RESUMO
Glycolipids, consisting of a carbohydrate moiety linked to fatty acids, are microbial surface active compounds produced by various microorganisms. They are characterized by high structural diversity and have the ability to decrease the surface and interfacial tension at the surface and interface, respectively. Rhamnolipids, trehalolipids, mannosylerythritol lipids and cellobiose lipids are among the most popular glycolipids. They have received much practical attention as biopesticides for controlling plant diseases and protecting stored products. As a result of their antifungal activity towards phytopathogenic fungi and larvicidal and mosquitocidal potencies, glycolipid biosurfactants permit the preservation of plants and plant crops from pest invasion. Also, as a result of their emulsifying and antibacterial activities, glycolipids have great potential as food additives and food preservatives. Furthermore, the valorization of food byproducts via the production of glycolipid biosurfactant has received much attention because it permits the bioconversion of byproducts on valuable compounds and decreases the cost of production. Generally, the use of glycolipids in many fields requires their retention from fermentation media. Accordingly, different strategies have been developed to extract and purify glycolipids. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
Assuntos
Agroquímicos/química , Agentes de Controle Biológico/química , Aditivos Alimentares/química , Glicolipídeos/química , Resíduos Industriais/análise , Tensoativos/química , Agroquímicos/economia , Agroquímicos/isolamento & purificação , Agroquímicos/metabolismo , Animais , Biodegradação Ambiental , Agentes de Controle Biológico/economia , Agentes de Controle Biológico/isolamento & purificação , Agentes de Controle Biológico/metabolismo , Fenômenos Químicos , Produtos Agrícolas/efeitos dos fármacos , Produtos Agrícolas/economia , Produtos Agrícolas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Produtos Agrícolas/imunologia , Fermentação , Aditivos Alimentares/economia , Aditivos Alimentares/isolamento & purificação , Aditivos Alimentares/metabolismo , Conservantes de Alimentos/química , Conservantes de Alimentos/economia , Conservantes de Alimentos/isolamento & purificação , Conservantes de Alimentos/metabolismo , Indústria de Processamento de Alimentos/economia , Fungos/química , Fungos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fungos/metabolismo , Glicolipídeos/economia , Glicolipídeos/isolamento & purificação , Glicolipídeos/metabolismo , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/química , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/metabolismo , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/química , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/metabolismo , Humanos , Resíduos Industriais/economia , Praguicidas/química , Praguicidas/economia , Praguicidas/isolamento & purificação , Praguicidas/metabolismo , Imunidade Vegetal/efeitos dos fármacos , Tensoativos/economia , Tensoativos/isolamento & purificação , Tensoativos/metabolismoRESUMO
Rock phosphate (RP) is an important natural material traditionally used for the production of phosphorus (P) fertilizers. Compared with chemical treatment, microbial solubilization of RP is an alternative environmentally mild approach. An overview of biotechnological techniques, mainly based on solubilization processes involving agro-industrial residues, is presented. Potential advantages of composting, solid-state fermentation, and liquid submerged fermentation employing free and immobilized microorganisms that produce organic acids and simultaneously solubilize RP are discussed. Subsequent introduction of the final fermented products into soil-plant systems promotes plant growth and P acquisition.