Emigration and fiscal gap in population-exporting region.

This paper analyzes how emigration impacts fiscal gap of population-exporting region in the long term. We construct a general equilibrium model of emigration and fiscal gap and make empirical verification using two-step system GMM model. Among the major lessons from this work, five general and striking results are worth highlighting: (1) the economic losses of emigration are the immediate cause of widening the fiscal gap. (2) in the short and long term, emigration can expand the fiscal revenue gap through the superimposed effect of tax rate and tax base. (3) the gap in fiscal expenditure is widened by the outflow of people in the short term. However, local governments would change the strategy to keep the spending gap from widening in the long run. (4) a positive impact of emigration on the fiscal gap. the more severe population emigration, the larger the fiscal gap. (5) when the trend of emigration becomes irreversible, the subsequent efforts of local governments to expand fiscal expenditure for attraction population would not only fail to revive the regional economy, but aggravate the expansion of fiscal gap. The contribution of research is twofold. On the one hand, it fills the theoretical gap between emigration and fiscal gap because previous studies have paid little attention to the fiscal problems of local government of population outflow. On the other hand, the selection of Northeast China that has been subject to long-term out-of-population migration is good evidence to verify this theory, which is tested very well using the 2S-GMM model. The comprehensive discussion on the relationship between emigration and fiscal gap is helpful to guide those continuous population-exporting regions that are facing a huge fiscal gap how to solve the fiscal gap and unsustainability from the perspective of fiscal revenue and expenditure.

Computer aided design of a single degree-of-freedom six-bar mechanism via Monte Carlo layered optimization method.

Planar single degree of freedom (DOF) 6-bar mechanisms, characterized by simple control and high stiffness, find extensive applications across various robotic systems. Nevertheless, the augmented quantity of design variables presents challenges in mechanism design, particularly when confronted with multiple constraints. This paper presents the implementation of computer-aided design for a single DOF 6-bar mechanism. Considering the characteristics of the 6-bar mechanism, a classified kinematics modeling method is proposed. Subsequently, a constraint index system is established, encompassing trajectory, posture, performance, and additional auxiliary variable constraints. A Monte Carlo layered optimization method is then proposed. The introduction of the constraint scaling coefficient divides the optimization process into multiple layers, wherein the constraint conditions are dynamically adjusted at each layer. The Monte Carlo method is integrated to screen initial values and determine the number of variables in each iteration, facilitating efficient optimization of the mechanism under multiple constraints. Building on this foundation, mechanism design software is developed to diminish reliance on experience. Numerous examples demonstrate the rapid acquisition of 6-bar mechanisms satisfying multiple constraints through the proposed method, showcasing exceptional computational efficiency. This study serves as a reference for different users seeking to accomplish the efficient design of 6-bar mechanisms.

Fever clinic construction and management targeted to prevention and control of healthcare-associated respiratory viral infections in Jiangsu, China: A cross-sectional observational study.

To analyze the post-COVID-19 construction and management of fever clinics targeted to prevention and control of healthcare-associated respiratory viral infections in medical institutions at all levels in China, and to provide a basis for promoting their standardized construction, we conducted this survey on the construction of fever clinics in 429 medical institutions of Jiangsu Province from July to December 2020. Contents of the questionnaire included the general situation of medical institutions, the construction status and future construction plans of fever clinics. We find the construction rate of fever clinic in medical institutions of Jiangsu province was 75.3%. All construction indicators, quality management systems and processes fail to fully meet the requirements of documents and standards. Jiangsu province actively promotes the construction of fever clinic layout, but there is still a gap with the construction standard. As a result, it is necessary to further promote standardized construction of fever clinic, and necessary financial input should be increased to expand all constructions of fever clinic in primary medical institutions.

MRI Assessment of Intrinsic Neural Timescale and Gray Matter Volume in Parkinson's Disease.

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have indicated altered temporal features of the brain function in Parkinson's disease (PD), and the autocorrelation magnitude of intrinsic neural signals, called intrinsic neural timescales, were often applied to estimate how long neural information stored in local brain areas. However, it is unclear whether PD patients at different disease stages exhibit abnormal timescales accompanied with abnormal gray matter volume (GMV). PURPOSE: To assess the intrinsic timescale and GMV in PD. STUDY TYPE: Prospective. POPULATION: 74 idiopathic PD patients (44 early stage (PD-ES) and 30 late stage (PD-LS), as determined by the Hoehn and Yahr (HY) severity classification scale), and 73 healthy controls (HC). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: 3.0 T MRI scanner; magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo and echo planar imaging sequences. ASSESSMENT: The timescales were estimated by using the autocorrelation magnitude of neural signals. Voxel-based morphometry was performed to calculate GMV in the whole brain. Severity of motor symptoms and cognitive impairments were assessed using the unified PD rating scale, the HY scale, the Montreal cognitive assessment, and the mini-mental state examination. STATISTICAL TEST: Analysis of variance; two-sample t-test; Spearman rank correlation analysis; Mann-Whitney U test; Kruskal-Wallis' H test. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The PD group had significantly abnormal intrinsic timescales in the sensorimotor, visual, and cognitive-related areas, which correlated with the symptom severity (ρ = -0.265, P = 0.022) and GMV (ρ = 0.254, P = 0.029). Compared to the HC group, the PD-ES group had significantly longer timescales in anterior cortical regions, whereas the PD-LS group had significantly shorter timescales in posterior cortical regions. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that PD patients have abnormal timescales in multisystem and distinct patterns of timescales and GMV in cerebral cortex at different disease stages. This may provide new insights for the neural substrate of PD. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 1.

Spinal posture assessment and low back pain.

Postural assessment can help doctors and therapists identify risk factors for low back pain and determine appropriate follow-up treatment. Postural alignment is not perfectly symmetrical, and small asymmetries can instead represent norms and criteria for postural evaluation. It is necessary to comprehensively observe patients' posture in all directions and analyze the factors related to posture evaluation. The results of reliability show that in general intra-rater reliability is higher than inter-rater reliability, and inclinometers are being more reliable than other instrumentations. Some common postural problems can cause lumbar discomfort, and prolonged poor posture is a potential risk factor for lumbar spine injuries. On the basis of previous studies on posture evaluation, a unified standardized method for posture evaluation must be established in future research.

Right ventricular dilatation score: a new assessment to right ventricular dilatation in adult patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot.

BACKGROUND: Patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF) experience long-term chronic pulmonary valve regurgitation resulting in right ventricular (RV) dilatation. According to current guidelines, the evaluation of patients with rTOF for RV dilatation should be based on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). However, for many asymptomatic patients, routine CMR is not practical. Our study aims to identify screening methods for CMR based on echocardiographic data, with the goal of establishing a more practical and cheap method of screening for severity of RV dilatation in patients with asymptomatic rTOF. METHODS: Thirty two rTOF patients (mean age, 21(10.5) y, 21 males) with moderate to severe pulmonary regurgitation (PR) were prospectively recruited. Each patient received CMR and echocardiogram examination within 1 month prior to operation and collected clinical data, and then received echocardiogram examination at discharge and 3-6 months post-surgery. RESULTS: RV moderate-severe dilatation was defined as right ventricular end-diastolic volume index (RVEDVI) ≥ 160 ml/m2 or right ventricular end-systolic volume index (RVESVI) ≥ 80 ml/m2 in 15 of 32 patients (RVEDVI, 202.15[171.51, 252.56] ml/m2, RVESVI, 111.99 [96.28, 171.74] ml/m2). The other 17 (RVESDI, 130.19 [117.91, 139.35] ml/m2, RVESVI = 67.91 [63.35, 73.11] ml/m2) were defined as right ventricle mild dilatation, i.e., RVEDVI < 160 ml/m2 and RVESVI < 80 ml/m2, and the two parameters were higher than normal values. Compared with the RV mild dilatation group, patients of RV moderate-severe dilatation have worse cardiac function before surgery (right ventricular ejection fraction, 38.92(9.19) % versus 48.31(5.53) %, p < 0.001; Left ventricular ejection fraction, 59.80(10.26) versus 66.41(4.15), p = 0.021). Patients with RV moderate-severe dilatation faced longer operation time and more blood transfusion during operation (operation time, 271.53(08.33) min versus 170.53(72.36) min, p < 0.01; Intraoperative blood transfusion, 200(175) ml versus 100(50) ml, p = 0.001). Postoperative RV moderate-severe dilatation patients have poor short-term prognosis, which was reflected in a longer postoperative hospital stay (6.59 [2.12] days versus 9.80 [5.10] days, p = 0.024) and a higher incidence of hypohepatia (0[0] % versus 4[26.7] %, p = 0.023). Patients with RV dilatation score > 2.35 were diagnosed with RV moderate-severe dilatation (AUC = 0,882; Sensitivity = 94.1%; Specificity = 77.3%). CONCLUSIONS: RV moderate-severe dilatation is associated with worse preoperative cardiac function and short-term prognosis after PVR in rTOF patients with moderate to severe PR. The RV dilatation score is an effective screening method. When RV dilatation score > 2.35, the patient is indicated for further CMR examination and treatment.

Feasibility of accelerated T2 mapping for the preoperative assessment of endometrial carcinoma.

Objective: The application value of T2 mapping in evaluating endometrial carcinoma (EMC) features remains unclear. The aim of the study was to determine the quantitative T2 values in EMC using a novel accelerated T2 mapping, and evaluate them for detection, classification,and grading of EMC. Materials and methods: Fifty-six patients with pathologically confirmed EMC and 17 healthy volunteers were prospectively enrolled in this study. All participants underwent pelvic magnetic resonance imaging, including DWI and accelerated T2 mapping, before treatment. The T2 and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of different pathologic EMC features were extracted and compared. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of the T2 and ADC values in distinguishing different pathological features of EMC. Results: The T2 values and ADC values were significantly lower in EMC than in normal endometrium (bothl p < 0.05). The T2 and ADC values were significantly different between endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EA) and non-EA (both p < 0.05) and EMC tumor grades (all p < 0.05) but not for EMC clinical types (both p > 0.05) and depth of myometrial invasion (both p > 0.05). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was higher for T2 values than for ADC values in predicting grade 3 EA (0.939 vs. 0.764, p = 0.048). When combined T2 and ADC values, the AUC for predicting grade 3 EA showed a significant increase to 0.947 (p = 0.03) compared with those of ADC values. The T2 and ADC values were negatively correlated with the tumor grades (r = -0.706 and r = -0.537, respectively). Conclusion: Quantitative T2 values demonstrate potential suitability in discriminating between EMC and normal endometrium, EA and non-EA, grade 3 EA and grade 1/2 EA. Combining T2 and ADC values performs better in predicting the histological grades of EA in comparison with ADC values alone.

Synthetic MRI for the quantitative and morphologic assessment of head and neck tumors: a preliminary study.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the feasibility of synthetic MRI for quantitative and morphologic assessment of head and neck tumors and compare the results with the conventional MRI approach. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 92 patients with different head and neck tumor histology who underwent conventional and synthetic MRI were retrospectively recruited. The quantitative T1, T2, proton density (PD), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of 38 benign and 54 malignant tumors were measured and compared. Diagnostic efficacy for differentiating malignant and benign tumors was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and integrated discrimination index. The image quality of conventional and synthetic T1W/T2W images on a 5-level Likert scale was also compared with Wilcoxon signed rank test. RESULTS: T1, T2 and ADC values of malignant head and neck tumors were smaller than those of benign tumors (all p < 0.05). T2 and ADC values showed better diagnostic efficacy than T1 for distinguishing malignant tumors from benign tumors (both p < 0.05). Adding the T2 value to ADC increased the area under the curve from 0.839 to 0.886, with an integrated discrimination index of 4.28% (p < 0.05). In terms of overall image quality, synthetic T2W images were comparable to conventional T2W images, while synthetic T1W images were inferior to conventional T1W images. CONCLUSIONS: Synthetic MRI can facilitate the characterization of head and neck tumors by providing quantitative relaxation parameters and synthetic T2W images. T2 values added to ADC values may further improve the differentiation of tumors.

Yield and cost of government-organized colorectal cancer screening in young high-risk population in Northeast China.

Guidelines for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening recommend screening at age 40 for high-risk population in China. However, the yield and cost of CRC screening in younger population are lacking. This analysis aimed to evaluate the yield and cost of CRC screening in high-risk 40- to 54-year-olds. Individuals aged 40-54 years who were determined to have a high risk of CRC were recruited from December 2012 to December 2019. We calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the detection rate of colorectal lesions among the three age groups and further calculated number of colonoscopies needed to screen (NNS) to detect one advanced lesion and cost of each group. The detection rates of advanced colorectal neoplasm in men aged 45-49 years (OR = 2.00, 95% CI: 0.93-4.30) and 50-54 years (OR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.04-4.62) were higher than that aged 40-44 years. The detection rates of colorectal adenoma in women aged 50-54 years was higher than that aged 40-44 years (OR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.23-2.19). Among the male screening population, NNS and cost to detect one advanced lesion in participants aged 45-49 years were similar to that aged 50-54 years, saving approximately half endoscopic resources and financial expenses compared with screening that aged 40-44 years. From the perspective of screening results and costs, it might be beneficial to delay the starting age of screening by gender. This study may provide reference for optimizing CRC screening strategies.

Parental detection of neonatal jaundice using a low-cost colour card: a multicentre prospective study.

BACKGROUND: Since most infants are usually discharged before age 48-72 hours, peak bilirubin levels will almost always occur after discharge. Parents may be the first to observe the onset of jaundice after discharge, but visual assessment is unreliable. The jaundice colour card (JCard) is a low-cost icterometer designed for the assessment of neonatal jaundice. The objective of this study was to evaluate parental use of JCard to detect jaundice in neonates. METHODS: We conducted a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study in nine sites across China. A total of 1161 newborns ≥35 weeks of gestation were enrolled in the study. Measurements of total serum bilirubin (TSB) levels were based on clinical indications. The JCard measurements by parents and paediatricians were compared with the TSB. RESULTS: JCard values of parents and paediatricians were correlated with TSB (r=0.754 and 0.788, respectively). The parents' and paediatricians' JCard values 9 had sensitivities of 95.2% vs 97.6% and specificities of 84.5% vs 71.7% for identifying neonates with TSB ≥153.9 µmol/L. The parents' and paediatricians' JCard values 15 had sensitivities of 79.9% vs 89.0% and specificities of 66.7% vs 64.9% for identifying neonates with TSB ≥256.5 µmol/L. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of parents for identifying TSB ≥119.7, ≥153.9, ≥205.2, and ≥256.5 µmol/L were 0.967, 0.960, 0.915, and 0.813, respectively, and those of paediatricians were 0.966, 0.961, 0.926 and 0.840, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.933 between parents and paediatricians. CONCLUSION: The JCard can be used to classify different levels of bilirubin, but it is less accurate with high bilirubin levels. The JCard diagnostic performance of parents was slightly lower than that of paediatricians.

T1 mapping and multimodel diffusion-weighted imaging in the assessment of cervical cancer: a preliminary study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical feasibility of T1 mapping and multimodel diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for assessing the histological type, grade, and lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) of cervical cancer. METHODS: Eighty patients with cervical cancer and 43 patients with a normal cervix underwent T1 mapping and DWI with 11 b-values (0-2000 s/mm2). Monoexponential, biexponential, and kurtosis models were fitted to calculate the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), pure molecular diffusion (D), pseudo-diffusion (D*), perfusion fraction (f), mean diffusivity (MD), and mean kurtosis (MK). Native T1 and DWI-derived parameters (ADCmean, ADCmin, Dmean, Dmin, D*, f, MDmean, MDmin, MKmean, and MKmax) were compared based on histological type, grade, and LVSI status. RESULTS: Native T1 and DWI-derived parameters differed significantly between cervical cancer and normal cervix (all p < 0.05), except D* (p = 0.637). Native T1 and MKmean varied significantly between squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (both p < 0.05). ADCmin, Dmin, and MDmin were significantly lower while MKmax was significantly higher in the high-grade SCC group than in the low-grade SCC group (all p < 0.05). LVSI-positive SCC had a significantly higher MKmean than LVSI-negative SCC (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Both T1 mapping and multimodel DWI can effectively differentiate cervical cancer from a normal cervix and cervical adenocarcinoma from SCC. Furthermore, multimodel DWI may provide quantitative metrics for non-invasively predicting histological grade and LVSI status in SCC patients. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: Combined use of T1 mapping and multimodel DWI may provide more comprehensive information for non-invasive pre-operative evaluation of cervical cancer.

Monitoring the Health of Coastal Environments in the Pacific Region-A Review.

Coastal areas provide important ecological services to populations accessing, for example, tourism services, fisheries, minerals and petroleum. Coastal zones worldwide are exposed to multiple stressors that threaten the sustainability of receiving environments. Assessing the health of these valuable ecosystems remains a top priority for environmental managers to ensure the key stressor sources are identified and their impacts minimized. The objective of this review was to provide an overview of current coastal environmental monitoring frameworks in the Asia-Pacific region. This large geographical area includes many countries with a range of climate types, population densities and land uses. Traditionally, environmental monitoring frameworks have been based on chemical criteria set against guideline threshold levels. However, regulatory organizations are increasingly promoting the incorporation of biological effects-based data in their decision-making processes. Using a range of examples drawn from across the region, we provide a synthesis of the major approaches currently being applied to examine coastal health in China, Japan, Australia and New Zealand. In addition, we discuss some of the challenges and investigate potential solutions for improving traditional lines of evidence, including the coordination of regional monitoring programs, the implementation of ecosystem-based management and the inclusion of indigenous knowledge and participatory processes in decision-making.

High time-resolution source apportionment and health risk assessment for PM2.5-bound elements at an industrial city in northwest China.

To better respond to heavy air pollution, the local government of Baoji City, a traditionally industry dominated city in northwest China, released several warning levels between December 2019 and January 2020. The system aims to provide a more efficient control of pollution sources. In this study, a high-time resolution measurement of PM2.5-bound elements was applied to capture the diurnal-scale dynamic processes associated with major pollution activities in northwest China. A series of elements were quantified and used for source apportionment using the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model. Combined with the local characteristics, nine sources were resolved with contributions in descending order: fugitive dust (36.6 %), biomass burning (20.1 %), traffic-related (10.4 %), coal combustion (10.0 %), titanium alloy smelting (7.2 %), As-related industry (6.9 %), Zn-related industry (5.6 %), molybdenum alloy smelting (2.5 %), and Cr-related industry (0.7 %). The health risk assessment indicated non-carcinogenic risks for Mn and carcinogenic risks for As and Cr in both adults and children. The cumulative non-carcinogenic risk for the elements was 3.2 times the safety threshold, while the carcinogenic risk (CR) was 6.8 and 27 times the acceptable levels for children and adults, respectively. For source-resolved risks, As- and Cr-related industry emissions showed the highest carcinogenic risk. Five of the nine resolved sources for adults have CR values 1.4 and 9.7 times the acceptable level. This study provides valuable information for developing targeted strategies to control air pollutants and protect public health.

Risk factors combine in a complex manner in assessment for macrosomia.

BACKGROUND: Macrosomia is a serious public health concern. This study aimed to examine the combined effects of various risk factors on macrosomia. METHODS: The China Labor and Delivery Survey was a multicenter cross-sectional study that included 96 hospitals. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the combined effects of the risk factors for macrosomia. The population attributable risk percentage (PAR%) was calculated for the risk factors. RESULTS: A total of 64,735 live births, including 3,739 neonates with macrosomia, were used for the analysis. The weighted prevalence of macrosomia was 5.8%. Pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity, diabetes, and gestational hypertension have a synergistic effect on increasing the rate of macrosomia in mothers aged < 36 years. The highest odds ratio (36.15, 95% CI: 34.38-38.02) was observed in female fetuses whose mothers had both gestational hypertension and diabetes. However, in mothers aged ≥ 36 years, the synergistic effect of gestational hypertension and other factors did not exist, and the risk for macrosomia was reduced by 70% in female fetuses of mothers with both gestational hypertension and overweight/obesity. Pre-pregnancy risk factors (pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and advanced maternal age) contributed the most to macrosomia (23.36% of the PAR%), and the single largest risk factor was pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity (17.43% of the PAR%). CONCLUSION: Macrosomia was related to several common, modifiable risk factors. Some factors have combined effects on macrosomia (e.g., pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and diabetes), whereas gestational hypertension varies by maternal age. Strategies based on pre-pregnancy risk factors should be given more attention to reduce the burden of macrosomia.

Does Digital Capability Promote Sustainable Development of New Ventures? The Dual Impact of Green Knowledge Creation and Green Pressure.

With the environmental problems brought about by the extensive economic development model attracting more and more global attention, sustainable development has become a hot topic in transformation and development of contemporary enterprises. In the context of the digital economy, there is a lack of conclusive evidence regarding whether and how enterprises rely on digital capabilities to improve green efficiency and achieve sustainable development, especially for new ventures. Therefore, based on the knowledge creation spiral theory, this paper examines the relationship between digital capabilities, green knowledge creation, and sustainable development of new ventures. The study tested its hypotheses on a sample of 316 Chinese new ventures. The results showed that digital capabilities can positively affect environmental, economic, and social performance of new ventures and support their sustainable development; green knowledge creation plays a mediating role in the relationship between digital capabilities and sustainable development, and green pressure positively moderates the relationship between green knowledge creation and sustainable development; furthermore, green pressure also moderates the process of digital capabilities influencing sustainable development through green knowledge creation, and that moderated mediation role is significant. According to the bootstrap mediating effect test, both the direct effect and indirect effect are significant. Overall, our research results provide important insights for new ventures to promote sustainable development through digitalization. Therefore, managers should pay more attention to digital construction in the strategic layout of new ventures, and they should advocate the concept of green knowledge so that the goal of sustainable development can be achieved with the drive for digitalization.

Assessment of lake area in response to climate change at varying elevations: A case study of Mt. Tianshan, Central Asia.

Changes in lake area (water surface area) are often considered accurate and sensitive representations of climate change. However, the role that elevation plays in this dynamic is somewhat unclear; studies remain inconclusive as to whether lake responses are consistent across elevation gradients. Here, we used Landsat and keyhole satellite images to quantify lake area changes from the 1960s to 2020 at different elevations in Central Asia's Tianshan Mountains and relate them to both climatic and anthropogenic factors. The results revealed that all low-elevation lakes showed a decreasing trend, and the total area of all monitored low-elevation lakes was reduced by 18.50 %. The total area of the mid-elevation lakes decreased by 0.16 %, while the total area of the high-elevation glacial lakes increased by 4.35 %. Lakes are recharged by a variety of influxes including glacial meltwater and precipitation. Notably, human activities (urban and agricultural water consumption) were the dominant factors in the shrinkage of low-elevation lakes. Climatic factors were the main driving factors of mid-elevation lake changes, and these lakes appeared to be more sensitive to temperature changes than lakes at other elevations. In addition, significant warming dominated area changes in high-elevation proglacial and unconnected glacial lakes. Overall, those results emphasized that when using lakes to reconstruct paleoclimates or predict lake evolution, it is necessary to consider how elevation gradients and recharge types may affect lake sensitivity to variations in climatic and anthropogenic activity.

Improving VOC control strategies in industrial parks based on emission behavior, environmental effects, and health risks: A case study through atmospheric measurement and emission inventory.

Industrial parks have a very important impact on regional economic development, but the extremely complex and relatively concentrated volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from industrial parks also result in it being difficult to control VOCs. In this study, we took a large integrated industrial park in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River as an example, conducted a 1-year monitoring campaign of ambient air VOCs, and established a speciated VOC emission inventory based on the measured chemical profiles of the key industries. The comprehensive control index (CCI) of 125 VOCs was evaluated using the entropy weighting method based on comprehensive consideration of three aspects, namely, emission behavior, environmental effects, and health risks of VOCs, to identify priority VOC species and their key sources for VOC control in industrial parks. The total estimated VOC emissions in the industrial park in 2019 were 6446.96 t. Steel production, sewage treatment, natural gas chemical industry, pharmaceuticals, and industrial boilers were the main sources of VOC emissions. In terms of VOC components, halocarbons, aromatics, and OVOCs were the largest groups of VOCs emitted from the industrial park, accounting for 73.75 % of the total VOC emissions. Using the entropy weighting method, we evaluated the index weights of five parameters: emissions, ozone formation potential, secondary organic aerosol formation potential, hazard quotient, and lifetime cancer risk. Based on the CCI, five control levels for VOC species were further established. The VOC species in Level I and Level II, which contain species such as naphthalene, 2-chlorotoluene, benzene, acrolein, and chloroform, should be considered as extremely important priority control species. These results serve as a reference for the development of precise control strategies for VOCs in industrial parks.

A study on Internet use and subjective well-being among Chinese older adults: based on CGSS (2012-2018) five-wave mixed interface survey data.

Objective: This study is designed to investigate the relationship between Internet use and subjective well-being of the older adults in China, and to analyze the mediating role of subjective social fairness in the above relationship. Methods: Based on the five-wave mixed interface survey data of China General Social Survey (CGSS) in 2012, 2013, 2015, 2017, and 2018, we select a total of 18,458 older adults aged 60 and above, and comprehensively used ordered probit regression, propensity score matching (PSM), and Karlson-Holm-Breen (KHB) mediating effect test methods. Results: The analysis results show that (1) Internet use is significantly positively correlated with the subjective well-being of the older adults, and the higher the frequency of use, the stronger the subjective well-being. (2) Place of residence, education, and regional factors moderated the effect of Internet use on subjective well-being. The subjective well-being effect of Internet use is significant among male older adults, as well as on urban, educated, or eastern older adults. (3) Subjective social fairness plays a negative mediating role in the relationship between Internet use and subjective well-being of older adults. Conclusion: The findings suggest that Internet use contributes to the improvement of subjective well-being in older adults, but attenuates this effect by reducing the subjective social fairness. Future research should further consider other factors such as the purpose, specific function, intensity of Internet use, etc., to gain a deeper understanding of how the Internet can help promote well-being.