Impact of national commissioning of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) on equity of access in England: a PrEP-to-need ratio investigation.

OBJECTIVES: HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective in preventing HIV acquisition. In England, NHS availability was limited to participants of the PrEP Impact Trial until late 2020. Some key populations at greater risk of HIV were under-represented in the trial suggesting inequities in trial PrEP access. We used the PrEP-to-need ratio (PnR; number of PrEP users divided by new HIV diagnoses) to investigate whether PrEP access improved following routine commissioning in October 2020 and identify populations most underserved by PrEP. METHODS: Aggregated numbers of people receiving ≥1 PrEP prescription and non-late new HIV diagnoses (epidemiological proxy for PrEP need) were taken from national surveillance data sets. We calculated the PnR across socio-demographics during Impact (October 2017 to February 2020; pre-COVID-19 pandemic) and post-commissioning PrEP era (2021) in England. RESULTS: PnR increased >11 fold, from 4.2 precommissioning to 48.9 in 2021, due to a fourfold reduction in non-late new HIV diagnoses and near threefold increase in PrEP users. PnR increased across genders, however, the men's PnR increased 12-fold (from 5.4 precommissioning to 63.9 postcommissioning) while the women's increased sevenfold (0.5 to 3.5). This increasing gender-based inequity was observed across age, ethnicity and region of residence: white men had the highest PnR, increasing >13 fold (7.1 to 96.0), while Black African women consistently had the lowest PnR, only increasing slightly (0.1 to 0.3) postcommissioning, suggesting they were the most underserved group. Precommissioning, the PnR was 78-fold higher among white men than Black women, increasing to 278-fold postcommissioning. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the overall increase in PrEP use, substantial PrEP Impact trial inequities widened postcommissioning in England, particularly across gender, ethnicity and region of residence. This study emphasises the need to guide HIV combination prevention based on equity metrics relative to the HIV epidemic. The PnR could support the optimisation of combination prevention to achieve zero new HIV infections in England by 2030.

Health Inequities in Cancer Incidence According to Economic Status and Regions Are Still Existed Even under Universal Health Coverage System in Korea: A Nationwide Population Based Study Using the National Health Insurance Database.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to determine the level of health equity in relation to cancer incidence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used the National Health Insurance claims data of the National Health Insurance Service between 2005 and 2022 and annual health insurance and medical aid beneficiaries between 2011 and 2021 to investigate the disparities of cancer incidence. We calculated age-sex standardized cancer incidence rates by cancer and year according to the type of insurance and the trend over time using the annual percentage change. We also compared the hospital type of the first diagnosis by cancer type and year and cancer incidence rates by cancer type and region in 2021 according to the type of insurance. RESULTS: The total cancer incidence increased from 255,971 in 2011 to 325,772 cases in 2021. The absolute difference of total cancer incidence rate between the NHI beneficiaries and the medical aid (MA) recipients increased from 510.1 cases per 100,000 population to 536.9 cases per 100,000 population. The odds ratio of total cancer incidence for the MA recipients increased from 1.79 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.77 to 1.82) to 1.90 (95% CI, 1.88 to 1.93). Disparities in access to hospitals and regional cancer incidence were profound. CONCLUSION: This study examined health inequities in relation to cancer incidence over the last decade. Cancer incidence was higher in the MA recipients, and the gap was widening. We also found that regional differences in cancer incidence still exist and are getting worse. Investigating these disparities between the NHI beneficiaries and the MA recipients is crucial for implementing of public health policies to reduce health inequities.

Income-Related Inequality Changes in Osteoarthritis First-Line Interventions: A Cohort Study.

OBJECTIVE: To examine income-related inequality changes in the outcomes of an osteoarthritis (OA) first-line intervention. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Swedish health care system. PARTICIPANTS: We included 115,403 people (age: 66.2±9.7 years; females 67.8%; N=115,403) with knee (67.8%) or hip OA (32.4%) recorded in the "Swedish Osteoarthritis Registry" (SOAR). INTERVENTIONS: Exercise and education. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Erreygers' concentration index (E) measured income-related inequalities in "Pain intensity," "Self-efficacy," "Use of NSAIDs," and "Desire for surgery" at baseline, 3-month, and 12-month follow-ups and their differences over time. E-values range from -1 to +1 if the health variables are more concentrated among people with lower or higher income. Zero represents perfect equality. We used entropy balancing to address demographic and outcome imbalances and bootstrap replications to estimate confidence intervals for E differences over time. RESULTS: Comparing baseline to 3 months, "pain" concentrated more among individuals with lower income initially (E=-0.027), intensifying at 3 months (difference with baseline: E=-0.011 [95% CI: -0.014; -0.008]). Similarly, the "Desire for surgery" concentrated more among individuals with lower income initially (E=-0.009), intensifying at 3 months (difference with baseline: E=-0.012 [-0.018; -0.005]). Conversely, "Self-efficacy" concentrated more among individuals with higher income initially (E=0.058), intensifying at 3 months (difference with baseline: E=0.008 [0.004; 0.012]). Lastly, the "Use of NSAIDs" concentrated more among individuals with higher income initially (E=0.068) but narrowed at 3 months (difference with baseline: E=-0.029 [-0.038; -0.021]). Comparing baseline with 12 months, "pain" concentrated more among individuals with lower income initially (E=-0.024), intensifying at 12 months (difference with baseline: E=-0.017 [-0.022; -0.012]). Similarly, the "Desire for surgery" concentrated more among individuals with lower income initially (E=-0.016), intensifying at 12 months (difference with baseline: E=-0.012 [-0.022; -0.002]). Conversely, "Self-efficacy" concentrated more among individuals with higher income initially (E=0.059), intensifying at 12 months (difference with baseline: E=0.016 [0.011; 0.021]). The variable 'Use of NSAIDs' was not recorded in the SOAR at 12-month follow-up. CONCLUSION: Our results highlight the increase of income-related inequalities in the SOAR over time.

Collaboration with medical colleges and public health institutions for implementation of national health programs: The way forward.

Health system strengthening is a much-needed priority to achieve the major public health goals of control, elimination, and eradication of various diseases. It depends on improving the country's ability to successfully perform essential functions while focusing on sustainability, equity, effectiveness, and efficiency. Medical colleges and public health institutions play an integral role in health system strengthening by educating and training the current and the future generations of health-care workforce with a vision to achieve the global standards in public health. This discussion focuses on the role of medical colleges and public health institutions in the success of various national health programs with a focus on challenges and improvement areas for the same.

Promoting Access to Innovative Anticancer Medicines: A Review of Drug Price and National Reimbursement Negotiation in China.

Providing universal access to high-cost medications like anticancer drugs is not an easy feat. Although basic medical insurance has covered over 95% of China's population since 2012, reimbursement for high-priced medicines is limited. In 2015, the Chinese government proposed establishing an open and transparent price negotiation mechanism for some patented and expensive drugs, where oncology was among the prioritized areas. In 2016, three drugs (gefitinib, icotinib, and tenofovir disoprox) underwent negotiation with the government, eventually reducing their prices by over 50% so that they could be prioritized during reimbursement processes. Focusing on anticancer medicines, this study comprehensively summarizes the progress in drug price and national reimbursement negotiation in China. Furthermore, we investigated the changes and development regarding negotiated anticancer medicines from quantity negotiated, classification, indication coverage, utilization, and procurement spending. Our findings could provide a reference for follow-up negotiations and reimbursement policies for high-value anticancer medications in other countries. From 2016 to 2021, 82 anticancer medicines were newly incorporated into the national reimbursement drug list (NRDL) via 6 rounds of negotiation. The majority of these were innovative pharmaceutics (ie, protein kinase inhibitors (28) and monoclonal antibodies (13)). Drug pricing and national reimbursement negotiation led to a marked decrease in prices and a sharp increase in the utilization of negotiated anticancer medicines. Following negotiations, the defined daily doses (DDDs) of innovative anticancer medicines experienced remarkable growth. Their proportion in total anticancer drugs DDDs also increased from 3.4% in 2014 to 20.9% in 2019. However, although drug prices decreased substantially after the negotiations, insurance spending still showed an upward trend owing to the significant increase in utilization. This calls for the government to carefully monitor the rational use of these expensive medicines and explore innovative payment models.

Perfil de serviços públicos que realizam avaliação do frênulo lingual em neonatos no Rio Grande do Norte / Profile of health services that assessthelingual frenulum of newborns in public and maternity hospitals of Rio Grande do Norte state / Perfil de servicios que realizanevaluación del frenillo lingual en neonatos en hospitales públicos y maternidades del estado de Rio Grande do Norte

Introdução:A anquiloglossia é caracterizada pela alteração do frênulo lingual resultando na restrição dos movimentos da língua. A avaliação do frênulo lingual em neonatos é importante para diagnosticar precocemente essa alteração. Objetivo:Traçar perfil de serviços que realizam avaliação do frênulo lingual em neonatos nos hospitais e maternidades públicas do estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Metodologia:Trata-se de um estudo observacional, descritivo e transversal, com abordagem quantitativa. Foram incluídos na pesquisa as maternidades públicas e filantrópicas do estadoque realizam procedimentos obstétricos e assistência materno-infantil. As informações acerca da avaliação do frênulo lingual em neonatos e caracterização desses serviços foram coletadas por meio de um questionário eletrônico. Os dados foram armazenados em planilhas no Excel e analisados através do programa estatístico SPSS versão 23.0, em queforam conduzidas análises das variáveis investigadas.Resultados:Participaram do estudo 23 hospitais e maternidades públicas do estado, econstatou-se que apenas 7 (30,44%) ofertam a avaliação do frênulo lingual em neonatos no próprio estabelecimento, enquantoas demais encaminham para outros serviços. O exame foi implantado nas maternidades entre os anos de 2014 e 2018. A quantidade de profissionais que realizam esta avaliação variou entre 1 e 9 por instituição, e os profissionais envolvidos foram os fonoaudiólogos e cirurgiões-dentistas. A prevalência da anquiloglossia variou de 3,7% a 14,5%. A maioria das maternidades realizam a frenotomia e o profissional que executa é o médico ou cirurgião-dentista.Conclusões:Constatou-se uma baixa oferta da avaliação do frênulo lingual em neonatos no próprio estabelecimento de nascimento. Além disso, essa oferta ainda não acontece de forma universal, principalmente no interior do estado (AU).

Introduction:Ankyloglossia is characterized by alterations in the lingual frenulum resulting in restricted tongue movements. Assessing the lingual frenulum in newborns is important for early diagnosis of this disorder. Objective:Describe the profile of health servicesthat assess the lingual frenulum of newborns in public and maternity hospitals of Rio Grande do Norte state. Methodology:This is a cross-sectional descriptive study using a quantitative approach. Included in the research were public and philanthropic maternity hospitals in statethat perform obstetric procedures and provide maternal and child care. The information about lingual frenulum assessment in newborns and characterization of these health services was collected via an electronic questionnaire. The data were stored in Excel spreadsheets and analyzed using the SPSS version 23.0 program, where analyses of the variables investigated were carried out. Results:A total of 23 public and maternity hospitalsparticipated, only 7 of which (30.44%) assessed the lingual frenulum of newborns on site, while the others referred them to other medical facilities. The examination was implemented in maternity hospitals between 2014 and 2018. The number of professionals who performed this assessment varied between 1 and 9 per institution, and included speech therapists, and dentists. The prevalence of ankyloglossia ranged from 3.7 to 14.5%. Most of the maternity hospitals performed frenotomy, where the procedure was conducted by a doctor or dentist. Conclusions:On-site lingual frenulum assessment of newborns was low in the institutions, and does not occur universally, mainly in the rural areas of the state (AU).

Introducción: La anquiloglosia se caracteriza por la alteración del frenillo lingual que resulta en la restricción de los movimientos de la lengua. La evaluación del frenillo lingual en neonatos es importante para un diagnóstico precoz de este trastorno.Objetivo: Delinear un perfil de servicios que realizanevaluación del frenillo lingual en neonatos en hospitales públicos y maternidades del estado de Rio Grande do Norte.Metodología: Se trata de un estudio observacional y transversal con enfoque cuantitativo. Se incluyeron en la investigación las maternidades públicas y filantrópicas del estadoque realizan procedimientos obstétricos y de atención materno-infantil. La información sobre la evaluación del frenillo lingual en neonatos y la caracterización de estos servicios fui recogido por medio de un cuestionario electrónico. Los datos fueron almacenados en hojas Excel y analizados utilizando el programa estadístico SPSSversión 23.0, donde se realizaron análisis de las variables investigadas. Resultados: Un total de 23 hospitales públicos y maternidades participaron del estudio, en el que se constató que solo 7 (30,44%) evalúan el frenillo lingual en neonatos en establecimiento propio, mientras los demás refieren a otros servicios. El examen se implementó en las maternidades entre 2014 y 2018. El número de profesionales que realizan esta evaluación varió entre 1 y 9 por institución, y los profesionales involucrados fueron terapeutas del habla y odontólogos. La prevalencia de anquiloglosia varió entre 3,7 y 14,5 %. La mayoría de las maternidades realizan la frenotomía y el profesional que la realiza es el médico u odontólogo. Conclusiones: Hubo una baja oferta de avaluación del frenillo lingual en neonatos en el propio establecimiento. Además, esta oferta aún no es universal, especialmente en el interior del estado (AU).

Five changes needed to Scottish cancer policy to support necessary transformation of services.

Whilst Scottish healthcare policy has not yet set a clear direction for service transformation needed in lieu of budgetary constraints, it is important that policy makers are cognisant of where policy can support healthcare professionals to overcome barriers to service development, and better meet demand. An analysis of Scottish cancer policy is presented, informed by learning gained from supporting development of cancer services as a practitioner, insights from undertaking health service research, and known barriers to service developments. This paper is structured as five recommendations to policy-makers: the need to develop a shared understanding of quality care between policy makers and healthcare professionals to guide service development in the same direction; revisiting of partnership working given developing health and social care landscape; empowerment of national and regional networks and working groups to develop and implement Gold Standard care in speciality services; sustainability in the development of cancer services; and development of guidance relating to how services should be using and developing patient capacities.

Comparison of Trends in the Incidence of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in Daily Life, Automobile Accidents, and Industrial Accidents: A National Multi-Insurance Study in Korea.

BACKGROUND: To examine the incidence of traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) from all etiologies, we measured and compared the incidence of TSCI from three national or quasi-national databases in South Korea, namely, the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS), automobile insurance (AUI), and Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance (IACI). METHODS: We reviewed patients with TSCI reported in the NHIS database between 2009 and 2018, and in the AUI and IACI databases between 2014 and 2018. TSCI patients were defined as those first admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of TSCI according to the International Classification of Diseases (10th revision) criteria. Age-adjusted incidence was calculated using direct standardization using the 2005 South Korean population or the 2000 US population as the standard population. The annual percentage changes (APC) of TSCI incidence were calculated. The Cochrane-Armitage trend test was performed according to the injured body region. RESULTS: In the NHIS database, age-adjusted TSCI incidence using the Korean standard population increased significantly from 2009 to 2018 (from 33.73 per million in 2009 to 38.14 per million in 2018, APC = 1.2%, P = 0.014). Contrarily, age-adjusted incidence in the AUI database significantly decreased from 13.88 per million in 2014 to 11.57 per million in 2018 (APC = - 5.1%, P = 0.009). In the IACI database, the age-adjusted incidence showed no significant difference, while crude incidence showed a significant increase (from 22.02 per million in 2014 to 28.92 per million in 2018, APC = 6.1%, P = 0.038). According to the age group, all the three databases showed high incidences of TSCI in those in their 60s and 70s or older. Among those in their 70s or older, the incidence of TSCI increased dramatically in the NHIS and IACI databases, while no significant trend was found in AUI database. In 2018, the number of TSCI patients was the highest among those over 70 years of age in the NHIS, whereas among those in their 50s were the highest in both AUI and IACI. The proportion of patients with cervical spinal cord injury was the most common in all these databases. CONCLUSIONS: The differences in trends in the incidence of TSCI may be due to the different etiologies and different characteristics of subjects depending on insurance type. These results imply the need for tailored medical strategies for the different injury mechanisms represented by three national insurance services in South Korea.

Desempenho da gestão organizacional dos serviços hospitalares no Brasil / Organizational management performance of hospital services in Brazil / Desempeño de la gestión organizativa de los servicios hospitalarios en Brasil

Objetivo: avaliar o Desempenho da Gestão Organizacional dos Serviços Hospitalares no Brasil. Método: estudo transversal que utilizou dados do Programa Nacional de Avaliação dos Serviços de Saúde-PNASS 2015-2016 para avaliar o Desempenho da Gestão Organizacional de 1.665 hospitais do Brasil. Foram utilizados 30 itens de verificação distribuídos em 5 critérios (Gestão de Contratos; Gestão de Pessoas; Gestão da Informação; Planejamento e Organização; e Modelo Organizacional), que compuseram um escore de avaliação. O desempenho foi avaliado segundo os indicadores: porte hospitalar; nível de complexidade; esfera administrativa; tipo de gestão; e região do país. Verificou-se associação entre Desempenho da Gestão Organizacional dos hospitais com os indicadores Taxa de Ocupação, Média de Permanência e Valor Médio da AIH. Utilizou-se Análise de Componentes Principais para verificar a relação de dependência entre as variáveis e explicar a variabilidade dos dados. Foi utilizado o modelo de regressão logística ajustado para verificar variáveis que melhor explicam o Desempenho da Gestão Organizacional. Resultados: a média de Desempenho da Gestão Organizacional dos hospitais foi 63,83. Os melhores desempenhos estão nos hospitais da região Sul, de nível de Complexidade 8, acima de 150 leitos, de Esfera Administrativa Público Federal e de Gestão Estadual. Na análise de regressão logística, o desempenho se mostrou associado com: Taxa de Ocupação (p<9.87E-09), Porte hospitalar (p<4.49E-10), gestão municipal (p<0.004), Nível Hierárquico Nível 7 (p<0.042), Nível 8 (p<0.022) região Sul (p<0.004), Sudeste (p<0.002). Conclusão: o PNASS se mostrou adequado para avaliar o desempenho da gestão dos hospitais, sendo constatada relação entre melhor desempenho e maior porte e complexidade do hospital.(AU)

Objective: to assess the organizational management performance of hospital services in Brazil. Method: a cross-sectional study that resorted to data from the 2015-2016 National Program for the Evaluation of Health Services (Programa Nacional de Avaliação dos Serviços de Saúde, PNASS) to assess the Organizational Management Performance in 1,665 Brazilian hospitals. A total of 30 verification items distributed into 5 criteria (Contract Management; People Management; Information Management; Planning and Organization; and Organizational Model) were used, which comprised an evaluation score. Performance was assessed according to the following indicators: hospital size; complexity level; administrative sphere; type of management; and region of the country. An association was verified between the hospitals' Organizational Management Performance and the Occupancy Rate, Mean Hospitalization Time and Mean HA Value indicators. Principal Components Analysis was used to verify the dependence relationship between the variables and to explain data variability. An adjusted logistic regression model was used to verify variable that best explain Organizational Management Performance. Results: the hospitals' mean Organizational Management Performance was 63.83. The best performance levels correspond to the hospitals from the South region, Complexity level 8, more than 150 beds, belonging to the Federal Public Administrative Sphere and with State Management. In the logistic regression analysis, performance proved to be associated with: Occupancy Rate (p<9.87E-09), Hospital size (p<4.49E-10), Municipal Management (p<0.004), Hierarchical Level 7 (p<0.042), Level 8 (p<0.022), South region (p<0.004), and Southeast region (p<0.002). Conclusion: the PNASS proved to be adequate to assess the hospitals' management performance, verifying a relationship between better performance and larger hospital size and higher complexity.(AU)

Objetivo: evaluar el Desempeño de la Gestión Organizativa de los Servicios Hospitalarios en Brasil. Método: estudio transversal que utilizó datos del Programa Nacional de Evaluación de Servicios de Salud-PNASS 2015-2016 para evaluar el Desempeño de la Gestión Organizativa de 1665 hospitales en Brasil. Se utilizaron 30 elementos de verificación distribuidos en 5 criterios: Gestión de Contratos, Gestión de Personas, Gestión de la Información, Planificación y Organización, Modelo Organizativo, que compusieron una puntuación de evaluación...(AU)

Characteristics of Clinics without National Health Insurance Contracts: A Nationwide Survey in Taiwan.

Based on the 1978 Alma-Ata Declaration, the key to achieving health for all is primary health care, and many countries have established various comprehensive health care systems. Because of the financial toll of a public health care system, government-sponsored public health insurance is not universally accepted. This study used Taiwan as the backdrop to understand why many health clinics have chosen not to accept the National Health Insurance (NHI), despite it covering 99.93% of the country's population. The clinics' operational details were garnered from the datasets of Taiwan's open government data platforms and checked against the list of contracting clinics within the NHI. Of 10,907 Western medicine primary care clinics in 2016, as many as 9846 (90.3%) clinics had signed contracts with the NHI. The remaining 1061 noncontracting clinics were distributed in urban (94.5%, n = 1003), suburban (4.9%, n = 52), and rural/remote areas (0.6%, n = 6). The NHI did not have contracts with 183 plastic surgery, 88 internal medicine, and 85 surgery clinics. In conclusion, nearly one-tenth of clinics practiced independently of the NHI in Taiwan. Their reasons for declining the contract and practices for delivering their services deserve further studies.

Outpatient Dental Treatment Expenditure for Patients with Oromaxillofacial Cancer: A Cohort Study in Taiwan.

The information on the outpatient expenditure of patients with oromaxillofacial cancer is minimal. This study aimed to compare the average annual expenditure on dental treatment for these patients 5 years before and 5 years after oromaxillofacial cancer diagnosis. In this study, 7731 patients who received oromaxillofacial cancer diagnosis in 2005 were selected from the Registry of Catastrophic Illness Database as the case-cohort. In the control cohort, 38,655 people without cancer were selected from the National Health Insurance Research Database, with the case-control ratio being 1:5. All participants were observed for 5 years before diagnosis and 5 years after diagnosis. The conditional logistic regression model was used to determine the odds ratios of annual expenditures incurred by participants in the case-cohort. The measurement results indicated that in the oromaxillofacial cancer cohort, the average annual dental expenditure levels at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years after diagnosis were US $97.34, US $77.23, US $109.65, US $128.43, and US $128.03 and those at these years before diagnosis were US $37.52, US $32.10, US $31.86, US $29.14, and US $29.35, respectively. In conclusion, the average annual expenditure on the dental treatment of oromaxillofacial cancer patients after five years of diagnosis was increased compared to five years before diagnosis.

Protección al adulto mayor: necesario enfoque multidimensional por profesionales de la salud en Cuba / Protection of the elderly: a necessary multidimensional approach by health professionals in Cuba

RESUMEN Introducción: los pronósticos demográficos avizoran que el envejecimiento será uno de los más serios problemas que enfrente la humanidad en este siglo: de allí la necesidad del enfoque multidimensional por los profesionales de la salud. Objetivo: analizar con fines educativos los mecanismos existentes de protección del adulto mayor para un enfoque multidimensional por los profesionales de la salud en Cuba. Métodos: se realizó una revisión de fuentes bibliográficas en SciELO, Google Académico y artículos de revistas impresas y digitales. Se seleccionaron 25 textos por su pertinencia con el estudio. Se evaluaron publicaciones en idioma español de autores cubanos y extranjeros, fundamentalmente de países iberoamericanos. El análisis se centró en libros, tesis, documentos legales y artículos publicados en los últimos 10 años, aunque también se referencian otros de más larga data, por ser clásicos en el tema. Desarrollo: Se constató la existencia de varias políticas médicas y sociales para proteger los adultos mayores e instituciones jurídicas que pueden utilizarse. Para una correcta evaluación multidimensional, los profesionales del sector cubano de la salud necesitan conocer las regulaciones jurídicas referentes a los adultos mayores y el código de familia que regula el derecho de la población de la tercera edad. Conclusiones: Cuba se ubica entre los países con un estado de envejecimiento avanzado; la respuesta estatal al crecimiento del envejecimiento poblacional se ha dirigido, fundamentalmente, a la atención médica y la protección a través de la seguridad social.

ABSTRACT Introduction: demographic forecasts predict that aging will be one of the most serious problems facing humanity in this century: hence the need for a multidimensional approach by health professionals. Objective: to analyze for educational purposes the existing protection mechanisms for the elderly for a multidimensional approach by health professionals in Cuba. Methods: a review of bibliographic sources was carried out in SciELO, Google Scholar and articles from printed and electronic magazines. 25 texts were selected for their relevance to the study. Publications in Spanish by Cuban and foreign authors, mainly from Ibero-American countries, were evaluated. The analysis focused on books, theses, legal documents and articles published in the last 10 years, although others of longer standing are also referenced, as they are classics on the subject. Development: The existence of several medical and social policies to protect older adults and legal institutions that can be used was verified. For a correct multidimensional evaluation, professionals in the Cuban health branch need to know the legal regulations regarding the elderly and the family code that regulates the right of the elderly population. Conclusions: Cuba is located among the countries with a state of advanced aging; The state response to the growth of the aging population has been directed, fundamentally, at medical care and protection through social security.

Estrategias de consolidación de vínculos en contexto de intervenciones en salud intercultural en América Latina: una revisión sistemática / Link consolidation strategies in the context of intercultural health interventions in Latin America: a systematic review / Estratégias de consolidação de vínculos no contexto das intervenções interculturais em saúde na América Latina: uma revisão sistemática

OBJETIVO: Describir las estrategias de consolidación de los vínculos en el contexto de las intervenciones de salud orientadas a la salud intercultural en América Latina. METODOLOGÍA: Revisión sistemática cualitativa, utilizando el flujograma prisma para selección de artículos. Las bases de datos revisadas fueron: SciELO, PubMed (MEDLINE), Redalyc y Scopus. Los criterios de inclusión fueron artículos originales y/o revisión, con metodología cualitativa y cuantitativa descriptiva, que no tuvieran más de 10 años desde su publicación, basados en países pertenecientes a América Latina y cuyo idioma sea español, portugués y/o inglés. La calidad metodológica se evaluó mediante la guía de lectura crítica de CASPe. Se analizaron un total de 19 estudios publicados entre el periodo 2014-2021. RESULTADOS: La consolidación de vínculos se logra a través de la participación activa de integrantes de las comunidades en el diseño de las intervenciones en salud. La preparación de los profesionales es clave, considerando el desarrollo de la competencia intercultural como una piedra angular. Adicionalmente, las políticas públicas en salud permean en la ejecución de los programas e intervenciones en salud intercultural. CONCLUSIÓN: La construcción de vínculos y de relaciones sólidas y de confianza toman tiempo, y es necesario que haya suficiente co-diseño y un proceso participativo para establecer la relación entre equipo de salud y comunidades. Es necesario reconocer el contexto epistemológico y cosmológico que impulsa la salud y el bienestar en las comunidades nativas.

OBJECTIVE: Describe the strategies for consolidating links in the context of health programs/interventions aimed at intercultural health in Latin America. METHODOLOGY: Qualitative systematic review, using the prism flowchart for article selection. The databases reviewed were: SciELO, PubMed (MEDLINE), Redalyc,andScopus.The inclusion criteria were original articles and/or reviews, with descriptive qualitative and quantitative methodology, whichwere not more than 10 years old from their publication, based on countries belonging to Latin America and whose language is Spanish, Portuguese,and/or English. The methodological quality was evaluated using the CASPe critical reading guide. A total of 19 studies published between the 2014-2021 period were analyzed. RESULTS: The consolidation of links isachieved through the active participation of community members in the design of health disturbances. The preparation of professionals is key, considering the development of intercultural competence as a cornerstone. Additionally, public health policies permeate the execution of intercultural health programs and interventions.CONCLUSIONS: Building bonds and solid, trusting relationships take time, and there needs to be sufficient co-design and a participatory process to establish the relationship between the health team and the communities. It is necessary to recognize the epistemological and cosmological context that drives health and well-being in native communities

OBJETIVO: Descrever as estratégias de consolidação de vínculos no contexto das intervenções de saúde orientado à saúde intercultural na América Latina. METODOLOGIA: Revisão sistemática qualitativa, utilizando o fluxograma prisma para seleção dos artigos. Os bancosde dados usadas são:SciELO, PubMed (MEDLINE), Redalyc eScopus. Os critérios de inclusão foram artigos originais e/ou revisões, com metodologia qualitativa e quantitativa descritiva, com até 10 anos de sua publicação, baseados em países pertencentes à América Latina e cujo idioma seja espanhol, português e/ou inglês. A qualidade metodológica foi avaliada por meio do guia de leitura crítica CASPe.Foram analisados 19 estudos publicados entre o período 2014-2021. RESULTADOS: A consolidação dos vínculos é alcançada por meio da participação ativa dos membros da comunidade no desenho das intervenções de saúde. A preparação dos profissionais é fundamental, tendo como pilar fundamental o desenvolvimento da competência intercultural. Além disso, as políticas públicas de saúde permeiam a execução de programas e intervenções de saúde intercultural. CONCLUSÃO: A construção de vínculos e relações sólidas e de confiança leva tempo, e é preciso haver co-design suficiente e um processo participativo para estabelecer a relação entre a equipe de saúde e as comunidades. É necessário reconhecer o contexto epistemológico e cosmológico que impulsiona a saúde e o bem-estar nas comunidades nativas

Monitoring of high-risk children in health services: A geospatial mixed-methods study / Acompanhamento de crianças de alto risco em serviços de saúde: estudo de método misto geoespacial / Seguimiento de niños de alto riesgo en los servicios de salud: estudio de método geoespacial mixto

Abstract Objective: to analyze adherence, non-adherence and abandonment of the monitoring of children referred to the high-risk reference centers of Rede Mãe Paranaense. Method: a parallel and convergent mixed-methods study, in which both approaches have the same weight. The study loci were two high-risk outpatient services from the South of the country. In the quantitative part, 3,107 medical charts of high-risk children were analyzed and the spatial distribution was performed. In the qualitative part, interviews were conducted with 29 health professionals, in addition to 34 family members, and content analysis was performed. Two databases were produced, which were analyzed separately and eventually integrated. Results: the rates regarding adherence to monitoring are decreasing, mainly in the municipalities that are far away from the high-risk outpatient services, and the non-adherence and abandonment rates are increasing. In the reports by the representatives and the manager, a failure was observed between the transportation offer and the active search flow of the absent patients, which contributes to the increase in the non-adherence and abandonment rates and to the consequent decrease in adherence. Conclusion: in high-risk children, adherence is decreasing and the non-adherence and abandonment rates increased.

Resumo Objetivo: analisar a adesão, não adesão e abandono do acompanhamento das crianças encaminhadas aos centros de referência de alto risco da Rede Mãe Paranaense. Método: estudo de método misto paralelo convergente, no qual ambas as abordagens possuem o mesmo peso. O cenário do estudo foram dois ambulatórios de alto risco do sul do país. Na parte quantitativa, analisou-se 3.107 prontuários de crianças de alto risco e realizou-se distribuição espacial. Na parte qualitativa, realizou-se entrevistas com 29 profissionais de saúde, além de 34 familiares e se procedeu com a análise de conteúdo. Houve a produção de dois bancos de dados analisados separadamente e com integração ao final. Resultados: as taxas de adesão ao acompanhamento estão diminuindo, principalmente nos municípios distantes dos ambulatórios de alto risco, e as taxas de não adesão e abandono estão em ascensão. Observou-se nos relatos dos representantes e do gestor, falha entre a oferta de transporte e o fluxo de busca ativa dos pacientes faltosos, o que contribui para o aumento das taxas de não adesão e abandono, e a consequente diminuição da adesão. Conclusão: a adesão das crianças de alto risco está em decréscimo ao mesmo tempo em que as taxas de não adesão e abandono aumentaram.

Resumen Objetivo: analizar la adherencia, no adherencia y el abandono del seguimiento de niños derivados a los centros de referencia de alto riesgo de la Rede Mãe Paranaense. Método: estudio del método convergente paralelo mixto, en el que ambos enfoques tienen el mismo peso. El escenario de estudio fueron dos consultorios externos de alto riesgo del sur del país. En la parte cuantitativa se analizaron 3.107 historias clínicas de niños de alto riesgo y se realizó una distribución espacial. En la parte cualitativa, se realizaron entrevistas a 29 profesionales de la salud y a 34 familiares, y se realizó el análisis de contenido. Se crearon dos bases de datos que se analizaron por separado y se integraron al final. Resultados: las tasas de adherencia al seguimiento están disminuyendo, fundamentalmente en los municipios alejados de los consultorios externos de alto riesgo, y las tasas de no adherencia y abandono van en aumento. Se observó en los relatos de los representantes y del gestor, un problema entre la oferta de transporte y el flujo de búsqueda activa de pacientes ausentes, lo que contribuye al aumento de las tasas de no adherencia y abandono, y, por ende, a la disminución de la adherencia. Conclusión: la adherencia de los niños de alto riesgo está disminuyendo y, a su vez, aumentan las tasas de no adherencia y abandono.

[National Network for Knowledge Management, Research, and Innovation in Tuberculosis in ColombiaRede Nacional de Gestão do Conhecimento, Pesquisa e Inovação em tuberculose na Colômbia]. / Red Nacional de Gestión de Conocimiento, Investigación e Innovación en Tuberculosis en Colombia.

In 2018, the Colombian Ministry of Health and Social Protection, in collaboration with the National Health Institute and the Pan American Health Organization, convened all actors associated with the National Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Program (PNPCT) and the National Science, Technology, and Innovation System to form a national network to coordinate operations research on tuberculosis (TB) in the country. Seven workshops were held and a consensus was reached to establish the National Network for Knowledge Management, Research, and Innovation in Tuberculosis in Colombia (TB Colombia Network). With more than 180 participants, a central node, and five regional nodes that bring together the country's 37 territorial entities, the TB Colombia Network conducted four days of training in operations research in 2019, defining 65 priority research topics aligned with the strategic lines in the PNPCT: prevention and comprehensive care, with a focus on people affected by TB (41 topics in three modules); and political commitment, social protection, and support systems (24 topics in four modules). The peer comparison method was used for prioritization. The TB Colombia Network remains active and contributes to knowledge management aimed at eliminating TB in Colombia. It has helped make progress in building plans and implementing local operations research projects that generate scientifically validated results to strengthen the PNPCT and improve the care of TB patients.

O Ministério da Saúde e Previdência Social da Colômbia, em cooperação com o Instituto Nacional de Saúde e a Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde (OPAS), convocou em 2018 todas as partes interessadas vinculadas ao Programa Nacional de Prevenção e Controle da Tuberculose (PNPCT) e ao Sistema Nacional de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação para formar uma rede nacional com o objetivo de coordenar a pesquisa operacional em tuberculose no país. Foram promovidos sete seminários e, deste processo, se chegou a um consenso para criar a Rede Nacional de Gestão do Conhecimento, Pesquisa e Inovação em Tuberculose na Colômbia (Rede TB Colômbia). A rede conta com mais de 180 participantes, organizados em um núcleo central e cinco núcleos regionais que congregam 37 entidades territoriais. Em 2019, a Rede TB Colômbia realizou quatro jornadas de capacitação em pesquisa operacional e definiu 65 áreas temáticas prioritárias de pesquisa harmonizadas com as linhas estratégicas estabelecidas pelo PNPCT: prevenção e atenção integral com enfoque nas pessoas com TB (41 áreas temáticas divididas em três módulos) e compromisso político, proteção social e sistemas de apoio (24 áreas temáticas divididas em quatro módulos). A priorização foi definida pelo método de comparação pareada. A Rede TB Colômbia continua ativa contribuindo para a gestão do conhecimento voltado à eliminação da tuberculose no país e possibilitando avançar na formulação de planos e execução de projetos locais de pesquisa operacional com a produção de resultados científicos validados para fortalecer o PNPCT e melhorar a atenção das pessoas com TB.

Cobertura do programa bolsa família e da atenção primária em santa catarina: análise dos indicadores de pactuação interfederativa / Cobertura del programa bolsa família y de la atención primaria en santa catarina: análisis de los indicadores pautados interfederativamente / Coverage of the bolsa família program and of primary care in santa catarina: analysis of the inter-federative agreement indicators

RESUMO Objetivo avaliar a cobertura de Atenção Primária nos municípios de Santa Catarina e o alcance do indicador de pactuação de cobertura do Programa Bolsa Família. Método ecológico, transversal, descritivo, usando análise espacial e relacionamento probabilístico, utilizando-se o cálculo do coeficiente de Spearman, com apoio do software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Realizado com os dados de 2017 e 2018 de 295 municípios de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Resultados há uma correlação direta (p<0,05) entre os indicadores de Cobertura pelas Equipes de Atenção Primária e de Estratégia de Saúde da Família ao de Cobertura pelo Programa Bolsa Família. Santa Catarina não apresentou bom desempenho no cumprimento das metas pactuadas nos anos de 2017-2018 no que tange ao indicador de Cobertura pelo Programa Bolsa Família, estando em 2017 com média de 83,4 e 85,6 em 2018. Conclusão contribui-se na compreensão da influência do Programa Bolsa Família sobre os indicadores de saúde.

RESUMEN Objetivo evaluar la cobertura de la Atención Primaria en los municipios de Santa Catarina y el alcance del indicador pautado de cobertura del Programa Bolsa Família. Método estudio ecológico, transversal y descriptivo en el que se empleó análisis espacial y relaciones probabilísticas, recurriendo al cálculo del coeficiente de Spearman, con asistencia del software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. El estudio se realizó con los datos de los años 2017 y 2018 de 295 municipios de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Resultados se registra una correlación directa (p<0,05) entre los indicadores de Cobertura de los Equipos de Atención Primaria y los de la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia con el de la Cobertura del Programa Bolsa Família. Santa Catarina no obtuvo un buen desempeño en el cumplimiento de las metas pautadas en los años 2017-2018 en lo que se refiere al indicador de la Cobertura del Programa Bolsa Família, obteniendo valores medios de 83,4 y 85,6 en 2017 y 2018, respectivamente. Conclusión el estudio contribuye a comprender la influencia del Programa Bolsa Família sobre los indicadores de salud.

ABSTRACT Objective to evaluate Primary Care coverage in the municipalities of Santa Catarina and the reach of the agreement indicator corresponding to coverage of the Bolsa Família Program. Method an ecological, cross-sectional and descriptive study, using spatial analysis and probabilistic relationships, resorting to calculation of the Spearman's coefficient with the aid of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software. It was conducted with 2017 and 2018 data from 295 municipalities of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Results there is a direct correlation (p<0.05) between the indicators corresponding to Coverage by the Primary Care and Family Health Strategy teams with that of Coverage by the Bolsa Família Program. Santa Catarina did not present good performance in the fulfillment of the goals agreed upon in 2017-2018 regarding the indicator corresponding to Coverage by the Bolsa Família Program, presenting mean values of 83.4 and 85.6 in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Conclusion the study contributed to understanding the influence of the Bolsa Família Program on the health indicators.

Cobertura do programa bolsa família e da atenção primária em santa catarina: análise dos indicadores de pactuação interfederativa / Cobertura del programa bolsa família y de la atención primaria en santa catarina: análisis de los indicadores pautados interfederativamente / Coverage of the bolsa família program and of primary care in santa catarina: analysis of the inter-federative agreement indicators

RESUMO Objetivo avaliar a cobertura de Atenção Primária nos municípios de Santa Catarina e o alcance do indicador de pactuação de cobertura do Programa Bolsa Família. Método ecológico, transversal, descritivo, usando análise espacial e relacionamento probabilístico, utilizando-se o cálculo do coeficiente de Spearman, com apoio do software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Realizado com os dados de 2017 e 2018 de 295 municípios de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Resultados há uma correlação direta (p<0,05) entre os indicadores de Cobertura pelas Equipes de Atenção Primária e de Estratégia de Saúde da Família ao de Cobertura pelo Programa Bolsa Família. Santa Catarina não apresentou bom desempenho no cumprimento das metas pactuadas nos anos de 2017-2018 no que tange ao indicador de Cobertura pelo Programa Bolsa Família, estando em 2017 com média de 83,4 e 85,6 em 2018. Conclusão contribui-se na compreensão da influência do Programa Bolsa Família sobre os indicadores de saúde.

RESUMEN Objetivo evaluar la cobertura de la Atención Primaria en los municipios de Santa Catarina y el alcance del indicador pautado de cobertura del Programa Bolsa Família. Método estudio ecológico, transversal y descriptivo en el que se empleó análisis espacial y relaciones probabilísticas, recurriendo al cálculo del coeficiente de Spearman, con asistencia del software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. El estudio se realizó con los datos de los años 2017 y 2018 de 295 municipios de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Resultados se registra una correlación directa (p<0,05) entre los indicadores de Cobertura de los Equipos de Atención Primaria y los de la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia con el de la Cobertura del Programa Bolsa Família. Santa Catarina no obtuvo un buen desempeño en el cumplimiento de las metas pautadas en los años 2017-2018 en lo que se refiere al indicador de la Cobertura del Programa Bolsa Família, obteniendo valores medios de 83,4 y 85,6 en 2017 y 2018, respectivamente. Conclusión el estudio contribuye a comprender la influencia del Programa Bolsa Família sobre los indicadores de salud.

ABSTRACT Objective to evaluate Primary Care coverage in the municipalities of Santa Catarina and the reach of the agreement indicator corresponding to coverage of the Bolsa Família Program. Method an ecological, cross-sectional and descriptive study, using spatial analysis and probabilistic relationships, resorting to calculation of the Spearman's coefficient with the aid of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software. It was conducted with 2017 and 2018 data from 295 municipalities of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Results there is a direct correlation (p<0.05) between the indicators corresponding to Coverage by the Primary Care and Family Health Strategy teams with that of Coverage by the Bolsa Família Program. Santa Catarina did not present good performance in the fulfillment of the goals agreed upon in 2017-2018 regarding the indicator corresponding to Coverage by the Bolsa Família Program, presenting mean values of 83.4 and 85.6 in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Conclusion the study contributed to understanding the influence of the Bolsa Família Program on the health indicators.

Red Nacional de Gestión de Conocimiento, Investigación e Innovación en Tuberculosis en Colombia / National Network for Knowledge Management, Research, and Innovation in Tuberculosis in Colombia / Rede Nacional de Gestão do Conhecimento, Pesquisa e Inovação em tuberculose na Colômbia

RESUMEN El Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social de Colombia, en colaboración con el Instituto Nacional de Salud y la Organización Panamericana de la Salud, convocaron en 2018 a todos los actores asociados al Programa Nacional de Prevención y Control de la Tuberculosis (PNPCT) y el Sistema Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación a la conformación de una red nacional que coordinara la investigación operativa (IO) relacionada con la tuberculosis (TB) en el país. Se realizaron siete talleres en los que se llegó al consenso de establecer la Red Nacional de Gestión de Conocimiento, Investigación e Innovación en Tuberculosis en Colombia (Red TB Colombia). Con más de 180 participantes, organizados en un nodo central y cinco nodos regionales que agrupan a las 37 entidades territoriales, en 2019 la Red TB Colombia realizó cuatro jornadas de capacitación en IO y definió 65 temas priorizados de investigación, ajustados a las líneas estratégicas establecidas por el PNPCT: prevención y atención integral, con foco en los afectados por la TB (41 temas en tres módulos) y compromiso político, protección social y sistemas de apoyo (24 temas en cuatro módulos). La priorización se realizó por el método de comparación por pares. La Red TB Colombia sigue activa y contribuye a la gestión del conocimiento dirigido a eliminar la TB en el país y ha permitido avanzar en la construcción de planes y la ejecución de proyectos locales de IO que generan resultados científicamente validados para fortalecer el PNPCT y mejorar la atención de los pacientes con TB.

ABSTRACT In 2018, the Colombian Ministry of Health and Social Protection, in collaboration with the National Health Institute and the Pan American Health Organization, convened all actors associated with the National Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Program (PNPCT) and the National Science, Technology, and Innovation System to form a national network to coordinate operations research on tuberculosis (TB) in the country. Seven workshops were held and a consensus was reached to establish the National Network for Knowledge Management, Research, and Innovation in Tuberculosis in Colombia (TB Colombia Network). With more than 180 participants, a central node, and five regional nodes that bring together the country's 37 territorial entities, the TB Colombia Network conducted four days of training in operations research in 2019, defining 65 priority research topics aligned with the strategic lines in the PNPCT: prevention and comprehensive care, with a focus on people affected by TB (41 topics in three modules); and political commitment, social protection, and support systems (24 topics in four modules). The peer comparison method was used for prioritization. The TB Colombia Network remains active and contributes to knowledge management aimed at eliminating TB in Colombia. It has helped make progress in building plans and implementing local operations research projects that generate scientifically validated results to strengthen the PNPCT and improve the care of TB patients.

RESUMO O Ministério da Saúde e Previdência Social da Colômbia, em cooperação com o Instituto Nacional de Saúde e a Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde (OPAS), convocou em 2018 todas as partes interessadas vinculadas ao Programa Nacional de Prevenção e Controle da Tuberculose (PNPCT) e ao Sistema Nacional de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação para formar uma rede nacional com o objetivo de coordenar a pesquisa operacional em tuberculose no país. Foram promovidos sete seminários e, deste processo, se chegou a um consenso para criar a Rede Nacional de Gestão do Conhecimento, Pesquisa e Inovação em Tuberculose na Colômbia (Rede TB Colômbia). A rede conta com mais de 180 participantes, organizados em um núcleo central e cinco núcleos regionais que congregam 37 entidades territoriais. Em 2019, a Rede TB Colômbia realizou quatro jornadas de capacitação em pesquisa operacional e definiu 65 áreas temáticas prioritárias de pesquisa harmonizadas com as linhas estratégicas estabelecidas pelo PNPCT: prevenção e atenção integral com enfoque nas pessoas com TB (41 áreas temáticas divididas em três módulos) e compromisso político, proteção social e sistemas de apoio (24 áreas temáticas divididas em quatro módulos). A priorização foi definida pelo método de comparação pareada. A Rede TB Colômbia continua ativa contribuindo para a gestão do conhecimento voltado à eliminação da tuberculose no país e possibilitando avançar na formulação de planos e execução de projetos locais de pesquisa operacional com a produção de resultados científicos validados para fortalecer o PNPCT e melhorar a atenção das pessoas com TB.

Desempenho da Gestão Organizacional dos serviços hospitalares do Brasil: uma avaliação segundo o Programa Nacional de Avaliação de Serviços de Saúde (PNASS) / Organizational Management Performance of Brazilian Hospital Services: an Assessment according to the National Program for Health Services Evaluation (PNASS)

RESUMO Introdução: Avaliar o desempenho da Gestão Organizacional dos Serviços Hospitalares do Brasil é relevante, pois as ações de gestão organizacional proporcionam adequado funcionamento, planejamento e organização aos hospitais, bem como, proveem condições físicas, tecnológicas, materiais e humanas que influenciam nos resultados assistenciais. Considerando o grande número de hospitais que compõe o Sistema Único de Saúde e a importância destes serviços na assistência na saúde população, torna-se relevante avaliá-los sob ótica da gestão organizacional. Objetivo: Avaliar o desempenho da Gestão Organizacional dos Serviços Hospitalares no Brasil. Método: Estudo transversal que utilizou dados secundários do Programa Nacional de Avaliação dos Serviços de Saúde 2015-2016 para avaliar o Desempenho da Gestão Organizacional de 1665 hospitais do Brasil a partir de 30 itens de verificação referentes a Gestão de contratos, Pessoas, Informação, Planejamento e Organização, Modelo Organizacional, que compuseram um escore de avaliação dos hospitais. O Desempenho foi avaliado segundo os indicadores porte hospitalar, nível de complexidade, esfera administrativa, tipo de gestão e região do país. Verificou-se a associação entre o Desempenho da Gestão Organizacional dos hospitais com indicadores Taxa de Ocupação, Média de Permanência, Taxa de Mortalidade Hospitalar e Valor Médio da AIH. Utilizou-se a Análise de Componentes Principais para verificar a relação de dependências entre as variáveis e explicar a variabilidades dos dados. Foi estimado o modelo de regressão logística ajustado para verificar as variáveis que melhor explicam o Desempenho da Gestão Organizacional. Resultados: A média de Desempenho da Gestão Organizacional dos hospitais foi de 63,83. A avaliação por critério obteve-se os seguintes resultados: Gestão da Informação (77,59), Gestão de Pessoas (61,96), Gestão de Contratos (61,71), Modelo Organizacional (61,64), Planejamento e Organização (56,45). Os melhores resultados foram verificados nos hospitais da região Sul, nível de Complexidade 8, acima de 150 leitos, Esfera Administrativa Público Federal e Gestão Estadual. Na análise de regressão logística as variáveis que mais explicam o Desempenho da Gestão Organizacional são: Taxa de Ocupação (p<9.87E-09), Porte hospitalar (p<4.49E-10), gestão municipal (p<0.004), Nível Hierárquico Nível 7 (p<0.042), Nível 8 (p<0.022) região Sul (p<0.004), Sudeste (p<0.002). Conclusão: O estudo mostra que o PNASS é um potente e qualificado instrumento de avaliação dos hospitais. Evidenciou-se lacunas importantes na Gestão Organizacional dos Hospitais frente aos critérios dos PNASS. Aponta também para a relação de escala e eficiência. Além disto, o estudo reforça a desigualdade regional com concentração de hospitais nas regiões Sul e Sudeste em termos quantitativos e qualitativos, além de demostrar a necessidade de aprofundamento sobre a gestão dos hospitais de gestão municipal dada a insuficiência apontada neste estudo.

ABSTRACT Introduction: To evaluate the performance of the Organizational Management of Hospital Services in Brazil is relevant because the organizational management actions provide adequate operation, planning, and organization to hospitals as well as physical, technological, material, and human conditions that influence the care results. Considering the large number of hospitals that are part of the Brazilian Unified Health System and the importance of these services in the population health care, it becomes relevant to evaluate them from an organizational management standpoint. Objective: To evaluate the performance of the Organizational Management of Hospital Services in Brazil. Method: Cross-sectional study that used secondary data from the 2015-2016 National Health Services Evaluation Program to evaluate the Organizational Management Performance of 1665 hospitals in Brazil from 30 verification items referring to Contract Management, People, Information, Planning and Organization, Organizational Model, which constituted an evaluation score of the hospitals. The Performance was evaluated according to the indicators: hospital size, level of complexity, administrative system, type of management and region of the country. It was verified the association between Performance of Organizational Management of hospitals with indicators such as: Occupancy Rate, Average Length of Stay, Hospital Mortality Rate and Average Value of Hospital Admission Rate. We used Main Components Analysis in order to verify the dependent relationship among variables and to explain data variability. The adjusted logistic regression model was estimated to verify the variables that best explain the Organizational Management Performance. Results: The average of Organizational Management Performance of the hospitals was 63.83. In the evaluation by criteria the following results were obtained: Information Management (77.59), People Management (61.96), Contract Management (61.71), Organizational Model (61.64), Planning and Organization (56.45). The best results were seen in hospitals in the South region, Complexity level 8, above 150 beds, Federal Public Administrative System and State Management. In the logistic regression analysis the variables that most explain Organizational Management Performance are: Occupancy Rate (p<9.87E-09), Hospital Size (p<4.49E-10), Municipal Management (p<0.004), Hierarchical Level- Level 7 (p<0.042), Level 8 (p<0.022) Southern region (p<0.004), Southeast (p<0.002). Conclusion: The study shows that the PNASS is a powerful and qualified instrument for evaluating hospitals. Important gaps in the Organizational Management of Hospitals in relation to the PNASS criteria were highlighted. It also points to the relationship between scale and efficiency. Moreover, the study reinforces the regional inequality by concentrating hospitals in the South and Southeast regions in quantitative and qualitative terms, besides demonstrating the need for further study on the management of hospitals under municipal management given its insufficiency indicated in this study.

Barreras para la eliminación de la malaria en Guapi-Cauca, Colombia / Obstacles to malaria elimination in Guapi-Cauca, Colombia

RESUMEN Objetivo Explicar las barreras para la eliminación de la malaria en Guapi (Cauca, Colombia), según la percepción de la comunidad. Método Se realizó un estudio cualitativo descriptivo de tipo exploratorio en Guapi, de octubre a noviembre de 2016, a través del análisis de contenido de grupos focales de ocho mujeres voluntarias y de análisis inductivo e interpretativo. Resultados Basadas en las respuestas de las voluntarias, se construyeron tres categorías, de las cuales se originaron cinco subcategorías relacionadas con barreras (tema) para la eliminación de la malaria que incluyen determinantes sociales del municipio tales como las barreras ambientales, culturales y de atención en salud. Todas ellas requieren de la intervención integral por parte de las diferentes dependencias del Estado, con la inclusión de las características propias de la comunidad guapireña. Conclusión Se identificó que la falta de planeación e infraestructura deficiente en el municipio obstaculiza no solo la eliminación de la malaria sino también la de otras enfermedades transmisibles. El desarrollo de actividades económicas como la minería, las prácticas de automedicación, la poca adherencia a las medidas de prevención por parte de la comunidad, la falta de contratación de profesionales y microscopistas y el difícil acceso a los servicios de salud constituyen las principales barreras para la eliminación de la malaria en este municipio de la región pacífica colombiana.

ABSTRACT Objetive To explain the obstacles for malaria elimination in Guapi (Cauca, Colombia), considering the community perception. Method A qualitative, descriptive and exploratory research was carried out in Guapi, from October to November 2016, through the content analysis of eight female volunteer's focus groups. Inductive and interpretive analyses were also performed. Results Based on the volunteers' responses, three categories were built, from which five subcategories related to obstacles (issue) for malaria elimination emerged; these included municipality social determinants such as environmental, cultural and health care barriers. All of them require of comprehensive interventions by different state agencies and inclusion of the specific characteristics of the local community. Conclusion We found that lack of planning and municipal poor infrastructure limits the elimination of malaria and other communicable diseases alike. Economic activities such as mining, self-medication practices, community poor adherence to prevention measures, lack of professional and microscopists hiring and the difficulties for accessing to health services are the main obstacles for malaria elimination in this municipality of the Colombian Pacific Coast.