25-1.97, P<0.001). With the best cut-off value of -79.50, the pericoronary FAI identified active inflammation with 93.9% sensitivity and 74.4% specificity (AUC: 0.911, 95% CI: 0.860-0.962, P<0.001). Conclusions: Coronary CTA-derived FAI is significantly increased in patients with TAK and can be used as a reliable biomarker to distinguish TAK patients from those with normal coronary arteries, and determine the extent of TAK inflammation.

A human health risk assessment of rare earth elements through daily diet consumption from Bayan Obo Mining Area, China.

Rare earth elements (REEs) have been broad application in a range of industries, including the electronics industry, advanced materials, and medicine. However, health risks associated with REEs received increasing attention. 31 residents (16 males and 15 females) from Bayan Obo mining in Inner Mongolia, China, were enrolled in this study. In total, 677 food samples, the major human exposure matrices (drinking water and duplicate diets), and bio-samples (urine and blood) of 31 participants were obtained. The concentrations of REEs were measured to characterize their external and internal exposures, and the potential health risk of exposure to REE through the ingestion route was analyzed. The results revealed that the detection rate in blood samples (100%) is higher than in urine (32.86%), and only a few REEs were detected in water samples (8.06%), the urine concentrations were considerably lower than in blood. Exposure to REEs through drinking water was considered negligible compared to food intake. Lanthanum and cerium were the most concentrated REEs in food samples. Health risks were calculated based on a dose-response model, the total hazard quotients (THQ) values for all food groups were within normal levels, and the Monte Carlo simulation results show that the 5th, the 50th, and the 95th percentile values of HI were found as 1.45 × 10-2, 3.52 × 10-2, and 9.13 × 10-2, respectively, neither exceeds the threshold, indicating low health risks associated with food intake exposure for this area. The sensitivity results suggest that underweight people are at higher risk, cerium, lanthanum, and yttrium concentrations, and food intake contributes more to health risks. The use of probability distribution methods can improve the accuracy of the results. The cumulative health risk through food intake is negligible, and further attention should be paid to the health risk induced by other routes of exposure to REEs by the local residents.

Monte Carlo-based optimization of glioma capsule design for enhanced brachytherapy.

The use of radiotherapy in tumor treatment has become increasingly prominent and has emerged as one of the main tools for treating malignant tumors. Current radiation therapy for glioma employs 125I seeds for brachytherapy, which cannot be combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. To address this limitation, this paper proposes a dual-microcavity capsule structure that integrates radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The Monte Carlo simulation method is used to simulate the structure of the dual-microcavity capsule with a 125I liquid radioactive source. Based on the simulation results, two kinds of dual-microcavity capsule structures are optimized, and the optimized dual-microcavity capsule structure is obtained. Finally, the dosimetric parameters of the two optimized dual-microcavity capsule structures are analyzed and compared with those of other 125I seeds. The optimization tests show that the improved dual-capsule dual-microcavity structure is more effective than the single-capsule dual-microcavity structure. At an activity of 5 mCi, the average absorbed dose rate is 71.2 cGy/h in the center of the optimized dual-capsule dual-microcavity structure and 45.8 cGy/h in the center of the optimized single-capsule dual-microcavity structure. Although the radial dose function and anisotropy function exhibite variations from the data of other 125I seeds, they are generally similar. The absorbed dose rate decreases exponentially with increasing distance from the center of the capsule, which can reduce the damage to the surrounding tissues and organs while increasing the dose. The capsule structure has a better irradiation effect than conventional 125I seeds and can accomplish long-term, stable, low-dose continuous irradiation to form local high-dose radiation therapy for glioma.

New stilbene metabolites isolated from the tuber of Bletilla striata and their biological assessment.

A phytochemical investigation of the tuber of Bletilla striata afforded eight stilbene derivatives, including a new bibenzyl (1) and two new phenanthrene (2 and 3). The structures of these compounds were elucidated using a combination of spectroscopic analyses. Further, the anti-inflammatory activity of all the compounds was evaluated to assess their capability to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production by RAW 264.7 macrophages. The bioactive screening revealed that compounds 4 and 7 exhibited moderate inhibitory effects against NO production with the IC50 values 38.7 and 16.7 µM, respectively.

Relationships Among Health Insurance Literacy, Financial Toxicity, and Sociodemographic Factors in Patients With Cancer.

PURPOSE: The objective of the study was to describe the prevalence of health insurance literacy (HIL) and investigate how patient-reported outcome measures assessing HIL are related to financial toxicity in patients with cancer. METHODS: We assessed HIL and financial toxicity in 404 patients enrolled between December 2019 and January 2021 at two medical centers in the United States. We conducted exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to explore and test the relationships among the factors and items. We fit structural equation models (SEMs) to find the relationships among the factors and sociodemographic/clinical characteristics. RESULTS: The EFA revealed items loaded on four factors: knowledge about health insurance, confidence related to HIL (HIL confidence), information-seeking behavior related to health insurance, and financial toxicity. The four-factor CFA model had good fit statistics (comparative fit index, 0.960; Tucker-Lewis index, 0.958; root mean square error of approximation, 0.046; and standardized root mean square residual, 0.086). In SEM, income, education level, and race positively predicted knowledge about health insurance. Knowledge about health insurance and number of total lines of cancer treatment was positively associated with HIL confidence. Higher income, older age, and HIL confidence were associated with less financial toxicity. Higher levels of financial toxicity, HIL confidence, and knowledge were associated with greater information-seeking behavior. CONCLUSION: Our findings showed how different aspects of HIL are related to financial toxicity even after adjustment for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Future studies should investigate the longitudinal relationships among these factors to help develop interventions to mitigate financial toxicity.

Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Dermatology Research Fellowship Funding.

Dermatology is a competitive field for applicants pursuing a residency, and many applicants turn to dedicated research years to try and increase their competitiveness. Our study aimed to determine the financial costs of a research year and uncover how the costs of a research year vary for different demographic groups. We administered an anonymous survey through various dermatology listservs and social media platforms to prior, current, and future dermatology applicants who had completed a research fellowship during or after medical school. We found the median total fellowship cost ($26,443.20) was higher than the median fellowship income ($23,625.00). Furthermore, we found minority respondents had significantly lower total income, lower fellowship income, and higher net fellowship cost (p<0.05). Ninety participants completed surveys, and over half reported their research year as financially stressful. The majority did state that if given the opportunity, they would choose to do their research year again. Given the overall high costs of research years and the disparity in funding of these years, steps should be taken to address the disparities in fellowship funding or de-emphasize the importance of research fellowships in the dermatology residency selection process.

Global Burden and Its Association with Socioeconomic Development Status of Meningitis Caused by Specific Pathogens over the Past 30 years: A Population-Based Study.

BACKGROUND: Meningitis is a severe and fatal neurological disease and causes lots of disease burden. The purpose of this study was to assess the global, regional, and national burdens and trends of meningitis by age, sex, and etiology. METHODS: Data on the burden of meningitis were collected from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019. R and Joinpoint were used for statistical analysis and charting. RESULTS: In 2019, meningitis caused 236,222 deaths and 15,649,865 years of life lost (YLL) worldwide. The age-standardized death rate and age-standardized YLL rate of meningitis were 3.29 and 225, which decreased steadily. Burden change was mainly driven by epidemiological changes. Regionally, meningitis burden was the highest in Sub-Saharan Africa. Burden of disease increasingly concentrated in low sociodemographic index countries, and this was most pronounced in meningitis caused by N. meningitidis. Countries such as Mali, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, etc., especially need to enhance the rational allocation of public health resources to reduce the disease burden. Children and men were more likely to be affected by meningitis. PM2.5 was found to be an important risk factor. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first comprehensive understanding of the global disease burden of meningitis caused by specific pathogens and highlights policy priorities to protect human health worldwide, with particular attention to vulnerable regions, susceptible populations, environmental factors, and specific pathogens.

The global burden of alcoholic liver disease: a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study 2019.

Alcohol use is a major risk factor for the burden of mortality and morbidity. Alcoholic cirrhosis (AC) and alcoholic liver cancer (ALC) are most important and severe liver disease outcomes caused by alcohol use. The objectives of the current study were to investigate the global prevalence and burden of disease in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for AC and ALC, based on data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD). Incidence, prevalence, death, and DALYs for GBDs in different locations, years, sex, and age groups were estimated using DisMod-MR 2.1 and a generic Cause of Death Ensemble Modeling approach. The correlations between the age-standardized incidence rate or age-standardized death rate and gender, sociodemographic index (SDI), and alcohol usage were conducted by Generalized Linear Models. Globally, the changes of age-standardized rates of indicators were not much significant over the 30-year period. However, the changes varied widely across regions. Central Asia and East Europe contributed the highest age-standardized incidence, prevalence, death, and DALYs and increased sharply by past 30 years. Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) showed male gender as a risk factor of AC, with the relative risk of incidence of 1.521 and relative risk of death of 1.503. Globally, there were improvements in overall health with regard to GBDs over the 30 years. However, the prevention of AC and ALC should be promoted in middle and middle-high SDI regions, especially Central Asia and East Europe, whereas more medical resources should be provided to improve treatment levels in low SDI region.

Global burden of hematologic malignancies and evolution patterns over the past 30 years.

Hematologic malignancies are among the most common cancers, and understanding their incidence and death is crucial for targeting prevention, clinical practice improvement, and research resources appropriately. Here, we investigated detailed information on hematological malignancies for the period 1990-2019 from the Global Burden of Disease study. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), the age-standardized death rate (ASDR), and the corresponding estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) were calculated to assess temporal trends in 204 countries and territories over the past 30 years. Globally, incident cases of hematologic malignancies have been increasing since 1990, reaching 1343.85 thousand in 2019, but the ASDR for all types of hematologic malignancies has been declining. The ASDR for leukemia, multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and Hodgkin lymphoma were 4.26, 1.42, 3.19, and 0.34 per 100,000 population in 2019, respectively, with Hodgkin lymphoma showing the most significant decline. However, the trend varies by gender, age, region, and the country's economic situation. The burden of hematologic malignancies is generally higher in men, and this gender gap decreases after peaking at a given age. The regions with the largest increasing trend in the ASIR of leukemia, multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and Hodgkin lymphoma were Central Europe, Eastern Europe, East Asia, and Caribbean, respectively. In addition, the proportion of deaths attributed to high body-mass index continued to rise across regions, especially in regions with high socio-demographic indices (SDI). Meanwhile, the burden of leukemia from occupational exposure to benzene and formaldehyde was more widespread in areas with low SDI. Thus, hematologic malignancies remain the leading cause of the global tumor burden, with growing absolute numbers but sharp among several age-standardized measures over the past three decades. The results of the study will inform analysis of trends in the global burden of disease for specific hematologic malignancies and develop appropriate policies for these modifiable risks.

The impact of resilience on headache disability as measured by the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS).

OBJECTIVE: Our objectives were to examine cross-sectional correlations of headache disability with measures of resilience, anxiety, and depression, and to determine if resilience modified the association between headache severity/frequency and disability. BACKGROUND: Resilience is associated with quality of life and functioning among patients with chronic conditions. We investigated whether resilience strongly mitigates headache-related disability as measured by the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS). METHODS: We prospectively recruited 160 patients with primary headache disorders seen in a tertiary headache medicine program between February 20, 2018 and August 2, 2019. Each participant completed the MIDAS, Conner Davidson Resilience Scale (CDRS-25), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and WHO-5 Well-Being Index. RESULTS: The CDRS-25 score was negatively correlated with the total MIDAS (r = -0.21, p = 0.009), GAD-7 (r = -0.56, p < 0.001), and PHQ-9 scores (r = -0.34, p < 0.001). Well-being inversely correlated with disability (r = -0.37, p < 0.001). Increases in anxiety and depression increased the odds of disability. A 1 point increase in the CDRS-25 score decreased the odds of being severely disabled by 4% (OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.94 to 0.99, p = 0.001). However, the CDRS-25 score did not significantly moderate the association between headache days and disability. CONCLUSION: Traits associated with resilience decreased the odds of severe disability from headaches, whereas anxiety, depression, and headache frequency were strongly associated with higher disability from headache.