A metal-organic framework signaling probe-mediated immunosensor for the economical and rapid determination of enrofloxacin in milk.

Ensuring the safety of animal-derived foods requires the reliable and swift identification of enrofloxacin residues to monitor the presence of antibiotics. In this regard, we synthesized, tuned, and investigated the optical properties of a bimetallic metal-organic framework (Ce/Zr-UiO 66). The investigation was facilitated by employing a polydopamine-coated pipette tip with high adsorption efficiency, serving as an immunoreactive carrier. Subsequently, an immunofunctionalized variant of Ce/Zr-UiO 66, referred to as Ce/Zr-UiO 66@ Bovine serum albumin-enrofloxacin, was developed as an optical probe for the rapid and sensitive identification of enrofloxacin across a variety of samples. The method can accurately detect enrofloxacin at concentrations as low as 0.12 ng/mL, with a determination time of under 15 min; furthermore, it demonstrates exceptional efficacy when applied to food, environmental, and clinical samples. The implementation of this methodology offers a valuable means for cost-effective, rapid, and on-site enrofloxacin determination.

Assessment of Wound-Related Pain Experiences of Patients With Chronic Wounds: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study in Eastern China.

PURPOSE: The primary aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of wound-related pain (WRP) in patients with chronic wounds and assess the use of pain relief measures. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS AND SETTING: A convenience sample of patients with chronic wounds was recruited from outpatient clinics of 12 hospitals covering 7 of 13 cities in the Jiangsu province located in eastern China from July 10 to August 25, 2020. The sample comprised 451 respondents, and their mean age was 54.85 (SD 19.16) years; 56.1% (253/451) patients were male. METHODS: An investigator-designed questionnaire was used to collect pain-related information from patients. The questionnaire consisted of 4 parts: (1) basic demographic and clinical information (patient and wound characteristics); (2) wound baseline pain; (3) wound-related procedural pain and pain relief method; and (4) the effect of WRP on the patient. Pain was assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) scored from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain). Severity of pain was based on NRS scores' classification as mild (1-3), moderate (4-6), and severe (7-10). The survey was conducted from July 10 to August 25, 2020. Participants were instructed on use of the NRS and then completed the questionnaire following dressing change independently. RESULTS: The 3 most common types of chronic wounds were traumatic ulcers, surgical wounds, and venous leg ulcers. The 3 most prevalent locations were lower limbs, feet, and thorax/abdomen. Of all patients, 62.5% (282/451) and 93.8% (423/451) patients experienced wound baseline pain and wound-related procedural pain, respectively. The mean score of wound baseline pain was 3.76 (SD 1.60) indicating moderate pain. During wound management, the highest pain score was 6.45 (SD 2.75) indicating severe pain; the most severe pain scores were associated with debridement. The use of drugs to relieve wound pain was low, while the use of nondrug-based analgesia was relatively high. Because of WRP, patients with chronic wounds feared dressing changes, hesitated to move, and showed a decline in sleep quality. CONCLUSIONS: Wound baseline pain and wound-related procedural pain were very common in patients with chronic wounds. In the future, targeted intervention plans should be developed by combining drug-based and nondrug-based analgesia according to pain severity.

Combining Data from Multiple Sources to Evaluate Spatial Variations in the Economic Costs of PM2.5-Related Health Conditions in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region.

Fine particulate matter, known as PM2.5, is closely related to a range of adverse health outcomes and ultimately imposes a high economic cost on the society. While we know that the costs associated with PM2.5-related health outcomes are not uniform geographically, a few researchers have considered the geographical variations in these costs because of a lack of high-resolution data for PM2.5 and population density. Satellite remote sensing provides highly precise, high-resolution data about how PM2.5 and population density vary spatially, which can be used to support detailed health-related assessments. In this study, we used high-resolution PM2.5 concentration and population density based on remote sensing data to assess the effects of PM2.5 on human health and the related economic costs in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region in 2016 using exposure-response functions and the relationship between health and economic costs. The results showed that the PM2.5-related economic costs were unevenly distributed and as with the population density, the costs were mainly concentrated in urban areas. In 2016, the economic costs of PM2.5-related health endpoints amounted to 4.47% of the total gross domestic product in the BTH region. Of the health endpoints, the cost incurred by premature deaths accounted for more than 80% of the total economic costs associated with PM2.5. The results of this study provide new and detailed information that could be used to support the implementation of national and regional policies to reduce air pollution.