Attitudes and perceptions toward COVID-19 virus and vaccines among a Somali population in Northern Wisconsin.

OBJECTIVES: The study's aim was to gain a qualitative understanding of vaccine beliefs and attitudes toward COVID-19 among Somali residents living in Northern Wisconsin (WI). While vaccination rates are significantly lower among Black and Hispanic populations, those with lower educational levels, and in rural areas, minimal is known about Somali population perspectives of COVID-19 vaccination rates. METHODS: Through qualitative methodology employing focus groups for data collection and the inclusion of Somali interpreters, we explored Somali community viewpoints regarding these topics. Focus group interviews were transcribed verbatim with subsequent transcripts reviewed and analyzed by the research team to identify themes. RESULTS: The overarching theme was Protecting self, others, and community. Most participants accepted vaccinations, and the COVID-19 vaccine specifically, to protect themselves, others, and their community. Factors contributing to vaccine update included trusting local messengers, including public health nurses; valuing collective memory associated with previous communicable disease outbreaks; believing religion supported vaccine protective actions; and following recommended government and media advice. CONCLUSION: Study results suggest strategies for increasing community outreach to newly resettled refugee and immigrant minority groups, establishing trust between community members, nurses, and other public health personnel, and facilitators for connecting health messaging to Somali cultural and religious beliefs to promote public health and safety.

An Innovative Community Health Nursing Virtual Reality Experience: A Mixed Methods Study.

Background: Virtual reality (VR) simulation in nursing education, especially about non-acute care including community health, is an emerging learning strategy; more research is needed about its effectiveness. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an innovative community health nursing VR simulation on prelicensure students' knowledge about social determinants of health and cultural competence, with a goal of enhancing students' preparation for practice. Methods: In a convergent mixed methods study, 100 prelicensure nursing students in a community health nursing course at a Midwestern U.S., urban, public university completed a pretest, a VR simulation, a posttest, and an evaluation. Pre- and posttests containing content questions adapted from leading community health nursing text faculty resources were used to assess learning, and the Simulation Effectiveness Tool-Modified (SET-M) was used to assess perceived effectiveness of the intervention. Results: The majority of participants' posttest scores were higher than their pretest scores. Most participants strongly agreed that the VR simulation was effective, and reported on new knowledge/skills learned, material found most helpful, and benefit to their nursing practice. Conclusions: The community health nursing VR simulation was effective at increasing participants' knowledge and their confidence in their knowledge and abilities.

Essential Nursing Actions to Reduce Inequities for Black Women in the Perinatal Period.

Perinatal nurses play a critical role in the care of, advocacy for, and research with Black women in the perinatal period. Despite awareness of inequities in the perinatal health care system that stem from racism in the United States, many nurses report feeling detached from the crisis. In this critical commentary, we provide a five-step nursing action guide to address this health disparity that is aligned with the Future of Nursing report and the American Nurses Association Code of Ethics. We recommend nursing activities in each step: understand drivers of health inequities among Black women, reflect on implicit bias, use respectful care frameworks with Black women, conduct ethical research, and advocate for change. The article includes a sharable and printable action sheet that can be used in the work environment to remind nurses of their roles in enacting change.

The perspectives of homeless people using the services of a mobile health clinic in relation to their health needs: a qualitative study on community-based outreach nursing.

Background: Significant social and health issues are associated with homelessness. Negative experiences with the healthcare system are also frequent and cause people experiencing homelessness to avoid health services. Aims: The purpose of this study was to (1) explore participants' health needs concerning outreach nursing services and (2) describe the perceptions and preferences of people who access this form of community-based intervention. Methods: We conducted a critical ethnography with semi-structured interviews of 12 people experiencing homelessness who receive the services of a nurse-led mobile clinic, and 60 hours of observation during the provision of these services. Results: Our results describe the perspectives of people experiencing homelessness in three main categories: (1) worrisome health and social needs, (2) non-use of healthcare and (3) what connects us to health services. Conclusions: Timely access to healthcare is an important issue for people experiencing homelessness. Nurse-led clinics meet needs that go far beyond health issues.

Characteristics of Public Health Registered Nurses and Advanced Practice Registered Nurses: Lessons Learned From the 2018 National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses.

OBJECTIVES: Little research has compared the demographic and practice characteristics of registered nurses (RNs) who work in public health (PH RNs) with other RNs and advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) who work in public health (PH APRNs) with other APRNs. We examined differences in characteristics between PH RNs and other RNs and between PH APRNs and other APRNs. METHODS: Using the 2018 National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses (N = 43 960), we examined demographic and practice characteristics, training needs, job satisfaction, and wages of PH RNs compared with other RNs and PH APRNs compared with other APRNs. We used independent sample t tests to determine significant differences between PH RNs and other RNs and between PH APRNs and other APRNs. RESULTS: On average, PH RNs and PH APRNs earned significantly less than other RNs ($7082 difference) and APRNs ($16 362 difference) (both P < .001). However, their job satisfaction was comparable. PH RNs and PH APRNs were also significantly more likely than other RNs and APRNs to report the need for more training in social determinants of health (20 [P < .001] and 9 [P = .04] percentage points higher, respectively), working in medically underserved communities (25 and 23 percentage points higher, respectively [P < .001 for both]), population-based health (23 and 20 percentage points higher, respectively [P < .001 for both]), and mental health (13 and 8 percentage points higher, respectively [P < .001 for both]). CONCLUSIONS: Efforts that expand public health infrastructure and workforce development must consider the value of a diverse public health nursing workforce to protect community health. Future studies should include more detailed analyses of PH RNs and PH APRNs and their roles.

Community empowerment: A concept analysis.

AIM: To report an analysis of the concept of community empowerment. DESIGN: Concept analysis. DATA SOURCES: Literature published in the CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus and Medline electronic databases from 2016 to 2022 were systematically searched from 30 July to 1 October 2022. METHOD: The amended guideline from Walker and Avant's approach (2011) to concept analysis was performed in nine stages: choosing a concept, determining the purpose of analysis, identifying definitions of the concept, defining attributes, identifying a model case, identifying antecedents, identifying consequences, defining empirical referents and applying the concept to nursing practice. RESULTS: Community empowerment is a fundamental idea in health promotion that may assist communities in defining priorities, making choices, developing strategies and executing them to improve health and minimize inequalities in health. Community empowerment is an effective tool that advanced practice nurses (APNs) may employ to eliminate health inequities and promote community health. CONCLUSION: This concept analysis is one step towards broadening nurses' understanding of one of the ideas of health promotion. Additionally, the concept of community empowerment represents an opportunity for additional research in nursing that is applicable to communities. IMPACT: Community empowerment has served as a guiding paradigm for both theory and practice in health promotion. Also, it is recognized that social, economic and environmental elements have a direct effect on health status. However, community empowerment research in advanced nursing practices is limited. This paper will guide future nursing research on community empowerment that goes beyond involvement and engagement, for this is an effective strategy APNs can use to address health disparities and improve community health.

What Are the Characteristics of the Parish Nursing Research Literature and How Can it Inform Parish Nurse Practice and Research in Canada? A Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND: Parish nursing is a specialized branch of professional nursing that promotes health and healing by integrating body, mind and spirit as a practice model. Parish nurses contribute to the Canadian nursing workforce by promoting individual and community health and acting as system navigators. Research related to parish nursing practice has not been systematically collated and evaluated. PURPOSE: This review seeks to explore, critically appraise and synthesize the parish nurse (PN) research literature for its breadth and gaps, and to provide recommendations for PN practice and research. METHODS: A scoping review was conducted using Levac and colleagues' procedures and Arksey and O'Malley's enhanced framework. The CINAHL, ProQuest and PubMed databases were comprehensively searched for original research published between 2008 and 2020. The final sample includes 43 articles. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used to critically assess literature quality. RESULTS: There is a significant gap in PN research from Canada and non-U.S. countries. Methodological quality is varied with weak overall reporting. The literature is categorized under three thematic areas: (1) practice roles of the PN, (2) role implementation, and (3) program evaluation research. Research that evaluates health promotion program interventions is prominent. CONCLUSIONS: More rigorous research methods and the use of reporting checklists are needed to support evidence-informed parish nursing practice. Building relationships among parish nurses, nursing researchers and universities could advance parish nursing research and improve evidence-based parish nursing practice. Research into the cost effectiveness, healthcare outcomes, and the economic value of PN practice is needed.

Canadian-brazilian insights for transcultural nursing: an exploration of community health nursing contexts / Perspectivas canadiense-brasileñas para la enfermería transcultural: una exploración de los contextos de enfermería en salud comunitaria / Introspecções canadenses-brasileiras para a enfermagem transcultural: uma exploração dos contextos da enfermagem de saúde comunitária

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the distinct features, incongruencies, and harmony between the features of Canadian-Brazilian community health nursing as well their practices. Method: ethnographic research conducted in primary healthcare clinics (city of João Pessoa, Brazil). Data collection unfolded from July to September 2018 and included direct, unstructured participant observation of collective social and professional-clientele interactions, with a structured personal digital log and reports of the researcher's observations, as well as social immersion in community settings. The fieldwork log was thematically analyzed to build the meaning of the comparative nursing practice. Results: analysis of observations' reports identified challenges and opportunities to promote sustainable changes and create a supportive environment. Nurses' competencies to promote health are in consonance with conceptual, political, and ethical sounding perspectives. Among the distinctive practices observed was that in Brazil, the prescribing practice has been well-established because legally the registered nurses are allowed to prescribe within the primary healthcare programs. In Canada, registered nurses have been granted authority to do so, upon receipt of specific training and under certain scope of advanced practice. Thematic analysis revealed uniqueness of the grasped information, incongruence between community health nursing practices and harmony between contextual practices of Brazil-Canada community health nursing composed the empirical evidence. Conclusions: this research uncovered the compatibility between Canadian and Brazilian practice as well as intricate features of Brazilian community health nurses. Unquestionably, the evidence sums up to the consolidation of the well-established Brazil-Canada cooperation in the field of primary health care. This evidence addresses the political perspective of cooperation for global health.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar las características distintivas, incongruencias y armonía entre las características de los enfermeros de salud comunitaria canadiense-brasileños y sus prácticas. Método: estudio etnográfico realizado en centros de atención primaria (ciudad de João Pessoa, Brasil). La recolección de datos se desarrolló de julio a septiembre de 2018 e incluyó la observación participante directa y no estructurada de las interacciones sociales colectivas y profesional-clientela, con un registro digital personal estructurado e informes de las observaciones del investigador, así como la inmersión social en entornos comunitarios. El registro de trabajo de campo se analizó temáticamente para construir el significado de la práctica de enfermería comparada. Resultados: el análisis de los informes de observaciones identificó desafíos y oportunidades para promover cambios sostenibles y crear un entorno de apoyo. Las competencias de los enfermeros para promover la salud están en consonancia con las perspectivas conceptuales, políticas y éticas. Entre las prácticas distintivas observadas, la práctica de prescripción ha sido bien establecida en Brasil porque legalmente las enfermeras están autorizadas a prescribir dentro de los programas de atención primaria de salud. En Canadá, a las enfermeras se les ha otorgado autoridad para hacerlo al recibir capacitación específica y bajo cierto alcance de práctica avanzada. El análisis temático reveló singularidad de la información captada, incongruencia entre las prácticas de enfermería en salud comunitaria y armonía entre las prácticas contextuales de enfermería en salud comunitaria Brasil-Canadá que compusieron la evidencia empírica. Conclusiones: esta investigación demostró que existe compatibilidad entre las prácticas canadiense y brasileña, así como las características de la enfermería comunitaria brasileña. Incuestionablemente, la evidencia resume la consolidación de la cooperación bien establecida entre Brasil y Canadá en el campo de la salud primaria. Esta evidencia aborda la perspectiva política de la cooperación para la salud global.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as características distintas, as incongruências e a harmonia entre as características da Enfermagem de saúde comunitária canadense e brasileira bem como suas respectivas práticas. Método: pesquisa etnográfica realizada em unidades básicas de saúde (cidade de João Pessoa, Brasil). A coleta de dados ocorreu no período de julho a setembro de 2018 e incluiu observação participante direta, não estruturada de interações sociais coletivas e entre profissionais e clientela. Houve registro digital estruturado de relatos das observações de campo pela pesquisadora, assim como imersão social em ambientes comunitários. O diário de campo foi analisado tematicamente para construir o significado da prática comparativa de Enfermagem. Resultados: a análise dos relatos das observações identificou desafios e oportunidades para promover mudanças sustentáveis e criar um ambiente de apoio. As competências dos enfermeiros para a promoção da saúde estão em consonância com perspectivas conceituais, políticas e éticas. Entre as práticas diferenciadas observadas destaca-se que, no Brasil, a prática de prescrição tem sido bem estabelecida, pois, legalmente, os enfermeiros estão autorizados a prescrever dentro dos programas de atenção primária à saúde. No Canadá, os enfermeiros receberam autorização para fazê-lo, após um treinamento específico e sob certo escopo da prática avançada. A análise temática revelou singularidades nas informações apreendidas, incongruência entre as práticas de Enfermagem de saúde comunitária Brasil-Canadá e harmonia entre tais práticas contextuais que compuseram as evidências empíricas. Conclusões: esta pesquisa revelou a compatibilidade entre a prática canadense e brasileira, assim como características próprias dos enfermeiros brasileiros nessa prática. Inquestionavelmente, as evidências resumem-se à consolidação da bem estabelecida cooperação Brasil-Canadá no campo da atenção primária à saúde. Essas evidências abordam a perspectiva política de cooperação para a saúde global.

A Care Concept of Community Health Nursing Interventions for Adults With Chronic Health Conditions in an Urban Area: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Field Trial (CoSta Study).

BACKGROUND: Implementing community health nursing programs is a new field of application in the primary health sector of Germany. Hence, there is limited evidence of effective community-based and nurse-led interventions with regard to the German health care system. International research findings are mostly not transferable. The Community Health Nursing in der Stadt (CoSta; ie, "Community Health Nursing in the City") project is the first study that examines a community health nurse-led intervention for adults with chronic health conditions. OBJECTIVE: This study protocol describes the design and methods of a randomized controlled field trial that will investigate if a community health nurse-based intervention has an impact on health-related quality of life in adults with chronic conditions. METHODS: The study was designed as a randomized controlled trial that will be conducted under real-life conditions in the field. In a 4-month period, patients with at least 1 chronic International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, diagnosis will be enrolled. Participants will be randomly allocated to an intervention group or a control group. The sample size was assumed based on an effect size of 0.50 with a significance level of .05, using a 2-sided (2-tailed), 2-sample unequal variance t test. The control group will be treated as usual. The intervention group will receive-in addition to the usual treatment-preventive home visits; consultations; and educative training, which will be offered by 2 community health nurses for up to 12 months. Both groups will be followed up at baseline, after 6 months, and after 12 months. The primary outcome measure is the mental component summary score from the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey after 12-months. Secondary patient outcomes will be included. The study received ethics approval from the Competence Health Center's institutional review board at the University of Applied Sciences Hamburg (procedure number: 2020-14). RESULTS: The CoSta project was funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research Germany (contract number: 13FH019SX8). In total, 187 participants were recruited at the beginning of August 2021. Further, 92 were excluded and 94 were randomized. Data collection will be conducted until the end of 2022. CONCLUSIONS: Our study will provide data with regard to the effectiveness of community nurse-led interventions that focus on the treatment of vulnerable adults with chronic health conditions in a community health center. In secondary analyses, the associations among influencing social factors (education, income, and employment) will be examined. We expect results that will help reduce the research-to-practice gap. TRIAL REGISTRATION: German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00026164; https://tinyurl.com/yckxc5ut. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/37965.

The nurse as peacebuilder: Intersections of health and peace.

The purpose of this review is to examine peacebuilding as a concept relevant to nursing practice. A historical view of Lilian Wald's contribution to public health nursing sets the stage for nursing's commitment to the ethics of social justice and responsibility to address the social determinants of health as root causes to health inequities. The interweaving of health and peace are highlighted through exploration of works from leading organizations in health and nursing, nationally and globally. Finally examples of current peacebuilding in public health nursing are highlighted.

Religious social capital and minority health: A concept analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Optimizing resources within environments where people live, work, and pray can aid nurses in improving public health. Religion and social capital significantly influence the health of individuals and communities, particularly among racial and ethnic minorities in the United States. A concept analysis of religious social capital was conducted to clarify how this resource is used in the context of health. DESIGN AND SAMPLE: Rodgers' evolutionary concept analysis method guided this analysis. A search of PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO, using keywords "religious social capital" and "health" yielded 152 publications. RESULTS: Antecedents were "defined religious social network," "voluntary membership," "shared values," and "trust." Attributes were "relationships (bonding bridging, and linking)," "information exchange and resource sharing," and "reciprocal participation." Consequences were "increased productivity," "increased resources," "better personal and community health," and "trust." A model case of African American women and HIV prevention was included to illustrate how religious social capital can be developed and optimized to promote health. CONCLUSION: Religious social capital is defined as increased individual and collective capabilities that result from voluntary and reciprocal participation in bonding, bridging, or linking social network relationships and activities. Religious social capital is an accessible resource that can be leveraged to improve minority health.

Factors Influencing the Practice of Healthy Living as an Integrated Indicator of the Elderly's Drinking, Smoking, and Walking Patterns: Using Korea Community Health Surveys.

In this study, the researchers investigated the factors influencing regional disparities in the practice of healthy living for the elderly in Busan and Gyeongnam. A cross-sectional study was utilized to integrate raw data from the Korea Community Health Survey (KCHS) in 2015, 2017, and 2019. The KCHS included respondents from the Busan Metropolitan and Gyeongnam regions. Based on the socioecological model, healthy living practices were selected as the dependent variable, and other factors, such as personal, interpersonal, and community factors, were selected as independent variables. Bivariate chi-square test, independent t-test, and logistic regression analyses were performed using SPSS/WIN version 26.0. According to the results, community factors were significant predictors of healthy living practices in Busan, while interpersonal factors were the predictors in the Gyeongnam region. Moreover, personal factors impacted healthy living practices but differed significantly between regions. In particular, the living environment and unmet healthcare needs were significant predictors for Busan and Gyeongnam regions, respectively, indicating the need to improve the environment and physical access to healthcare resources in the urban community. Through the results of our study, we highlight the need to implement policies and strategies tailored to personal and environmental factors to improve healthy living practices in older adults.

Validação de tecnologia educacional sobre tuberculose para adolescentes / Validación de tecnología educativa sobre tuberculosis para adolescentes / Validation of educational technology on tuberculosis for adolescents

Resumo Objetivo Validar tecnologia educacional para educação em saúde sobre tuberculose entre estudantes adolescentes. Métodos Estudo metodológico com 49 adolescentes entre 13 e 18 anos, de escolas públicas de Belém (PA), em três etapas: apreciação da tecnologia; análise dos atributos para medir o grau de representatividade e clareza e revisão segundo a compreensão dos adolescentes. Trata-se de um caça palavras, apresentado aos adolescentes, sendo solicitado que seguissem as orientações de leitura, localizassem as palavras em destaque e respondessem as perguntas utilizando os locais indicados. Foi aplicado questionário tipo Likert, para descrever a concordância entre os adolescentes em relação aos atributos: objetivo, organização, estilo da escrita, aparência e relevância da tecnologia, considerando Índice de Validade de Conteúdo com ponto de corte 0,90. O corpus textual foi processado no Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires, 0.7 alpha 2. Utilizou-se recurso gráfico da nuvem de palavras. Os dados numéricos foram sumarizados pelo Statistic Package for Social Sciences, versão 22.0 Resultados Os atributos foram avaliados satisfatoriamente, com indicativo de concordância plena variando entre 72,8% no estilo da escrita e 84,7% na relevância da tecnologia. Os índices de validade de conteúdo obtidos foram superiores a 0,90, e os textos geraram três nuvens correspondentes à definição de tuberculose, à transmissibilidade da doença e à manifestação clínica. Conclusão O jogo caça palavras mostrou-se válido para utilização como ferramenta em ações educativas sobre tuberculose junto a adolescentes, podendo contribuir para o autocuidado e a multiplicação do conhecimento em sua rede social.

Resumen Objetivo Validar tecnología educativa para la educación en salud sobre tuberculosis entre estudiantes adolescentes. Métodos Estudio metodológico con 49 adolescentes entre 13 y 18 años, de escuelas públicas de Belém (Pará), en tres etapas: apreciación de la tecnología; análisis de los atributos para medir el grado de representatividad y de claridad y revisión según la comprensión de los adolescentes. Se trata de una sopa de letras, presentada a los adolescentes, se les solicita que sigan las orientaciones de lectura, localicen las palabras en destaque y respondan a las preguntas utilizando los lugares indicados. Se aplicó cuestionario según Escala Likert, para describir el nivel de acuerdo o de desacuerdo entre los adolescentes en relación con los atributos: objetivo, organización, estilo de escritura, apariencia y relevancia de la tecnología, considerando el Índice de Validez de Contenido con punto de corte 0,90. El corpus textual fue procesado en el Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires, 0.7 alpha 2. Se utilizó el recurso gráfico de la nube de palabras. Se resumieron los datos numéricos por el Statistic Package for Social Sciences, versión 22.0 Resultados Los atributos fueron evaluados de forma satisfactoria, con indicación de nivel de acuerdo o desacuerdo pleno que varió entre 72,8 % en el estilo de la escritura y de 84,7 % en la relevancia de la tecnología. Los índices de validez de contenido obtenidos fueron superiores a 0,90 y los textos generaron tres nubes correspondientes a la definición de tuberculosis, a la transmisibilidad de la enfermedad y a la manifestación clínica. Conclusión El juego sopa de letras se mostró válido para uso como herramienta en acciones educativas sobre tuberculosis con adolescentes, que puede contribuir para el autocuidado y para la multiplicación del conocimiento en su red social.

Abstract Objective To validate an educational technology for health education on tuberculosis among adolescent students. Methods Methodological study of 49 adolescents from public schools in Belém (PA) aged between 13 and 18 years comprising three steps: technology assessment; analysis of attributes to measure the degree of representativeness and clarity; and review according to adolescents' understanding. A wordsearch was presented to adolescents, who were asked to follow the reading guidelines, locate the highlighted words and answer the questions using the indicated locations. A Likert-type questionnaire was applied to describe the agreement among adolescents in relation to the attributes: objective, organization, writing style, appearance and relevance of the technology, considering the Content Validity Index with a cutoff point of 0.90. The textual corpus was processed in the R Interface pour les Analyzes Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires, 0.7 alpha 2. A word cloud graphic resource was used. Numerical data were summarized by the Statistic Package for the Social Sciences, version 22.0. Results The attributes were satisfactorily evaluated, with an indication of full agreement ranging between 72.8% in writing style and 84.7% in the relevance of technology. The content validity indices obtained were above 0.90, and the texts generated three clouds corresponding to the definition of tuberculosis, disease transmissibility and clinical manifestation. Conclusion The wordsearch proved to be valid for use with adolescents as a tool in educational actions on tuberculosis, and can contribute to self-care and multiplication of knowledge in their social network.

O papel da enfermagem para a promoção da sustentabilidade em populações vulneráveis / The role of nursing for sustainability promotion in vulnerable populations / El papel de la enfermería para la promoción de la sostenibilidad en poblaciones vulnerables

Objetivo: Discutir o papel da enfermagem na promoção da sustentabilidade em comunidades vulneráveis. Método: Estudo reflexivo fundamentado na Teoria do Cuidado Transcultural, competências do enfermeiro e no conceito de sustentabilidade associado ao desenvolvimento de populações vulneráveis, especificamente, em comunidades quilombolas. Resultados: Enfermeiros devem estar sensíveis às diferenças culturais, inserindo-as no planejamento do cuidar, pois a interação e assimilação das ações propostas, estão relacionadas aos valores culturais dos indivíduos. Práticas de saúde desenvolvidas pela enfermagem, na perspectiva da promoção da saúde devem considerar o empoderamento das populações vulneráveis, através de ações sustentáveis, possibilitando melhorias socioeconômicas, refletindo no bem-estar ambiental e na saúde. Considerações finais: A enfermagem deve realizar o cuidado ético, considerando as particularidades culturais, proporcionando promoção da saúde através de práticas sustentáveis. (AU)

Objective: Vulnerable populations like the remaining Quilombola community need health care tailored to their demands and needs. The purpose of this study is to discuss the role of nursing in promoting sustainability in vulnerable communities. Methods: Reflective study based on the Theory of Culture Care, nursing competencies, and on the concept of sustainability. Results: Nurses must be sensitive to cultural differences inserting themselves in care planning strategies as nursing actions must consider the cultural values of individuals. Health practices developed by nurses, in the perspective of health promotion, must consider the empowerment of vulnerable populations through sustainable actions, enabling socioeconomic improvements and reflecting on environmental well-being and health. Conclusion: Nurses must perform ethical care considering cultural particularities and promoting health through sustainable practices. This reflection article presents possibilities of action in the broader view of health to vulnerable communities providing support to health professionals. (AU)

Objetivo: Discutir el papel de la enfermería en la promoción de la sostenibilidad en comunidades vulnerables. Métodos: Estudio reflexivo basado en la Teoría del Cuidado Transcultural, las competencias enfermeras y el concepto de sustentabilidad asociado al desarrollo de poblaciones vulnerables, específicamente en comunidades quilombolas. Resultados: El enfermero debe ser sensible a las diferencias culturales, insertándolas en la planificación de los cuidados, ya que la interacción y asimilación de las acciones propuestas están relacionadas con los valores culturales de los individuos. Las prácticas de salud desarrolladas por la enfermería, en la perspectiva de la promoción de la salud, deben considerar el empoderamiento de las poblaciones vulnerables, a través de acciones sostenibles, posibilitando mejoras socioeconómicas, reflexionando sobre el bienestar y la salud ambiental. Conclusión: Enfermería debe realizar un cuidado ético, considerando las particularidades culturales, brindando promoción de la salud a través de prácticas sostenibles. (AU)

Community-based short-term integrated palliative and supportive care reduces symptom distress for older people with chronic noncancer conditions compared with usual care: A randomised controlled single-blind mixed method trial.

BACKGROUND: Globally, a rising number of people live into advanced age and die with multimorbidity and frailty. Palliative care is advocated as a person-centred approach to reduce health-related suffering and promote quality of life. However, no evidence-based interventions exist to deliver community-based palliative care for this population. AIM: To evaluate the impact of the short-term integrated palliative and supportive care intervention for older people living with chronic noncancer conditions and frailty on clinical and economic outcomes and perceptions of care. DESIGN: Single-blind trial with random block assignment to usual care or the intervention and usual care. The intervention comprised integrated person-centred palliative care delivered by multidisciplinary palliative care teams working with general practitioners and community nurses. Main outcome was change in five key palliative care symptoms from baseline to 12-weeks. Data analysis used intention to treat and complete cases to examine the mean difference in change scores and effect size between the trial arms. Economic evaluation used cost-effectiveness planes and qualitative interviews explored perceptions of the intervention. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: Four National Health Service general practices in England with recruitment of patients aged ≥75 years, with moderate to severe frailty, chronic noncancer condition(s) and ≥2 symptoms or concerns, and family caregivers when available. RESULTS: 50 patients were randomly assigned to receive usual care (n = 26, mean age 86.0 years) or the intervention and usual care (n = 24, mean age 85.3 years), and 26 caregivers (control n = 16, mean age 77.0 years; intervention n = 10, mean age 77.3 years). Participants lived at home (n = 48) or care home (n = 2). Complete case analysis (n = 48) on the main outcome showed reduced symptom distress between the intervention compared with usual care (mean difference -1.20, 95% confidence interval -2.37 to -0.027) and medium effect size (omega squared = 0.071). Symptom distress reduced with decreased costs from the intervention compared with usual care, demonstrating cost-effectiveness. Patient (n = 19) and caregiver (n = 9) interviews generated themes about the intervention of 'Little things make a big difference' with optimal management of symptoms and 'Care beyond medicines' of psychosocial support to accommodate decline and maintain independence. CONCLUSIONS: This palliative and supportive care intervention is an effective and cost-effective approach to reduce symptom distress for older people severely affected by chronic noncancer conditions. It is a clinically effective way to integrate specialist palliative care with primary and community care for older people with chronic conditions. Further research is indicated to examine its implementation more widely for people at home and in care homes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Controlled-Trials.com ISRCTN 45837097 Tweetable abstract: Specialist palliative care integrated with district nurses and GPs is cost-effective to reduce symptom distress for older people severely affected by chronic conditions.

La comunidad es un referente necesario para la enfermería y principalmente para la enfermera comunitaria / The community is a necessary reference for nursing and mainly for the community nurse

Introducción: el concepto de comunidad tiene un carácter prioritario para el hacer de enfermería, entre otras razones porque este se encuentra ligado a la evolución de las sociedades y del pensamiento. El propósito del presente escrito es reflexionar sobre su importancia y significado a partir de la perspectiva histórica-evolutiva. Desarrollo: el concepto de comunidad es un referente necesario para la enfermería comunitaria y de salud pública, ya que se requiere tomar en cuenta la participación de todos los ciudadanos en la promoción, la gestión y la preservación de comunidades sanas. Ferdinand Tönnies fue pionero en el de- bate de comunidad versus sociedad, de aquí que «toda comunidad, por muy pequeña que sea, no se cierra solo a un contexto local, sino que se inscribe en otros contextos más amplios¼. De esta manera es posible comprender el comportamiento en situaciones estructuradas o no en el mundo social a través del estudio de la comunidad. En la salud comunitaria, los miembros de una comunidad adquieren su identidad personal y social al compartir creencias, valores y normas que han desarrollado. En enfermería, la comunidad es un referente necesario que reafirma su visión única de carácter holístico y operativo para proveer el cuidado de la salud. Conclusiones: el éxito del profesional de enfermería comunitaria y de todo el personal de salud depende en gran medida de la inclusión y la participación de la comunidad en la determinación de sus necesidades, en la planificación y en la evaluación de planes y programas.

Introduction: The concept of community is a priority for nur- sing, among other reasons because it is linked to the evolu- tion of societies and thought. Development: The concept of community is a necessary reference for community nursing and public health, since it is necessary to take into account the participation of all citizens in the promotion, management and preservation of heal- thy communities. Ferdinand Tönnies was a pioneer in the community versus society debate here that "every community, no matter how small, does not close only in a local context, but is inscribed in other broader contexts". In such a way that it is possible to understand behavior in structured situations or not in the social world through the study of community. In community health, the members of a community acquire their personal and social identity by sharing beliefs, values and norms that they have developed. In nursing, the community is a necessary reference that reaffirms its unique vision of a holistic and operational nature to provide health care. Conclusions: The success of the community nursing profes- sional and all health personnel depends to a great extent on the inclusion and participation of the community in determining their needs, in planning and evaluating plans and programs.

Provider perceptions of mHealth engagement for low-resourced, safety-net communities.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate nurses' and other health care professionals' (HCPs) perceptions about implementing mobile health technology (mHealth) in clinical practice to support health care delivery for low-resourced, safety-net communities. DESIGN: Qualitative exploratory study using data collected from focus group sessions. Respondents addressed four topics: (1) technology's role in health care delivery; (2) barriers to incorporating mHealth data in clinical practice; (3) need for mHealth Clinical Practice Guide (CPG); and (4) mHealth's potential to improve health care access for marginalized communities. SAMPLE: Thirty HCPs providing services to community health center patients in Washington State and Washington, DC. MEASUREMENTS: Thematic analysis of qualitative data. RESULTS: Themes included:(1) mHealth's ability to provide customized reminders and data accuracy; (2) patients' mistrust of technology; (3) the possibility of linking community resources to address the social determinants of health;(4) mHealth's potential to improve patient-provider communication. CONCLUSION: Health care professionals support incorporating mHealth inpatient care but suggest that an mHealth CPG would improve its potential for facilitating health care delivery in low-resourced communities.

Obstacles to the educational praxis of nurses in the Family Health Strategy / Obstáculos a las praxis educativas de enfermería en la Estrategia de Salud Familiar / Obstáculos para práxis educativa de enfermeiros na Estratégia Saúde da Família

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the obstacles to the educational praxis of nurses in the Family Health Strategy of the Eastern Health District, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Method: Qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive study that used the Word Café technique for data production, with 26 nurses, between June and August 2018. The data were organized in the Atlas.ti8 software, and the analysis was categorical-thematic. Results: The units of analysis "Organizational Obstacles for Educational Praxis in the Family Health Strategy" and "Operational Obstacles for Educational Praxis in the Family Health Strategy" reveal difficulties, tensions, resistances and the impossibilities to adhere to emerging models of work organization, in general, and in particular, in educational work. Conclusion: What presents itself in reality as an obstacle is, at the same time, indicative of the possibility of overcoming and potentiality for co-creation of educational work as a strategy to rescue professional motivation, and an alternative on the agenda for the permanent qualification of workers and institutions.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar los obstáculos a la praxis educativa de enfermeros en la Estrategia de Salud Familiar del Distrito de Salud del Este, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil. Método: Estudio cualitativo, exploratorio y descriptivo que utilizó la técnica de Word Café para la producción de datos, con 26 enfermeras, entre junio y agosto de 2018. Los datos se organizaron en el software Atlas.ti8 y el análisis fue categórico-temático. Resultados: Las unidades de análisis "Obstáculos organizativos para la praxis educativa en la estrategia de salud familiar" y "Obstáculos operativos para la praxis educativa en la estrategia de salud familiar" revelan dificultades, tensiones, resistencias e imposibilidades de adherirse a los modelos emergentes de organización del trabajo, en general y, en particular, el trabajo educativo. Conclusión: Lo que se presenta como un obstáculo es, al mismo tiempo, indicativo de la posibilidad de superación y potencial para la co-creación del trabajo educativo como una estrategia para rescatar la motivación profesional, y una alternativa para la calificación permanente de trabajadores e instituciones.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar os obstáculos para práxis educativa de enfermeiros na Estratégia Saúde da Família do Distrito de Saúde Leste, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil. Método: Estudo qualitativo, exploratório e descritivo. Para produção de dados utilizou a técnica Word Café com 26 enfermeiros, entre junho a agosto de 2018. Os dados obtidos foram organizados no software Atlas.ti8 e a análise foi de conteúdo categorial-temática. Resultados: As unidades de análise "Obstáculos Organizacionais para Práxis Educativa na Estratégia Saúde da Família" e "Obstáculos Operacionais para Práxis Educativa na Estratégia Saúde da Família" desvelam: dificuldades, tensões, resistências e impossibilidades de adesão a modelos emergentes da organização do trabalho, em geral, e em especial, do trabalho educativo. Conclusão: O que se apresenta como obstáculo, é, ao mesmo tempo indicativo de possibilidade de superação e potencialidade para co-criação do trabalho educativo como estratégia de resgate da motivação profissional, e alternativa de pauta na qualificação permanente dos trabalhadores e instituições.

Aplicativo móvel para a práxis educativa de enfermeiros da estratégia saúde da família: ideação e prototipagem / Aplicación móvil para la praxis educativa de enfermeros en la Estrategia de Salud Familiar: ideación y creación de protótipos / Mobile application for the educational praxis of nurses in the Family Health Strategy: ideation and prototyping

Resumo Objetivo Descrever o processo de ideação e prototipagem de um aplicativo para dispositivo móvel de apoio à práxis educativa de enfermeiros da estratégia saúde da família. Método Estudo metodológico com interface participativa e abordagem qualitativa, operacionalizado em quatro fases, segundo modelo adaptado do Design Participativo: Fase 1 - Exploração do contexto; Fase 2 - Ideação; Fase 3 - Prototipação; Fase 4 - Teste de usabilidade. Envolveu 26 enfermeiros de um distrito de saúde de Manaus, AM, Brasil. Dados coletados entre abril de 2018 e março de 2019, por meio da técnica World Café e formulário de teste de usabilidade, submetidos à análise de conteúdo categorial temática e estatística descritiva. Resultados Foi produzido o protótipo FracTeam® APS, apresentado por Wireframe para briefing do estado atual. Como tecnologia estratégica e não convencional aglutinou funcionalidades e áreas temáticas múltiplas em alinhamento com necessidades do usuário enfermeiro. Conclusão e implicações para a prática o processo possibilitou o exercício da experiência colaborativa em prol das necessidades intelectuais de educação e trabalho a partir da inteligência coletiva dos trabalhadores. A ideação e prototipagem com processos participativos repercutirão no desenvolvimento de tecnologias para a Enfermagem e saúde.

Resumen Objetivo Describir el proceso de ideación y prototipado de una aplicación para dispositivos móviles que apoye la práctica educativa de los enfermeros de la estrategia de salud familiar. Metodología Se trata de un estudio metodológico con interfaz participativa y enfoque cualitativo, operativizado en cuatro fases, según el modelo adaptado del Diseño Participativo: Fase 1 - Exploración del Contexto; Fase 2 - Ideación; Fase 3 - Prototipado; Fase 4 - Prueba de Usabilidad. Participaron 26 enfermeros de un distrito de salud de Manaos, Amazonas, Brasil. Los datos recogidos entre abril de 2018 y marzo de 2019, a través del formulario de la prueba de usabilidad y de la técnica del World Café, se sometieron a un análisis de contenido categórico temático y a otro de estadística descriptiva. Resultados El prototipo FracTeam® APS fue producido, presentado por Wireframe para una sesión informativa sobre el estado actual. Como tecnología estratégica y poco convencional, reunió múltiples funcionalidades y áreas temáticas en alineación con las necesidades del usuario de enfermería. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica El proceso posibilitó el ejercicio de la experiencia colaborativa a favor de las necesidades intelectuales de la educación y el trabajo a partir de la inteligencia colectiva de los trabajadores. La ideación y el prototipado de los procesos participativos impactará en el desarrollo de tecnologías para la práctica de la Enfermería y la salud.

Abstract Objective To describe the process of ideation and prototyping of a mobile application supporting the educational praxis of nurses from the Family Health Strategy. Method Methodological study and participatory research with a qualitative approach, conducted in four steps, according to a model adapted from Participatory Design: Step 1 - Exploration of the context; Step 2 - Ideation; Step 3 - Prototyping; Step 4 - Usability Testing. The study involved 26 nurses of a health district in Manaus, AM, Brazil. Data was collected between April 2018 and March 2019, using the World Café method and a usability test form. Data were submitted to thematic and categorical content analysis and descriptive statistics. Results The FracTeam® APS prototype was produced, presented by Wireframe for a briefing on the current status. As a strategic and unconventional technology, it brought together multiple functionalities and thematic areas in alignment with the needs of the nurse user. Conclusion and implications for practice The process enabled a collaborative experience to support the intellectual needs of education and work according to the collective intelligence of workers. Ideation and prototyping based on participatory processes will affect the development of technologies for nursing and health.

Family and community guidance in adolescence: assessment in the family health strategy / Orientação familiar e comunitária na adolescência: avaliação na estratégia da saúde da família / Orientación familiar y comunitaria en la adolescencia: evaluación en la estrategia de salud familiar

Objective: to evaluate family and community guidance in adolescence, within the scope of Primary Health Care. Method: an evaluative and descriptive study with a quantitative approach, developed through the application of the Primary Care Assessment Instrument (PCATool), with 70 professionals from the Family Health Strategy and 140 adolescents from the widerange areas. Data collection took place in Basic Health Units and in the adolescents' homes in a municipality of southern Brazil, from May to September 2019. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics using ANOVA and Tukey's test, performed using the R Studio software. Results: there was divergence in the assessment of the attributes of family and community guidance between users and responsible professionals, showing weaknesses in the communication process and in the formation of the care bond in this reality, with impacts on quality of care. Conclusion: there was a need for continued assessment of the care practice in primary health care, as well as for permanent education with a focus on increasing qualification of care for adolescents.

Objetivo: avaliar a orientação familiar e comunitária na adolescência, no âmbito da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: estudo avaliativo, descritivo e de abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvido por meio da aplicação do Instrumento de Avaliação da Atenção Primária (PCATool - Primary Care Assessment Tool), junto a 70 profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família e 140 adolescentes das áreas abrangentes. A coleta de dados ocorreu nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde e domicílios dos adolescentes de um município do Sul do Brasil, no período de maio a setembro de 2019. Analisaram-se os dados mediante estatística descritiva e inferencial por meio da ANOVA e teste de Tukey, executados no software R Studio. Resultados: revelou-se divergência na avaliação dos atributos de orientação familiar e comunitária entre os usuários e os profissionais responsáveis, denotando fragilidades no processo de comunicação e na formação do vínculo assistencial nesta realidade, com impactos na qualidade da atenção. Conclusão: evidenciou-se a necessidade de avaliação continuada da prática assistencial na atenção primária em saúde, e de educação permanente com foco na qualificação crescente do cuidado ao adolescente.

Objetivo: evaluar la orientación familiar y comunitaria en la adolescencia, en el ámbito de la Atención Primaria de la Salud. Método: estudio evaluativo, descriptivo con enfoque cuantitativo, desarrollado mediante la aplicación de la Herramienta de Evaluación de la Atención Primaria (PCATool - Primary Care Assessment Tool), junto a 70 profesionales de la Estrategia de Salud Familiar y 140 adolescentes de las áreas incluidas. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo en las Unidades Básicas de Salud y en el domicilio de los adolescentes de un municipio del sur de Brasil, de mayo a septiembre de 2019. Los datos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial mediante el ANOVA y la prueba de Tukey, ejecutados en el software R Studio. Resultados: se encontraron diferencias en la evaluación de los atributos de la orientación familiar y comunitaria entre los usuarios y los profesionales responsables, demostrando la existencia de debilidades en el proceso de comunicación y en la formación del vínculo asistencial, que impactan en la calidad de la atención. Conclusión: existe la necesidad de evaluar continuamente la práctica asistencial en la atención primaria de salud y de educar permanentemente a los profesionales para mejorar su cualificación para atender a los adolescentes.