Childrens' attachment story-completions and their theory of mind in three Turkish contexts: Seasonal migrant agricultural worker communities, residential group homes, and rural villages.

This study examines the association between attachment story-completions, as evaluated by a representational attachment measure, and theory of mind (ToM) among 204 socioeconomically disadvantaged children aged four to six years living in three distinct Turkish contexts: Seasonal migrant agricultural worker (SMAW) communities, residential group homes (RGHs), and rural villages. Attachment story-completions and ToM were found to be related to the distinct contexts children were living in. In the SMAW communities, higher number of children showed insecure dominant attachment, with only one in four having secure dominant attachment. About half of the children in the RGHs had insecure dominant attachment. However, the majority of village children exhibited secure dominant attachment. Furthermore, irrespective of the context, secure dominant attachment was found to have a substantial positive influence on children's ToM. Findings suggest that early intervention programs tailored to address emotional needs and support cognitive skills may be the most effective in helping children in these contexts.

Propuesta de Valores de Referencia para el Cuestionario de Evaluación del Apego Adulto: Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR-12), en población adulta chilena / Reference values for the Adult Attachment Assessment Questionnaire: Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR-12) in the Chilean Adult Population

El cuestionario de Experiencias en Relaciones Cercanas (ECR) es un instrumento de auto-reporte ampliamente utilizado para evaluar el apego en la adultez, a partir de dos dimensiones: la ansiedad y la evitación asociadas al apego. Este instrumento ha sido adaptado en múltiples contextos, incluyendo el chileno, del cual existe una versión abreviada (ECR-12), objeto de análisis del presente estudio. Si bien existe consenso en que la seguridad en el apego es mejor descrita en términos dimensionales, hay ámbitos, como en la práctica clínica donde contar con valores de referencia podría ser de utilidad. El objetivo de este estudio es proveer valores de referencia para la interpretación de los valores del ECR-12 en el contexto chileno. Para ello, una muestra de 6779 participantes respondió el ECR-12. Se utilizó el método de puntuación z con normalización para obtener los valores de referencia. Los análisis realizados evidenciaron la necesidad de construir baremos diferenciados por edad. Así, para el grupo de 29 años o menos, el punto de corte en la dimensión de ansiedad es de un promedio igual o superior a 4.4 puntos, y para la evitación, el punto de corte es de un promedio igual o superior a 2.5. En cambio, para el grupo de 30 años o más, el punto de corte en la dimensión de ansiedad es de un promedio igual o superior a 4.2, y para la evitación, es de un promedio igual o superior a 2.9. Estos hallazgos pueden ser relevantes no sólo para identificar a personas que puedan presentar niveles sustancialmente altos de ansiedad y/o evitación en el apego, sino, también puede constituirse como una herramienta clínica complementaria en contextos terapéuticos.

The Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR) questionnaire is a widely used self-report measure to assess adult attachment, based on two dimensions: attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance. This instrument has been adapted in multiple contexts, including the Chilean, for which there is an abbreviated version (ECR-12), that is the object of analysis in the present study. Although there is consensus that attachment security is best described in dimensional terms, there are areas, such as clinical practice, where having reference values could be useful. The aim of this study is to provide reference values for the interpretation of ECR-12 scores in the Chilean context. To do this, a sample of 6779 participants was evaluated using the ECR-12. The z-score normalization method was used to obtain the reference values. The analyzes carried out showed the need to build scales differentiated by age. Thus, for the group of 29 years or less, the cut-off point in the anxiety dimension is an average equal to or greater than 4.4 points, and for avoidance, the cut-off point is an average equal to or greater than 2.5. On the other hand, for the group aged 30 or older, the cut-off point in the anxiety dimension is an average equal to or greater than 4.2, and for avoidance, it is an average equal to or greater than 2.9. These findings can be relevant not only for identifying people who may present substantially high levels of anxiety and/or avoidance in attachment, but also as a complementary clinical tool in therapeutic contexts.

Nature and Assessment of Personality Pathology and Diagnosis.

This article demonstrates the contribution of Otto Kernberg's object relations theory of personality pathology to the current understanding of the nature and assessment of personality pathology and diagnosis. The article introduces recent advances in psychiatric nosology and presents differing views on the meaning of the general severity criterion common to all personality pathology (i.e., level of personality functioning as described in criterion A of the Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders). Next, the significance of Kernberg's theory to recent nosological advances is discussed, with a focus on two important features: first, a definition of personality that goes beyond signs and symptoms to include structural motivational components, in the domains of self- and interpersonal functioning, that are common to all personality manifestations and that fulfill an intrapsychic, organizing function; second, identity formation and consolidation as the ultimate end point of healthy personality functioning. That these cornerstone features of Kernberg's theory, articulated more than 50 years ago, align with the most up-to-date conceptualization of personality pathology confirms that Kernberg's theory represents an idea whose time has finally come.

Resolução de conflitos familiares por adolescentes e defesa do domínio pessoal / Adolescents' family conflict resolution and defense of personal domain / Resolución de conflictos familiares por adolescentes y defensa del dominio personal

Compreender as estratégias de resolução de conflitos utilizadas por adolescentes na relação com seus pais é fundamental para entender como ocorre seu desenvolvimento saudável. Este artigo investigou a resolução de conflitos de adolescentes em situações de confronto entre o seu domínio pessoal e o controle parental. 36 adolescentes com idades entre 15 e 17 anos, divididos igualmente conforme o sexo, responderam a uma entrevista semiestruturada, que continha quatro situações de conflito hipotéticas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo semântica e a testes não paramétricos. Os resultados foram categorizados em sete estratégias: Assunção de culpa, Submissão, Mentira, Hostilidade, Diálogo/Explicação, Negociação e Outra. A forma predominante de resolução utilizada foi o Diálogo/Explicação, considerada como uma forma recorrente de defender o domínio pessoal. Foram encontradas diferenças em relação ao sexo dos participantes e à situação hipotética. Por fim, os resultados são discutidos em termos de grau de autonomia e tipo de defesa do domínio pessoal.(AU)

Understanding the conflict resolution strategies used by adolescents in their relationship with their parents is fundamental to understanding how their healthy development occurs. This article investigated the resolution of conflicts by adolescents in confrontation situations between their personal domain and parental control. A total of 36 adolescents, aged 15 to 17 years, divided equally according to sex, answered a semi-structured interview that contained four hypothetical conflict situations. Data were subjected to semantic content analysis and non-parametric tests. The results were categorized into seven strategies: Assumption of Guilt, Submission, Lie, Hostility, Dialogue/Explanation, Negotiation, and Other. The predominant form of resolution used was Dialogue/Explanation, considered a recurrent form of defense of the personal domain. Differences were found depending on the participants' gender and the hypothetical situation. Finally, the results are discussed regarding the degree of autonomy and type of defense of the personal domain.(AU)

Enterarse de las estrategias de resolución de conflictos que los adolescentes utilizan en la relación con sus padres es fundamental para comprender cómo ocurre el desarrollo saludable de los adolescentes. A partir de una entrevista semiestructurada, presentamos cuatro situaciones hipotéticas de conflicto que fueron analizadas y respondidas por 36 adolescentes de entre 15 y 17 años, divididos según el género. Los datos se sometieron a un análisis de contenido semántico y a pruebas no paramétricas. Los resultados se categorizaron en siete estrategias de resolución de conflictos: Asunción de culpa, Sumisión, Mentira, Hostilidad, Diálogo/Explicación, Negociación y Otros. La forma de resolución más utilizada fue Diálogo/Explicación, y esta categoría fue una forma de defensa del dominio personal. Asimismo, se encontraron diferencias en función del género de los participantes y conforme la situación hipotética. Los resultados se discuten en términos de grado de autonomía y tipo de defensa del dominio personal.(AU)

Implicações da prática profissional no acolhimento institucional de crianças: perspectiva de cuidadoras / Implications of professional practice in children's institutional sheltering: caregivers' perspective / Implicaciones de la práctica profesional en el alojamiento institucional de niños: perspectiva de cuidadoras

Este estudo qualitativo teve como objetivo compreender, a partir da teoria de bioecológica de desenvolvimento, as implicações da prática profissional no processo de acolhimento de crianças em uma casa-abrigo, na perspectiva de cuidadoras. As participantes foram 10 profissionais de uma casa-abrigo localizada na região sul do Brasil. Utilizou-se a entrevista semiestruturada e a organização e análise dos dados sustentou-se na Grounded Theory, com auxílio do software Atlas.ti 8.4.14. Os resultados evidenciaram uma centralização das ações de acolhimento e atenção em torno dos cuidados físicos das crianças. As ações para promover suporte e cuidados emocionais dentro da casa-abrigo eram delegadas às profissionais da equipe técnica da instituição. Observou-se que as dificuldades encontradas pelas cuidadoras diziam respeito à falta de segurança e preparação para responder e acolher as demandas emocionais das crianças, as quais estão presentes em diversos momentos do processo de acolhimento. Percebeu-se que as práticas institucionais afetaram decisivamente tanto as ações de acolhimento das participantes e o suporte emocional oferecido às crianças na passagem pela casa-abrigo quanto as cuidadoras, no sentido de vivenciarem no trabalho sentimentos de insegurança. Os resultados tensionam ecologicamente a interação nos processos proximais presentes no desenvolvimento humano. Advoga-se pela reflexão sobre as implicações das práticas institucionais de uma casa-abrigo e o desenvolvimento infantil, visando o cuidado integral dos acolhidos.(AU)

Based on the developmental bioecological theory, this study analyzes the implications of professional practice in children's user embracement at a shelter from the caregivers' perspective. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 professionals from a shelter located in southern Brazil. Data organization and analysis was performed based on Grounded Theory using the Atlas.ti 8.4.14 software. Results showed that embracement and attention focus on the physical care of children. Support and emotional care activities were delegated to the institution's technical team. Caregivers faced difficulties regarding the lack of security and preparation to respond to and accept the children's emotional demands, which arise at different moments in the embracement process. The institutional practices decisively affected both user embracement actions and the emotional support offered to the children, as well as the caregivers, in the sense of experiencing feelings of insecurity. These findings ecologically tension the interaction in the proximal processes present in human development. Further reflections on the implications of institutional shelter-based practices for child development are needed to provide comprehensive care.(AU)

Este estudio cualitativo tuvo como objetivo comprender, desde la perspectiva de la teoría bioecológica del desarrollo, las implicaciones de la práctica profesional en el proceso de acogida de niños en una institución infantil desde la perspectiva de las cuidadoras. Las participantes fueron 10 profesionales de una institución de acogida infantil ubicada en la región Sur de Brasil. Se utilizó la entrevista semiestructurada, y para la organización y análisis de datos se aplicó Grounded Theory, con el uso del software Atlas.ti 8.4.14. Los resultados mostraron que las acciones de recepción y atención se centran en el cuidado físico de los niños. Las acciones de promoción de apoyo y cuidado emocional dentro del alojamiento se asignaron a los profesionales del equipo técnico de la institución. Se observó que las dificultades encontradas por las cuidadoras estaban relacionadas con la falta de seguridad y preparación para responder y aceptar las demandas emocionales de los niños, las cuales se encuentran presentes en diferentes momentos del proceso de acogida. Se notó que las prácticas institucionales afectaron decisivamente tanto las acciones de acogida de las participantes como el apoyo emocional que la institución brinda a los niños durante su paso, así como a las cuidadoras en el sentido de experimentar sentimientos de inseguridad en el trabajo. Estos resultados tensan ecológicamente la interacción en los procesos proximales presentes en el desarrollo humano. Se aboga por reflexionar sobre las implicaciones de las prácticas institucionales en los alojamientos institucionales y el desarrollo infantil, apuntando a la atención integral de los acogidos.(AU)

O inventário de envolvimento paterno revisado: inclusão de pais com filhos pré-escolares / The inventory of father involvement revised: inclusion of fathers with preschool children / El inventario de envolvimiento paterno revisado: inclusión de padres de preescolares

Apesar da importância do envolvimento paterno, sua avaliação persiste desafiadora. No Brasil, o Inventário de Envolvimento Paterno (IFI-BR) vem se mostrando adequado para uso com pais de crianças de 5 a 10 anos. Entretanto, do ponto de vista do desenvolvimento infantil e de intervenções preventivas, seria importante avaliar o envolvimento paterno quando as crianças são mais novas. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivos: identificar limitações do IFI-BR, quando usado com pais de crianças entre 2 e 10 anos, e avaliar itens para o IFI-BR-revisado. No Estudo 1, 434 pais com filhos no Ensino Infantil ou Fundamental 1 responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico e ao IFI-BR. Com base em análises de dados omissos, estrutura interna e precisão, modificações foram sugeridas, visando à manutenção da estrutura interna original do instrumento. No Estudo 2, 572 pais com filhos na mesma faixa etária responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico e à versão modificada do IFI-BR. Foram comparadas as frequências de dados omissos e estimativas de precisão para os itens originais e modificados, selecionando aqueles que melhor representavam essa amostra de pais para compor a versão revisada do IFI-BR. Esses resultados indicaram evidências adequadas de validade, com base no conteúdo da versão revisada do IFI-BR, quando utilizada para avaliar a qualidade do envolvimento paterno de pais brasileiros com filhos do Ensino Infantil ao Fundamental 1. Após verificadas evidências de validade adicionais, essa versão revisada do IFI-BR poderá ser utilizada, por exemplo, em estudos longitudinais e na avaliação de intervenções precoces com pais.(AU)

Despite the importance assigned to father involvement, evaluating this construct remains a challenge. In Brazil, the Inventário de Envolvimento Paterno (IFI-BR) has showed satisfactory evidence of validity for fathers of children between 5 and 10 years old. From the perspective of child development and preventive interventions, however, evaluating father involvement with younger children is essential. Hence, this study sought to: identify limitations of the IFI-BR for fathers of children between 2 and 10 years old, and evaluate items for a revised IFI-BR. In Study 1, 434 fathers of children in early childhood and primary school settings answered a sociodemographic questionnaire and the IFI-BR. Based on analyses of missing data, internal structure, and reliability, modifications were suggested to maintain the original internal structure. In Study 2, 572 fathers of children in the same age range answered a sociodemographic questionnaire and the modified IFI-BR. After comparison between values for missing data and reliability of the original and modified items, the items that best represented the broader sample of fathers were selected to compose the revised IFI-BR. Results indicated adequate evidence of content validity for the revised IFI-BR when used to assess the involvement of Brazilian fathers with children in early childhood education and primary school settings. After additional evidence has been verified, this revised IFI-BR can be used, for example, in longitudinal studies and to evaluate early interventions with fathers.(AU)

La participación paterna es importante, pero su evaluación sigue siendo desafiadora. En Brasil, el Inventário de Envolvimento Paterno (IFI-BR) demuestra ser adecuado para aplicar a padres de niños de 5 a 10 años de edad. No obstante, desde la perspectiva del desarrollo infantil y de las intervenciones preventivas, sería importante evaluar la participación de los padres de niños más jóvenes. Este estudio tuvo como objetivos: identificar limitaciones del IFI-BR cuando se aplica a padres de niños entre los 2 y 10 años y evaluar ítems para el IFI-BR-revisado. En Estudio 1, 434 padres con hijos en el jardín de infantes o escuela primaria respondieron un cuestionario sociodemográfico y el IFI-BR. Con base en el análisis de datos faltantes, estructura interna y exactitud, se sugirieron modificaciones para mantener la estructura interna original del instrumento. En Estudio 2, 572 padres respondieron un cuestionario sociodemográfico y la versión modificada del IFI-BR. Se compararon las frecuencias de datos faltantes y estimaciones de exactitud para los ítems originales y modificados, seleccionando aquellos que representaban mejor a esta muestra de padres para la versión revisada del IFI-BR. Estos resultados indicaron evidencia adecuada de validez, basada en el contenido de la versión revisada del IFI-BR, cuando se utilizó para evaluar la calidad de la participación de padres brasileños con niños en el jardín de infantes y en la escuela primaria. Después de verificada la evidencia adicional de validez, la versión revisada del IFI-BR se puede utilizar, por ejemplo, en estudios longitudinales y en la evaluación de intervenciones precoz con los padres.(AU)

Intervenções psicológicas necessárias: a prática como residente no serviço de medicina fetal / Necessary psychological interventions: the practice as a resident in the fetal medicine service / Intervenciones psicológicas necesarias: la práctica como residente en el servicio de medicina fetal

Com os avanços tecnológicos e o aprimoramento da prática médica via ultrassonografia, já é possível detectar possíveis problemas no feto desde a gestação. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a prática do psicólogo no contexto de gestações que envolvem riscos fetais. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo sob formato de relato de experiência como psicólogo residente no Serviço de Medicina Fetal da Maternidade Escola da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). Os registros, feitos por observação participante e diário de campo, foram analisados em dois eixos temáticos: 1) intervenções psicológicas no trabalho em equipe em consulta de pré-natal, exame de ultrassonografia e procedimento de amniocentese; e 2) intervenções psicológicas em casos de bebês incompatíveis com a vida. Os resultados indicaram que o psicólogo nesse serviço é essencial para atuar de forma multiprofissional na assistência pré-natal para gravidezes de alto risco fetal. Ademais, a preceptoria do residente é relevante para sua formação e treinamento para atuação profissional no campo da psicologia perinatal.(AU)

Face to the technological advances and the improvement of medical practice via ultrasound, it is already possible to detect possible problems in the fetus since pregnancy. The objective of this study was to analyze the psychologist's practice in the context of pregnancies which involve fetal risks. It is a qualitative study based on an experience report as a psychologist trainee at the Fetal Medicine Service of the Maternity School of UFRJ. The records, based on the participant observation and field diary, were analyzed in two thematic axes: 1) psychological interventions in the teamwork in the prenatal attendance, ultrasound examination and amniocentesis procedure; and 2) psychological interventions in cases of babies incompatible to the life. The results indicated that the psychologist in this service is essential to work in a multidisciplinary way at the prenatal care for high fetal risk pregnancies. Furthermore, the resident's preceptorship is relevant to their education and training for professional performance in the field of Perinatal Psychology.(AU)

Con los avances tecnológicos y la mejora de la práctica médica a través de la ecografía, ya se puede detectar posibles problemas en el feto desde el embarazo. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la práctica del psicólogo en el contexto de embarazos de riesgos fetal. Es un estudio cualitativo basado en un relato de experiencia como residente de psicología en el Servicio de Medicina Fetal de la Escuela de Maternidad de la Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). Los registros, realizados en la observación participante y el diario de campo, se analizaron en dos ejes temáticos: 1) intervenciones psicológicas en el trabajo en equipo, en la consulta prenatal, ecografía y los procedimientos de amniocentesis; y 2) intervenciones psicológicas en casos de bebés incompatibles con la vida. Los resultados señalaron como fundamental la presencia del psicólogo en este servicio trabajando de forma multidisciplinar en la atención prenatal en el contexto de embarazos de alto riesgo fetal. Además, la tutela del residente es relevante para su educación y formación para el desempeño profesional en el campo de la Psicología Perinatal.(AU)

O avesso do mesmo lugar / El revés del mismo lugar / The reverse of the same place / L'envers du même endroit

Neste artigo, parte-se das experiências de fronteira de dois meninos. Uma é a narrativa de Zain, no filme Cafarnaum, anterior à sua migração do Líbano; a outra, o caso clínico de Túlio, construído por um grupo de supervisão em serviço de medidas socioeducativas em São Paulo. Abordaremos o laço social nesses distintos contextos, observando subjetividades singulares e universais de adolescentes marcados por desigualdade e injustiça social. O objetivo é interrogar a psicanálise diante da condição de desenraizamento imposta ao sujeito na contemporaneidade. O cinema, objeto da cultura, evoca a nossa responsabilidade ética ao aproximar ficção e realidade, denunciando violências de gênero e situações desumanas oferecidas aos imigrantes e às infâncias subalternizadas. Há o convite para a criação de dispositivos clínicos que ofereçam a hospitalidade como operador conceitual diante das urgências sociais

El presente artículo se basa en las experiencias fronterizas de dos niños. Una es la narración de Zain en la película Cafarnaum, antes de su emigración del Líbano; la otra es el caso clínico de Tulio, construido por un grupo de supervisión em un servicio de medidas socioeducativas en São Paulo. Abordaremos el vínculo social en estos diferentes contextos, observando subjetividades singulares y universales de adolescentes marcados por la desigualdad y la injusticia social. El objetivo es cuestionar el psicoanálisis ante la condición de desarraigo que se impone al sujeto en la contemporaneidad. El cine, objeto de la cultura, evoca nuestra responsabilidad ética al unir ficción y realidad, denunciando la violencia de género y las situaciones inhumanas que se ofrecen a los inmigrantes y a las infancias marginadas. Hay una invitación a crear dispositivos clínicos que ofrezcan hospitalidad como operador conceptual ante las urgencias sociales

This article is based on the frontier experiences of two boys. One is Zain's narrative in the movie Cafarnaum, before his emigration from Lebanon; the other is the clinical case of Tulio, developed by a supervision group in a social and educational measures service in São Paulo. We will approach the social bond in those different contexts, observing singular and universal subjectivities in adolescents marked by inequality and social injustice. The goal is to interrogate psychoanalysis in the face of the uprooting condition imposed on contemporaneous subjects. Cinema, an object of culture, evokes our ethical responsibility by bringing fiction and reality together, denouncing gender violence and inhuman situations faced by immigrants and underprivileged children. There is an invitation to create clinical devices that offer hospitality as a conceptual operator in the face of social urgencies

Dans cet article, nous partons des expériences frontalières de deux garçons. L'un est le parcours de Zain dans le film Cafarnaum, avant sa migration du Liban ; dans l'autre, le cas clinique de Tulio, construit par un groupe de supervision d'une institution de protection socio-éducative à São Paulo. Nous aborderons le lien social dans ces différents contextes, en observant les subjectivités singulières et universelles d'adolescents marqués par des inégalités et l'injustice sociale. Il s'agit d'interroger la psychanalyse face à la condition de déracinement imposée au sujet dans le contemporain. Le cinéma, objet de culture, évoque notre responsabilité éthique en proposant la rencontre entre fiction et réalité, en dénonçant la violence de genre et les situations inhumaines imposées aux immigrés et aux enfances subalternes. Il s'agit ici d'une invitation à créer des dispositifs cliniques qui partent de l' hospitalité comme opérateur conceptuel face aux urgences sociales

Práticas psicológicas nos Creas do interior do RS: o olhar de trabalhadoras(es) / Psychological practices on CREAS in the countryside of the state of Rio Grande do Sul: perspectives of workers / Prácticas psicológicas en CREAS en el interior de Rio Grande do Sul: perspectiva de trabajadoras/es

O presente texto tem o objetivo de explanar ações desempenhadas por psicólogas(os) trabalhadoras(es) dos Centros de Referência Especializados de Assistência Social (Creas), em situações de violência intrafamiliar, identificadas a partir do estude empírico realizado por mim, psicóloga pesquisadora, também trabalhadora de um Creas. Participaram da pesquisa doze psicólogas(os), trabalhadoras(es) destes centros, em sete municípios do interior do Rio Grande do Sul, onde foram realizadas, presencialmente, as entrevistas. A análise dos dados apontou para uma compreensão metodológica a partir de três dimensões já apontadas na bibliografia, sendo elas: a) Acolhida Inicial, que demonstra que esses profissionais geralmente iniciam suas práticas com uma família ou indivíduo indo ao encontro destes, buscando a vinculação dos mesmos com o serviço; b) Acompanhamento Especializado, onde essas(es) trabalhadoras(es) desenvolvem suas práticas com diversidade e criatividade, a partir de visitas domiciliares, trabalhos com grupos, indivíduos ou famílias, geralmente em conjunto com outros profissionais, principalmente assistentes sociais; c) Articulação com a Rede, onde se identificou um importante movimento para o trabalho em conjunto com outros serviços disponíveis no território. Por fim, as considerações finais indicam que ainda há um caminho a ser trilhado com relação à definição das práticas dos psicólogos no Creas. Porém, há muito que se falar a respeito de práticas que já estão ocorrendo. Assim, tornam-se relevantes as pesquisas acadêmicas nesse contexto, pois ao inserir os profissionais psicólogos trabalhadores da política, eles podem promover uma articulação entre a produção do fazer cotidiano e a reflexão teórica e acadêmica sustentada pelas pesquisas.(AU)

This study aims to explore the activities developed by psychologists from the Centros de Referência de Atenção Especializada (CREAS - Brazilian Specialized Social Assistance Reference Centers), regarding situations of intrafamily violence identified by me, the author, a research psychologist and, CREAS worker. Participants include 12 psychologists who work on such centers from 7 cities in the countryside of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, where the interviews were conducted in person. The data analysis pointed toward a methodological comprehension based on 3 dimensions that have already been mentioned in the literature: the Initial Approach, which shows that these workers usually initiate their practices with a family or an individual by going after them, seeking bond development with the service. The Specialized Follow-up, in which these workers develop their practices with diversity and creativity, through home visits and activities with group, family or individual, often with other workers, such as social assistance workers. And the Network Articulation, in which a significant movement toward working with the public services available on each territory is identified. Finally, there is still a path to be taken regarding the definition of psychological practices on CREAS, however, there is much to be noticed of what has already been occurring. Thus, academic research on such context is relevant since the inclusion of psychologists who work in this policy may promote an articulation between daily activity and the theoretical and academic reflection, supported by the research.(AU)

Este texto tuvo por objetivo explicar las acciones desarrolladas por psicólogas/os trabajadoras/es en los "Centros de Referência Especializados de Assistência Social" (CREAS) (Centros de Referencia Especializados en Asistencia Social), respecto a las situaciones de violencia intrafamiliar, identificadas por un estudio empírico hecho por una psicóloga-investigadora que actúa en un CREAS. Participaron 12 psicólogas/os que trabajan en estos centros, en siete ciudades del interior de Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil), donde se llevó a cabo las entrevistas en persona. El análisis de datos apuntó a una comprensión metodológica de tres dimensiones ya destacadas en la bibliografía: la Acogida Inicial, que enseña que estos profesionales generalmente empiezan sus prácticas con una familia o individuo buscando el encuentro para la promoción de la vinculación con el servicio; El Seguimiento Especializado, en el que desarrollan sus prácticas con diversidad y creatividad desde visitas domiciliarias, trabajos con grupos, individuos o familias, generalmente junto a otros profesionales, sobre todo con trabajadores sociales; y Articulación con la Red de Servicios, en la cual se identificó un importante movimiento para el trabajo con otros servicios disponibles en el territorio. Por fin, se observa que todavía hay un camino por recorrer en relación a la definición de las prácticas de psicólogos en CREAS, aunque hay mucho que decir respecto a las prácticas que ya están ocurriendo. Así, se vuelven relevantes las investigaciones académicas en ese contexto por introducir a los profesionales psicólogos trabajadores de la política, las cuales pueden promover una articulación entre la producción del hacer cotidiano y la reflexión teórica y académica sustentada por las investigaciones.(AU)

A New Attachment Assessment Tool: Attachment-Based Mental Representation Scale (ABMRS). / Baglanma Ölçümü için Yeni Bir Araç: Baglanma Temelli Zihinsel Temsiller Ölçegi (BTZTÖ).

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study is to develop a new assessment tool to measure attachment. METHOD: The study consisted of six stages. Initially, in order to develo an itm pool, the current attachment literature and measuring tools were examined. The clarity of the items and the face validity were evaluated with a group of 20 'judges'. The draft scale was given to 307 individuals, using the Brief Symptom Inventory as a criterion measure. Selection of the items was completed with factor analyses, and the resulting 33 item scale was named, "Attachment-Based Mental Representation Scale" (ABMRS). Later, with a sample of 407 individuals, the reliability and validity analyses of this 33item scale were conducted, using different criteria measures namely, Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory, The Parental Bonding Instrument, UCLA Loneliness Scale, Stress Audit Scale. Then, the test-retest reliability was investigated with a new sample of 60 individuals. With the addition of 7 more items, the Scale was administred to 283 people to investigate the psychometric properties. Lastly, the new 40-item Scale, with the items written in a mixed order, was applied to a different sample of 264 participants, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted. RESULTS: The scale has a six-dimensional structure, and it has been observed that the reliability coefficients of the dimensions vary between 0.72 and 0.86. These sub-dimensions can be grouped together and evaluated as "Secure Attachment" and "Insecure Attachment". CONCLUSION: It can be argued that the ABMRS validly and reliably measures the attachment phenomenon with various dimensions for Turkish culture.

Poder, norma e ideário na lei da alienação parental / Power, norm and ideology in the law of parental alienation / Poder, norma e ideología en la ley de alienación parental

A recomendação ética do psicólogo para intervir criticamente sobre a demanda vai de encontro com a tarefa de diagnosticar atos de Alienação Parental e, num sentido amplo, com a judicialização das relações privadas. A genealogia de Foucault consiste num método capaz de lançar luz sobre as práticas de poder na base dos discursos relacionados ao tema da alienação parental. O eufemismo pedagógico empregado para designar as sanções da lei tem como finalidade estratégica o convencimento a respeito de supostos benefícios da tutela sobre as famílias, ao mesmo tempo em que lhes são atribuídas alguma patologia disfuncional. Numa perspectiva crítica, a assimetria de gêneros corresponde às relações de poder presentes no problema da alienação parental. Por fim, a inversão dos critérios de identificação da alienação parental revela o distanciamento entre o ideal normativo e a realidade da ruptura conjugal e familiar, apontando para a importância de práticas de cuidado e assistência em vez de judicativas e punitivas.(AU)

The psychologist's ethical recommendation to critically intervene on the demand goes against the task of diagnosing acts of Parental Alienation (AP) and, in a broad sense, with the judicialization of private relations. Foucault's genealogy consists of a method able to shed on the power practices on the basis of discourses related to the theme of Parental Alienation. The pedagogical euphemism used to designate the sanctions of the law has the strategic purpose of convincing about the supposed benefits of guardianship over families, while attributing some dysfunctional pathology to them. From a critical perspective, gender asymmetry corresponds to the power relations present in the Parental Alienation problem. Finally, the inversion of the Parental Alienation's identification criteria reveals the gap between the normative ideal and the reality of marital and family disruption, pointing to the importance of care and assistance practices instead of judicative and punitive ones.(AU)

La recomendación ética del psicólogo de intervenir críticamente sobre la demanda va en contra de la tarea de diagnosticar actos de Alienación Parental (AP) y, en un sentido amplio, con la judicialización de las relaciones privadas. La genealogía de Foucault consiste en un método capaz de arrojar luz sobre las prácticas del poder a partir de discursos relacionados con el tema de la Alienación Parental. El eufemismo pedagógico que se utiliza para designar las sanciones de la ley tiene el propósito estratégico de convencer sobre los supuestos beneficios de la tutela sobre las familias, atribuyéndoles alguna patología disfuncional. Desde una perspectiva crítica, la asimetría de género corresponde a las relaciones de poder presentes en el problema de la Alienación Parental. Finalmente, la inversión de los criterios de identificación de la Alienación Parental revela la brecha entre el ideal normativo y la realidad de la ruptura conyugal y familiar, señalando la importancia de las prácticas de cuidado y asistencia en lugar de las judicativas y punitivas.(AU)

Fitness Costs of Insecure Romantic Attachment: The Role of Reproductive Motivation and Long-Term Mating.

Attachment styles are frequently viewed from within the evolutionary conceptual framework; however, their associations with evolutionary fitness are very rarely empirically explored. In the present research (N = 448), we analyzed the relations between romantic attachment (anxiety and avoidance) and various fitness indicators in Serbian adults: matting patterns (short and long-term mating), reproductive motivation, reproductive success (age of first birth, number of children, and grandchildren), and kin care (care for biological relatives in general and care for children). Congruent negative associations between insecure styles and fitness outcomes were found: this is particularly true for avoidance, which is negatively related to long-term mating, reproductive motivation, number of children, and kin care. Furthermore, the data showed that reproductive motivation and long-term mating may mediate the links between avoidance and the number of children. Anxiety was negatively related to reproductive motivation and the number of children; this attachment style was also negatively associated with care for children, but only in males. The present data suggest that secure romantic bonding may be evolutionary adaptive; the obtained results contradict some evolutionary theories that assume that insecure attachment has some adaptive benefits as well. Findings provide new insights into the role of romantic attachment in the behavioral ecology of pair bonding.

Cognitive complaints mediate childhood parental bonding influence on presenteeism.

BACKGROUND: Childhood parental bonding and cognitive complaints (CCs) affect a worker's mental health (MH), and CCs affect presenteeism. However, the impact of childhood parental bonding on presenteeism and the mediating effect of CCs with respect to the association among childhood parental bonding and presenteeism remain poorly understood. AIM: We aimed to investigate the mediating role of CCs on the relationship between childhood parental bonding and presenteeism to better understand the influence of childhood parental bonding on adulthood presenteeism. SETTING: A total of 440 Japanese adult workers recruited using convenience sampling were evaluated. METHODS: The Parental Bonding Instrument, Cognitive Complaints in Bipolar Disorder Rating Assessment and Work Limitations Questionnaire 8 were used to assess childhood parental bonding, CCs, and presenteeism, respectively. We performed Spearman's correlation analysis and path analysis to investigate the relationship among the variables. RESULTS: Path analysis revealed that childhood parental bonding and CCs significantly affected presenteeism. More specifically, CCs fully and partially mediated the effect of paternal and maternal care on presenteeism, respectively. Moreover, CCs partially mediated the effects of both paternal and maternal overprotection on presenteeism. CONCLUSION: The mediating role of CCs on the relationship between childhood parental bonding and presenteeism was shown in this study. In occupational MH, evaluating the mediating effect of CCs may be useful for addressing adulthood presenteeism associated with childhood parental bonding.

Suicidal ideations and Attempts Within the Family Context: The Role of Parent Support, Bonding, and Peer Experiences with Suicidal Behaviors.

The rate of suicidality is increasing faster in Black American youth than in any other group in the USA. Researchers have found that family-level factors are important environmental factors for predicting depression and anxiety among Black youth, but less is known about how family- and friendship-level factors are associated with suicidal ideation and attempts among Black youth. This secondary analysis used the data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescents to Adult Health with a sample of Black adolescents (N = 4232) with a mean age of 16 years. The predictors included parental and other contextual factors on the outcome, which was suicidal behaviors. A multinomial analysis was employed to assess which factors contributed to or prevented suicidal behaviors. Our results indicated that parental support was significantly and positively associated with reporting suicidal ideation and attempts. The results indicated that Black youth with a decrease in parental support were 41% more likely to report ideation and 68% more likely to report attempting suicide compared to those reporting no parental support. Findings from our study support the assertion that the influence from the familial microsystem is pronounced in modifying suicidal behavior of Black youth.

Projetos pessoais de idosos a partir de uma política pública de moradia / Personal projects for the elderly from a public housing policy / Proyectos personales de personas mayores desde una política de vivienda pública

A compreensão sobre suporte e qualidade ambiental torna-se de fundamental importância para intervenções e melhoria das condições e qualidade de vida da população idosa. Este estudo objetivou identificar a percepção do suporte ambiental e suas implicações na elaboração de projetos pessoais na velhice. A pesquisa se caracterizou como exploratória, descritiva e de abordagem quantiqualitativa. Participaram 76 idosos residentes em três condomínios do Programa Cidade Madura do estado da Paraíba. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados os questionários sociodemográfico e o de projetos pessoais. As análises foram realizadas por meio da análise de conteúdo pela perspectiva de Bardin. A média de idade encontrada no estudo foi de 71,01 anos, com predomínio: de mulheres (56,6%); de estado civil casado (31,6%); de baixa escolaridade; de renda de até um salário mínimo mensal (76,3%); e de aposentados (73,7%). A análise dos Projetos Pessoais resultou em 8 categorias de atividades: Vínculos afetivos, Atividades domésticas, Lazer, Atividades de compromisso, Religião, Saúde, Jardinagem, Informação/distração. O ambiente (físico e contextual) é um importante aliado na concretização dessas atividades, que refletem em um bem-estar global. O estudo concluiu que potencialidades do ambiente como segurança, tranquilidade, socialização e acessibilidade, dão suporte favorável à realização de atividades cotidianas, o que, consequentemente, reflete em um bem-estar geral e melhor qualidade de vida. Algumas fragilidades do ambiente, como falta de acessibilidade urbana, ineficiência e insuficiência de serviços de saúde e transporte público, também foram citadas pelos idosos como limitações na realização de seus projetos pessoais.(AU)

The understanding about support and environmental quality becomes of fundamental importance for interventions and improvement of conditions and quality of life of the older population. This study aimed to identify the perception of environmental support and its implications in the development of personal projects in old age. This is an exploratory, descriptive, and quantitative qualitative study. A total of 76 older adults residents in three condominiums of the Cidade Madura Program of the state of Paraíba participated in the study. Sociodemographic and personal projects questionnaires were used for data collection. The analyzes were performed by content analysis from Bardin's perspective. The average age found in the study was 71.01 years, with a predominance of women (56.6%), of marital status married (31.6%), low educational level, up to a minimum monthly wage of earnings (76.3%), and retirees (73.7%). The analysis of Personal Projects resulted in 08 activity categories: Affective bonding, Domestic activities, Leisure, Commitment Activities, Religion, Health, Gardening, Information/distraction. The environment (physical and contextual) is an important ally in the accomplishment of these activities, which reflect on a global well-being. The study concluded that potentialities of the environment such as safety, tranquility, socialization, and accessibility provide favorable support in the performance of daily activities, which, consequently, reflects in a general well-being and better quality of life. Some environmental weaknesses, such as lack of urban accessibility, inefficiency and insufficiency of health services and public transportation were also cited by the older adults as limitations in carrying out their personal projects.(AU)

La comprensión sobre el soporte y calidad ambiental es clave para las intervenciones y mejoría de las condiciones y calidad de vida de la población anciana. Este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar la percepción del soporte ambiental y sus implicaciones en la elaboración de proyectos personales en la vejez. Se trata de una investigación exploratoria, descriptiva y de abordaje cualicuantitativo. Participaron 76 ancianos que viven en tres habitaciones del Programa Ciudad Madura del Estado de Paraíba (Brasil). Para la recolección de datos se utilizaron los cuestionarios sociodemográficos y de proyectos personales. Se aplicó el análisis de contenido de Bardin. La edad media en el estudio fue de 71,01 años, con predominancia de mujeres (56,6%); estado civil casado (31,6%); bajo nivel educativo; renta de hasta un salario mínimo mensual (76,3%) y de jubilados (73,7%). El análisis de los proyectos personales dio como resultado 8 categorías de actividades: Vinculación afectiva, Actividades del hogar, Ocio, Actividades de compromiso, Religión, Salud, Jardinería, Información/distracción. El ambiente (físico y contextual) fue un importante aliado en la concretización de esas actividades, que conducen a un estado de bienestar general. Se concluyó que potencialidades del ambiente como seguridad, tranquilidad, socialización y accesibilidad dan soporte favorable en la realización de actividades diarias que, consecuentemente, reflejan en un bienestar general y mejor calidad de vida. Algunas fragilidades del ambiente como falta de accesibilidad urbana, ineficiencia e ineficacia de servicios de salud y transporte público también fueron citados por los ancianos como limitaciones en la realización de sus proyectos personales.(AU)

Early attachment networks to multiple caregivers: History, assessment models, and future research recommendations.

Early attachment has been commonly hypothesized to predict children's future developmental outcomes, and robust evidence relying on assessments of single caregiver-child attachment patterns has corroborated this hypothesis. Nevertheless, most often children are raised by multiple caregivers, and they tend to form attachment bonds with more than one of them. In this paper, we briefly describe the conceptual and empirical roots underlying the notion of attachment networks to multiple caregivers. We detail potential reasons for research focusing on a single caregiver (most often mothers, but recently also fathers) and the historical attempts to establish a more ecologically valid assessment of attachment to multiple caregivers. Finally, we describe a recently developed organizational framework that includes testable models on which future research may rely for assessing the predictive power of attachment networks to multiple caregivers on children's developmental outcomes.

Prenatal expectations and other psycho-social factors as risk factors of postnatal bonding disturbance.

The mother's bond to her baby starts to develop during pregnancy, and it is related to the baby's attachment. We study how the mother's prenatal expectations of her unborn baby, the mother's adult relationships, and postnatal psycho-social factors (stress, depression, and anxiety) are related to the risk of bonding disturbance. The study comprised 1398 mothers and their unborn babies assessed both during pregnancy and when the babies were 3 months old (47.7% girls). The mother's risk of bonding disturbance was investigated using Brockington's Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire. According to the results, 71 (5.1%) of all the mothers in the study had a risk of a bonding disturbance. In a final adjusted logistic regression model, the most important risk factors were the mother's inability to form positive expectations about relationships with the baby during the third trimester of pregnancy (AOR = 7.78, p ≤ .001), maternal postnatal stress (AOR = 4.95, p ≤ .001) and maternal postnatal depression (AOR = 3.46, p ≤ .01). The results challenge healthcare professionals to screen pregnant mothers to identify at-risk groups for post-partum bonding disturbances. Intervention programs to prevent the development of bonding disturbances, and thus their possible serious consequences for children's development, should be considered.

La unión afectiva entre la madre y su bebé comienza a desarrollarse durante el embarazo y está relacionado a la afectividad del bebé. Estudiamos cómo las expectativas prenatales que la madre tenía de su bebé aún no nacido, las relaciones adultas de la madre, así como los factores sicosociales (estrés, depresión y ansiedad) están relacionados con la alteración de la unión afectiva. El estudio incluyó a 1,398 madres y sus no nacidos bebés evaluados ambos durante el embarazo y cuando los bebés tenían tres meses de nacidos (47.7% niñas). El riesgo de la madre de alteraciones en la unión afectiva fue investigado usando el Cuestionario Brockington sobre la Unión Afectiva Posterior al Parto. De acuerdo con los resultados, 71 (5.1%) de todas las madres en el estudio presentaban un riesgo de alteración de la unión afectiva. En un modelo final de regresión logístico ajustado, los más importantes factores de riesgo fueron la inhabilidad de la madre de formar expectativas positivas acerca de las relaciones con el bebé durante el tercer trimestre del embarazo (AOR = 7.78, p < .001), el estrés materno postnatal (AOR = 4.95, p < .001) y la depresión materna postnatal (AOR = 3.46, p < .01). Los resultados presentan un reto a los profesionales del cuidado de la salud para examinar a mujeres embarazadas con el fin de identificar grupos bajo riesgo de alteraciones en la unión afectiva posterior al parto. Se deben considerar programas de intervención para prevenir el desarrollo de alteraciones en la unión afectiva y, por tanto, posibles serias consecuencias para el desarrollo de los niños.

Le lien de la mère avec son bébé commence à se développer durant la grossesse, et est lié à l'attachement du bébé. Nous étudions la manière dont les attentes prénatales que la mère se fait de son bébé à naître, les relations adultes de la mère, et les facteurs postnatals psycho-sociaux (stress, dépression, anxiété) sont liés au risque de trouble du lien. L'étude a compris 1398 mères et leurs bébé à naître évalués à la fois durant la grossesse et quand les bébés avaient trois mois (47,7% de filles). Le risque de trouble du lien de la mère a fait l'objet de l'étude, au moyen du Questionnaire du Lien Postpartum de Brockington. Selon les résultats, 71 (soit 5,1%) de toutes les mères de l'étude avaient un risque de trouble du lien. Dans un modèle de régression logistique ajusté final les facteurs de risque les plus importants étaient l'incapacité de la mère à former des attentes positives sur les relations avec le bébé durant le troisième trimestre de la grossesse (AOR - 7,78, p ≤,001), le stress postnatal maternel (AOR = 4,95, p ≤,001) et la dépression postnatale maternelle (AOR = 3,46, p ≤,01). Les résultats défient les professionnels de la santé de dépister les mères enceintes afin d'identifier les groupes à risque de troubles du lien postpartum. Des programmes d'intervention destinés à prévenir le développement de troubles du lien ainsi que leurs conséquences sévères pour le développement des enfants devraient être considérés.

The School Attachment Monitor-A novel computational tool for assessment of attachment in middle childhood.

BACKGROUND: Attachment research has been limited by the lack of quick and easy measures. We report development and validation of the School Attachment Monitor (SAM), a novel measure for largescale assessment of attachment in children aged 5-9, in the general population. SAM offers automatic presentation, on computer, of story-stems based on the Manchester Child Attachment Story Task (MCAST), without the need for trained administrators. SAM is delivered by novel software which interacts with child participants, starting with warm-up activities to familiarise them with the task. Children's story completion is video recorded and augmented by 'smart dolls' that the child can hold and manipulate, with movement sensors for data collection. The design of SAM was informed by children of users' age range to establish their task understanding and incorporate their innovative ideas for improving SAM software. METHODS: 130 5-9 year old children were recruited from mainstream primary schools. In Phase 1, sixty-one children completed both SAM and MCAST. Inter-rater reliability and rating concordance was compared between SAM and MCAST. In Phase 2, a further 44 children completed SAM complete and, including those children completing SAM in Phase 1 (total n = 105), a machine learning algorithm was developed using a "majority vote" procedure where, for each child, 500 non-overlapping video frames contribute to the decision. RESULTS: Using manual rating, SAM-MCAST concordance was excellent (89% secure versus insecure; 97% organised versus disorganised; 86% four-way). Comparison of human ratings of SAM versus the machine learning algorithm showed over 80% concordance. CONCLUSIONS: We have developed a new tool for measuring attachment at the population level, which has good reliability compared to a validated attachment measure and has the potential for automatic rating-opening the door to measurement of attachment in large populations.

The assessment of representational risk (ARR): Development and psychometric properties of a new coding system for assessing risk in the parent-infant relationship.

There are few clinically valid tools that can be used to assess potential parent-infant relational risk. This study describes the development and initial validation of the assessment of representational risk (ARR) coding system to be applied to the parent development interview (Slade, A., Aber, J. L., Bresgi, I., Berger, B., & Kaplan, M. (2004). The Parent Development Interview - Revised. Unpublished protocol. New York, NY: The City University of New York.) for assessing potential risk in caregivers' representations of their infant, themselves as parents, and their relationship. The ARR was developed and validated in three samples in England. A review of the literature informed the selection of 10 items. It had a three-factor structure that was used to inform subscales: hostile, helpless, and narcissistic caregiving representations. The subscales and total risk scores showed good criterion validity for discriminating between high and low risk samples and good concurrent validity with measures of parental psychopathology and parent-infant interaction. The ARR is a potentially valuable coding system for identifying risk in early attachment relationships.

Hay pocas herramientas clínicamente válidas que pueden usarse para evaluar los posibles riesgos en la relación progenitor-infante. Este estudio describe el desarrollo y la convalidación inicial de la Evaluación del Riesgo Representacional (ARR), un sistema de codificación para aplicarse a la Entrevista del Desarrollo del Progenitor (PDI; Slade et al., 2004) para evaluar el posible riesgo en las representaciones que los cuidadores tienen de sus infantes, de ellos mismos como padres y de sus relaciones. La ARR se desarrolló y se convalidó en tres grupos muestras en Inglaterra. Una revisión de la información disponible sirvió de base para la selección de 10 puntos. La misma tenía una estructura de tres factores que se usó como base en las subescalas: representaciones para prestar cuidado de tipo Hostil, Desesperanzado y Narcisista. Los puntajes de las subescalas y los totales mostraron buen criterio de validez para diferenciar entre los grupos muestras de alto y bajo riesgo, así como una buena validez concurrente con las medidas de sicopatología de progenitores y la interacción progenitor-infante. La ARR es un sistema de codificación de valor potencial para identificar el riesgo en las tempranas relaciones de afectividad.

Il existe peu d'outils cliniquement valables qui peuvent être utilisés pour évaluer le risque relationnel potentiel parent-nourrisson. Cette étude décrit le développement et la validation initiale du système de codage Evaluation du Risque Représentationnel (abrégé ici ERR en français) destiné à être appliqué à l'Entretien du Développement du Parent (PDI; Slade et al., 2004) pour évaluer le risque potentiel dans les représentations que les parents se font de leur nourrisson, d'elles-mêmes ou d'eux-mêmes en tant que parents, et de leur relation. L'ERR a été développé et validé dans trois échantillons en Angleterre. Une revue des recherches a éclairé la sélection de 10 éléments. Celle-ci a suivi une structure de 3 facteurs qui ont été utilisés pour éclairer les sous-échelles: représentations des parents de l'enfant Hostiles, Impuissantes, Narcissiques. Les Sous-échelles et les scores de risque total ont fait preuve d'une bonne validité du critère pour séparer les échantillons à risque élevé et à faible risque, et d'une bonne validité concurrente avec des mesures de psychopathologie parentale et d'interaction parent-nourrisson. L'ERR s'avère pouvoir être un système de codage utile pour l'identification du risque dans les relations d'attachement précoce.