A relação com o saber nas atividades lúdicas escolares / The relationship with knowledge in school recreational activities / La relación con el saber en las actividades lúdicas escolares

O brincar é uma atividade importante para o desenvolvimento infantil, porque melhora aspectos cognitivos, emocionais e físicos. Além disso, jogos e brincadeiras podem ser explorados como recurso educacional. Partindo do entendimento da ludicidade enquanto um processo subjetivo, este trabalho investigou a relação com o saber estabelecida durante as brincadeiras, buscando compreendê-las em suas dimensões epistêmica, social e identitária. Dezesseis estudantes do 5º ano do ensino fundamental foram entrevistados a partir de um roteiro baseado no instrumento "balanço do saber", proposto por Bernard Charlot. As questões foram adaptadas para possibilitar apreender o que as crianças dizem aprender durante as brincadeiras em que participam, com ênfase naquelas realizadas em sala de aula. Os resultados da análise de conteúdo realizada mostraram que, apesar de existirem conflitos sobre como se estabelecem as funções lúdica e educativa, quando a brincadeira infantil é utilizada como recurso pedagógico, os sujeitos podem identificar benefícios no processo de aprendizagem por meio dela. Aponta-se, também, a necessidade de considerar a condição social da criança no ambiente escolar para o sucesso ao utilizar essas atividades como práticas pedagógicas.(AU)

Child's play is an important activity for child development since it improves cognition, emotional, and physical aspects. Games can also be explored as an educational resource. Starting from the understanding that playfulness is a subjective process, this work has investigated the relationship to the knowledge stablished during games, aiming to understand it in its epistemic, social, and identitary dimensions. A group of 16 5th grade students were interviewed from a script based on the instrument "balance of knowledge," as proposed by Bernard Charlot. The questions were adapted to enable the apprehension of what children say they learn on the games they play, emphasizing those which are played in classrooms. The results of the content analysis performed have showed that, despite the conflicts on how both playful and educative functions are stablished when child's play is used as a pedagogic resource, the subjects can identify benefits on the process of learning with it. The need to consider the child's social condition in the school environment to reach success when using these activities as pedagogical practices is also pointed out.(AU)

Jugar es una actividad importante para el desarrollo de los niños, porque mejora aspectos cognitivos, emocionales y físicos. Por tanto, los juegos son explorados como recurso educativo. Partiendo de la comprensión de que lo lúdico es un proceso subjetivo, este trabajo analizó la relación con el saber que se establece durante el juego, con el objetivo de comprenderlo en sus dimensiones epistémica, social e identitaria. Se entrevistó a dieciséis estudiantes de quinto grado a partir de un guion basado en el instrumento "balance del saber" propuesto por Bernard Charlot. Las preguntas fueron adaptadas para permitir la aprehensión de lo que los niños dicen que aprenden en sus juegos, enfatizando los que se juegan en las aulas. Los resultados del análisis de contenido realizado mostraron que, a pesar de que existen conflictos sobre cómo se establecen ambas funciones lúdica y educativa cuando se utiliza el juego infantil como recurso pedagógico, los niños pueden identificar beneficios en el proceso de aprendizaje a través del juego. Se señala la necesidad de considerar la condición social del niño en el entorno escolar para alcanzar el éxito al utilizar estas actividades como prácticas pedagógicas.(AU)

O inventário de envolvimento paterno revisado: inclusão de pais com filhos pré-escolares / The inventory of father involvement revised: inclusion of fathers with preschool children / El inventario de envolvimiento paterno revisado: inclusión de padres de preescolares

Apesar da importância do envolvimento paterno, sua avaliação persiste desafiadora. No Brasil, o Inventário de Envolvimento Paterno (IFI-BR) vem se mostrando adequado para uso com pais de crianças de 5 a 10 anos. Entretanto, do ponto de vista do desenvolvimento infantil e de intervenções preventivas, seria importante avaliar o envolvimento paterno quando as crianças são mais novas. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivos: identificar limitações do IFI-BR, quando usado com pais de crianças entre 2 e 10 anos, e avaliar itens para o IFI-BR-revisado. No Estudo 1, 434 pais com filhos no Ensino Infantil ou Fundamental 1 responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico e ao IFI-BR. Com base em análises de dados omissos, estrutura interna e precisão, modificações foram sugeridas, visando à manutenção da estrutura interna original do instrumento. No Estudo 2, 572 pais com filhos na mesma faixa etária responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico e à versão modificada do IFI-BR. Foram comparadas as frequências de dados omissos e estimativas de precisão para os itens originais e modificados, selecionando aqueles que melhor representavam essa amostra de pais para compor a versão revisada do IFI-BR. Esses resultados indicaram evidências adequadas de validade, com base no conteúdo da versão revisada do IFI-BR, quando utilizada para avaliar a qualidade do envolvimento paterno de pais brasileiros com filhos do Ensino Infantil ao Fundamental 1. Após verificadas evidências de validade adicionais, essa versão revisada do IFI-BR poderá ser utilizada, por exemplo, em estudos longitudinais e na avaliação de intervenções precoces com pais.(AU)

Despite the importance assigned to father involvement, evaluating this construct remains a challenge. In Brazil, the Inventário de Envolvimento Paterno (IFI-BR) has showed satisfactory evidence of validity for fathers of children between 5 and 10 years old. From the perspective of child development and preventive interventions, however, evaluating father involvement with younger children is essential. Hence, this study sought to: identify limitations of the IFI-BR for fathers of children between 2 and 10 years old, and evaluate items for a revised IFI-BR. In Study 1, 434 fathers of children in early childhood and primary school settings answered a sociodemographic questionnaire and the IFI-BR. Based on analyses of missing data, internal structure, and reliability, modifications were suggested to maintain the original internal structure. In Study 2, 572 fathers of children in the same age range answered a sociodemographic questionnaire and the modified IFI-BR. After comparison between values for missing data and reliability of the original and modified items, the items that best represented the broader sample of fathers were selected to compose the revised IFI-BR. Results indicated adequate evidence of content validity for the revised IFI-BR when used to assess the involvement of Brazilian fathers with children in early childhood education and primary school settings. After additional evidence has been verified, this revised IFI-BR can be used, for example, in longitudinal studies and to evaluate early interventions with fathers.(AU)

La participación paterna es importante, pero su evaluación sigue siendo desafiadora. En Brasil, el Inventário de Envolvimento Paterno (IFI-BR) demuestra ser adecuado para aplicar a padres de niños de 5 a 10 años de edad. No obstante, desde la perspectiva del desarrollo infantil y de las intervenciones preventivas, sería importante evaluar la participación de los padres de niños más jóvenes. Este estudio tuvo como objetivos: identificar limitaciones del IFI-BR cuando se aplica a padres de niños entre los 2 y 10 años y evaluar ítems para el IFI-BR-revisado. En Estudio 1, 434 padres con hijos en el jardín de infantes o escuela primaria respondieron un cuestionario sociodemográfico y el IFI-BR. Con base en el análisis de datos faltantes, estructura interna y exactitud, se sugirieron modificaciones para mantener la estructura interna original del instrumento. En Estudio 2, 572 padres respondieron un cuestionario sociodemográfico y la versión modificada del IFI-BR. Se compararon las frecuencias de datos faltantes y estimaciones de exactitud para los ítems originales y modificados, seleccionando aquellos que representaban mejor a esta muestra de padres para la versión revisada del IFI-BR. Estos resultados indicaron evidencia adecuada de validez, basada en el contenido de la versión revisada del IFI-BR, cuando se utilizó para evaluar la calidad de la participación de padres brasileños con niños en el jardín de infantes y en la escuela primaria. Después de verificada la evidencia adicional de validez, la versión revisada del IFI-BR se puede utilizar, por ejemplo, en estudios longitudinales y en la evaluación de intervenciones precoz con los padres.(AU)

Psicólogas(os) no sistema educacional de Boa Vista/Roraima: concepções, práticas e desafios / Psychologists in the educational system of Boa Vista/Roraima: conceptions, practices and challenges / Psicólogas(os) en el sistema educativo de Boa Vista/Roraima: concepciones, prácticas y retos

O objeto de estudo deste trabalho é a atuação de psicólogas(os) no campo da educação básica. Tivemos como objetivo investigar as práticas de atuação e os desafios enfrentados pelas(os) psicólogas(os) que trabalham na educação em Boa Vista (RR), com intuito de conhecer a inserção desses profissionais no sistema educacional. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, orientada pelo referencial teórico-metodológico da Psicologia Escolar Crítica. Realizamos o processo de levantamento dos dados entre os meses de março e abril de 2018, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, audiogravadas e transcritas. Encontramos 21 psicólogas e um psicólogo trabalhando em instituições educacionais e de ensino na cidade; a maioria atuava na educação básica; metade dos entrevistados ingressou por concurso público e a outra metade era contratada e comissionada; poucos(as) foram contratados(as) como psicólogos(as) escolares. Para a análise, selecionamos dez psicólogas(os) com mais tempo no cargo. Quanto às práticas de atuação, identificamos que 60% atuavam na modalidade clínica e 40% na modalidade clínica e institucional. Como desafios, encontramos melhoria das condições de trabalho; estabelecimento de relações hierárquicas e a dificuldade de fazer compreender as especificidades desse campo de trabalho; necessidade na melhoria das condições para formação continuada; atuação da(o) psicóloga(o) escolar enquanto ação institucional. Diante do exposto, compreendemos ser necessária uma mudança de paradigma na atuação das(os) psicólogas(os) que trabalham na educação na região, e a apropriação das discussões da área, principalmente, aquelas apresentadas pela Psicologia Escolar Crítica, vez que esta contribui para uma atuação que leve em conta os determinantes sociais, políticos, culturais e pedagógicos que constituem o processo de escolarização.(AU)

This work has as object of study the role of psychologists in the field of Basic Education. We aimed to investigate practices and challenges faced by psychologists who work in education in Boa Vista/RR, to know the insertion of these professionals in the educational system. This is a qualitative research, guided by the theoretical-methodological framework of Critical School Psychology. The data collection process was carried out between March and April 2018, with semi-structured, audio-recorded, and transcribed interviews. We found 21 female psychologists and one male psychologist working in educational institutions in the municipality; most worked in Basic Education; half of the interviewees had applied to work as government employee and the other half were hired and commissioned; few were hired as school psychologists. To carry out the analysis, we selected ten psychologists with more time in the position. Regarding the practices, we have identified that 60% worked in the clinical modality and 40% in the clinical and institutional modality. As challenges, we find the improvement in working conditions; the establishment of hierarchical relationships and the difficulty of making the specificities of this field of work understood; the need to improve conditions for continuing education; the practice of the school psychologist as institutional action. In view of the above, we understand that a paradigm shift in the performance of psychologists working in education in that region is necessary, and the appropriation of discussions in the area, especially those presented by Critical School Psychology, contributes to an action that considers social, political, cultural, and pedagogical determinants that constitute the schooling process.(AU)

Este trabajo tiene como objeto de estudio la actuación profesional de las(os) psicólogas(os) en la educación básica. Su objetivo es investigar las prácticas y retos que enfrentan las(os) psicólogas(os) que trabajan en la educación en Boa Vista, en Roraima (Brasil), con la intención de conocer la inserción de estos profesionales en el sistema educativo. Esta es una investigación cualitativa que se guía por el marco teórico-metodológico de la Psicología Escolar Crítica. Se recopilaron los datos entre los meses de marzo y abril de 2018, mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas, grabadas en audio y después transcritas. Las 21 psicólogas y un psicólogo trabajan en instituciones educativas de la ciudad; la mayoría trabajaba en la educación básica; la mitad de los entrevistados ingresaron mediante concurso público y la otra mitad era contratada y de puesto comisionado; pocos fueron contratados como psicólogos escolares. Para el análisis, se seleccionaron diez psicólogas(os) con más tiempo en el cargo. Con respecto a las prácticas, el 60% trabajaba en la modalidad clínica; y el 40%, en la modalidad clínica e institucional. Los retos son mejora de las condiciones laborales; establecimiento de relaciones jerárquicas y dificultad para comprender las especificidades de este campo de trabajo; necesidad de mejorar las condiciones para la educación continua; y actuación dela (del) psicóloga(o) escolar como acción institucional. En vista de lo anterior, es necesario el cambio de paradigma en la práctica profesional de las(os) psicólogas(os) que trabajan en la educación de la región y la apropiación de las discusiones del área, especialmente las presentadas por la Psicología Escolar Crítica, que contribuye a una acción que tiene en cuenta los determinantes sociales, políticos, culturales y pedagógicos que constituyen el proceso de escolarización.(AU)

Formação em psicologia escolar: implicações para a prática em equipe multiprofissional / The school psychology formation: implications for the practice in multidisciplinary team / Formación en psicología escolar: implicaciones para la práctica en equipo multiprofesional

O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi levantar o perfil sociodemográfico e formativo de psicólogos escolares, e discutir seu impacto nas práticas junto ao coletivo escolar e no trabalho em equipe. No município onde ocorreu a pesquisa, o psicólogo escolar é membro da equipe de especialistas em Educação. Participaram da pesquisa 62 psicólogos que atuam no Ensino Fundamental I, II, e na Educação de Jovens e Adultos. Os participantes responderam um questionário on-line com perguntas abertas e fechadas sobre dados sociodemográficos, de formação e atuação profissional. Realizou-se uma análise qualitativa a partir dos objetivos e itens do instrumento, quais sejam: caracterização do perfil sociodemográfico dos psicólogos escolares, formação acadêmica, atuação em psicologia escolar, atuação em outros campos/áreas da psicologia, e atuação em equipe de especialistas. A média de idade dos profissionais é de 47,46 anos, e apenas um é do sexo masculino. Possuem tempo de atuação de um a 36 anos, e a maioria não possui estágio supervisionado e pós-graduações no campo da psicologia escolar. Parte das equipes que trabalham nas escolas está incompleta, e há uma variabilidade nos dias e horários de reuniões. Reafirma-se que a formação de psicólogos escolares tem repercussões na atuação junto à equipe multidisciplinar, e a importância de intervenções pautadas na perspectiva crítica e psicossocial em Psicologia Escolar. Ademais, conhecer o perfil sociodemográfico e formativo destes profissionais possibilita obter um quadro atualizado sobre o grupo pesquisado e criar estratégias de intervenção que potencializem a atuação desses profissionais junto à equipe de especialistas e demais setores da escola.(AU)

The aim of this research is to identify the sociodemographic and training profile of school psychologists, and discuss their impact on practices within the school collective and the teamwork. In the city where the research took place, the school psychologist is a member of the council's expert team in Education. The research participants included 62 psychologists that work in elementary and intermediate school, and EJA. They answered an open and multiple choice online survey on sociodemographic, formation, and working data. A qualitative analysis was conducted considering its objectives and items, namely: sociodemographic profile, academic education, professional background on school psychology, other psychology fields/ areas, and participation on expert teams. The professionals are 47 and 46 years old, average, only one of them being male. They work in this position from one up to 36 years, and most of them do not have training experience and postgraduate studies in school psychology. Part of the teams working at schools are incomplete, and there is a variability concerning days and hours to team meetings. It is notable that the training profile of psychologists has repercussions in the performance with the multidisciplinary team, and in the importance of interventions based on critical and psychosocial perspectives in School Psychology. Moreover, knowing the sociodemographic and training profile of these professionals allowed us to have an updated chart about the researched group, as well as to create intervention strategies that enhance these professionals' performance within the expert team and other sectors of the school.(AU)

Esta investigación tuvo por objetivo levantar el perfil sociodemográfico y formativo de psicólogos escolares para discutir su impacto en las prácticas junto al colectivo escolar y al trabajo en equipo. En el municipio donde ocurrió la investigación, este profesional es miembro del equipo municipal de especialistas en Educación. Participaron 62 psicólogos que actúan en la educación primaria, secundaria y en la educación para jóvenes y adultos (EJA), y que respondieron a un cuestionario en línea con preguntas abiertas y de opción múltiple sobre datos sociodemográficos, de formación y de actuación profesional. Se realizó un análisis cualitativo según sus objetivos e ítems, o sea: perfil sociodemográfico, formación académica, actuación en Psicología Escolar, en otros campos/áreas de la Psicología o en equipo de especialistas. La edad mediana de los profesionales es de 46-47 años, y solo uno es del sexo masculino. El tiempo de actuación en el área varía entre 1 y 36 años, y la mayoría de los encuestados no tiene formación inicial y posgrado en el campo de la Psicología Escolar. Parte de los equipos que trabajan en las escuelas está incompleta, y existe una variabilidad en los días y horarios de reuniones. Se observó que la formación de los psicólogos escolares tiene repercusiones en la actuación con el equipo multidisciplinario y en la importancia de intervenciones basadas en la perspectiva crítica y psicosocial en Psicología Escolar. Además, conocer su perfil sociodemográfico y formativo posibilita obtener un cuadro actualizado sobre el grupo investigado, además de crear estrategias de intervención que potencialicen la actuación junto al equipo de especialistas y a los demás sectores de la escuela.(AU)

Reflections of the social determinants of health on school children's learning / Reflexiones de los determinantes sociales de la salud sobre el aprendizaje de los escolares / Reflexos dos determinantes sociais da saúde na aprendizagem de crianças escolares

ABSTRACT Objective: understanding the repercussions of the social determinants of health on school children's learning, linked to the public-school network, from the point of view of health and education professionals. Method: qualitative study, participant-action type, articulated to Freire's Research Itinerary, through three moments: Thematic Investigation; Coding and Decoding; Critical Unveiling. The participants were 27 health professionals and 18 education professionals, working in four municipalities of Santa Catarina. Individual interviews and a Culture Circle took place between November 2020 and March 2021. The analysis was developed in the discussions in the Culture Circle, with reflection on the themes. Results: unfavorable living conditions, unhealthy habits, and weak social relationships tend to negatively influence children's school learning. There is a need for the implementation of actions involving the health and education sectors, such as the Health at School Program. Conclusion: the articulated action of health and education professionals on social determinants is the way to promote health and children's school performance, in order to minimize the effects of existing inequities.

RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender los reflejos de los determinantes sociales de la salud en el aprendizaje de los escolares, vinculados a la red pública de enseñanza, desde la perspectiva de los profesionales de la salud y de la educación. Método: estudio cualitativo, de tipo acción-participante, articulado al Itinerario de Investigación de Freire, a través de tres momentos: Investigación temática; codificación y descodificación; desvelamiento crítico. Participaron 27 profesionales de la salud y 18 de la educación, que trabajan en cuatro municipios de Santa Catarina. Entre noviembre de 2020 y marzo de 2021 se celebraron entrevistas individuales y un Círculo de Cultura. El análisis se desarrolló en los debates del Círculo de Cultura, con reflexión sobre los temas. Resultados: las condiciones de vida desfavorables, los hábitos poco saludables y las relaciones sociales débiles tienden a influir negativamente en el aprendizaje escolar de los niños. Es necesario poner en marcha acciones que impliquen a los sectores sanitario y educativo, como el Programa Salud en la Escuela. Conclusión: la acción articulada de los profesionales de la salud y de la educación sobre los determinantes sociales es el camino para promover la salud y el rendimiento escolar de los niños, con el fin de minimizar los efectos de las desigualdades existentes.

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender os reflexos dos determinantes sociais da saúde na aprendizagem de crianças escolares, vinculadas à rede pública de ensino, sob a ótica dos profissionais da saúde e da educação. Método: estudo qualitativo, do tipo ação participante, articulado ao Itinerário de Pesquisa de Freire, percorrendo três momentos: Investigação Temática; Codificação e Decodificação; Desvelamento Crítico. Participaram 27 profissionais da saúde e 18 da educação, atuantes em quatro municípios de Santa Catarina. Realizaram-se entrevistas individuais e um Círculo de Cultura entre novembro de 2020 a março de 2021. A análise desenvolveu-se nas discussões no Círculo de Cultura, com reflexão dos temas. Resultados: as condições de vida desfavoráveis, hábitos pouco saudáveis e as relações sociais frágeis tendem a influenciar negativamente na aprendizagem escolar das crianças. Há necessidade de implementação de ações envolvendo o setor saúde e educação, como o Programa Saúde na Escola. Conclusão a atuação articulada dos profissionais de saúde e educação sobre os determinantes sociais é o caminho para promover saúde e o desempenho escolar infantil, com vistas a minimizar os efeitos das iniquidades existentes.

O Teste de Compreensão Emocional (TEC): estudos psicométricos numa população portuguesa / The Test of Emotional Comprehension (TEC): psychometric studies in a portuguese population / Test de Comprensión Emocional (TEC): estudios psicométricos en una población portuguesa

O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar as vantagens e os contributos em contexto escolar do Teste de Compreensão Emocional (TEC) para a população portuguesa, desenvolvido a partir da versão brasileira, que tem por base o instrumento desenvolvido por Harris, Pons e seus colaboradores. No nosso estudo participaram 766 crianças (381 raparigas), com idades compreendidas entre 3 e 13 anos (M = 7.21, DP = 1.95), de diferentes extratos socioeconómicos. Os resultados mostram que o instrumento tem consistência interna aceitável e que é possível isolar as diferentes fases de desenvolvimento emocional propostas pelos autores. Os componentes que medem relacionam-se com diferentes variáveis importantes em contexto escolar (idade, estatuto socioeconómico, inteligência fluída), e explicam uma parte do rendimento académico e da retenção escolar. (AU)

The aim of this study was to present the advantages and contributions of the Emotional Comprehension Test (ECT) - Brazilian version, based on the instrument developed by Harris, Pons et al., in the school context of the Portuguese population. The sample comprises 766 children (381 girls), aged between 3 to 13 years (M = 7.21, SD = 1.95), from different socioeconomic backgrounds. The results show that the instrument has acceptable internal consistency and that it is possible to identify the different stages of emotional understanding proposed by the authors. The components measured relate to different important variables in school context (age, socioeconomic status, fluid intelligence), and explain part of the academic performance and school retention. (AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue presentar ventajas y aportes en el contexto escolar del Test de Comprensión Emocional (TEC) en la población portuguesa, desarrollado a partir de la versión brasileña, que tiene por base el instrumento desarrollado por Harris, Pons y colaboradores. En nuestro estudio participaron 766 alumnos (381 niñas) con edades comprendidas entre los 3 y 13 años (M = 7.21, DT = 1.95), de diferentes extractos socioeconómicos. Los resultados muestran que el instrumento tiene consistencia interna aceptable y que es posible separar las diferentes etapas de desarrollo emocional propuesta por los autores. Los componentes de medición se relacionan con diferentes variables importantes del contexto escolar (edad, estatuto socioeconómico, inteligencia fluida) y explican una parte del rendimiento académico y de la retención escolar. (AU)

Resilient and low performer students: Personal and family determinants in European countries.

BACKGROUND: Students' academic achievement depends on their personal, family and sociocultural characteristics. This study aims to identify the personal and family factors of European students who do not perform as expected, whether by surpassing expectations (resilient) or by failing to meet them (low performers). METHOD: The sample was composed of 117,539 fourth grade students who completed the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) test, from 23 European Union countries. Academic performance was evaluated via a reading comprehension test. For each country, two binary logistic regression models were used, one for resilient students and the other for low performers. Variables related to the students and their families were used as predictor variables. RESULTS: Significant differences were found between European countries in terms of the proportion of resilient and low performing students. The two variables with the most predictive power were student confidence with reading, and having done early literacy activities. CONCLUSIONS: Students' personal characteristics and family conditions are instrumental in students being considered resilient or low performers.

Quality of life of children with poor school performance: association with hearing abilities and behavioral issues.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the quality of life of children with poor school performance and its association with behavioral aspects and hearing abilities. METHODS: This cross-sectional observational study, developed in a town in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, investigated a random sample of public school children, aged 7-12 years old, who performed poorly in school and received specialized educational assistance. The study comprised two stages: 1) collection of data from parents on their children's health, educational, and socioeconomic profile, and from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; 2) administration of a quality of life evaluation scale to the schoolchildren. For the assessment of auditory function, transient otoacoustic emissions were used and auditory processing was tested. The following tests were used: verbal sequential memory, nonverbal sequential memory, sound localization, dichotic digits, duration pattern test (flute) and random gap detection. The collected data were analyzed using Excel and STATA 11.0 software. Quality of life was considered the response variable. The explanatory variables were grouped for univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis with the level of significance set at 5%. RESULTS: A statistically significant association was found between impaired quality of life, altered pro-social behavior, and the absence of parental complaints about the children's written language development. CONCLUSIONS: Quality of life is impaired in children with poor school performance. The lack of parental complaints about written language and changes in social behavior increased the likelihood of a child having a poor quality of life.

Quality of life of children with poor school performance: association with hearing abilities and behavioral issues / Qualidade de vida de crianças com mau desempenho escolar: associação com as habilidades auditivas e aspectos comportamentais

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to investigate the quality of life of children with poor school performance and its association with behavioral aspects and hearing abilities. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study, developed in a town in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, investigated a random sample of public school children, aged 7-12 years old, who performed poorly in school and received specialized educational assistance. The study comprised two stages: 1) collection of data from parents on their children's health, educational, and socioeconomic profile, and from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; 2) administration of a quality of life evaluation scale to the schoolchildren. For the assessment of auditory function, transient otoacoustic emissions were used and auditory processing was tested. The following tests were used: verbal sequential memory, nonverbal sequential memory, sound localization, dichotic digits, duration pattern test (flute) and random gap detection. The collected data were analyzed using Excel and STATA 11.0 software. Quality of life was considered the response variable. The explanatory variables were grouped for univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis with the level of significance set at 5%. Results: A statistically significant association was found between impaired quality of life, altered pro-social behavior, and the absence of parental complaints about the children's written language development. Conclusions: Quality of life is impaired in children with poor school performance. The lack of parental complaints about written language and changes in social behavior increased the likelihood of a child having a poor quality of life.

RESUMO Investigar a qualidade de vida de crianças de 7 a 12 anos de idade com mau desempenho escolar e a associação com as características comportamentais e habilidades auditivas. Métodos: Estudo observacional transversal realizado com crianças de 7 a 12 anos de idade, com mau desempenho escolar das escolas públicas municipais de uma cidade do interior de Minas Gerais, Brasil, participantes de atendimentos educacionais especializados. Etapas: 1) coleta de informações com os pais sobre a saúde, perfil escolar e socioeconômico e preenchimento do Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; 2) etapa com as crianças para aplicação da Escala de Avaliação da Qualidade de Vida. Para a avaliação da função auditiva foram utilizadas as Emissões Otoacústicas Transientes e a avaliação do processamento auditivo, sendo os testes aplicados: teste de memória de sons verbais em sequência, teste de memória de sons não verbais em sequência, localização sonora, teste dicótico de dígitos, teste de padrão de duração (flauta) e Random Gap Detection. Os dados coletados foram analisados por meio dos programas Excel e STATA 11.0. Foi considerada como variável resposta a qualidade de vida e as variáveis explicativas foram agrupadas para análise de regressão logística uni e multivariada, considerando o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Foi encontrada associação estatística entre qualidade de vida prejudicada, comportamento pró-social alterado e ausência de queixa parental de linguagem escrita. Conclusão: A qualidade de vida está comprometida nas crianças com mau desempenho escolar. A ausência de queixa sobre o desenvolvimento da linguagem escrita e comportamento pró-social alterado aumentaram a chance de a criança apresentar qualidade de vida prejudicada.

Education Policy and Outcomes Within the African American Population.

The educational status among African Americans is a story of continuing achievement and continuing disparities in outcomes. On one hand, there are continuing stories of high academic accomplishments among Black Americans who attend and graduate from high-ranking American institutions of higher education. On the other hand, the continuing gap in educational opportunities and outcomes within Black America is shaping present and future education disparities. This essay examines the impact of recent education policy on education reform and outcomes for African Americans. The dynamic characteristics of the Black American educational experience are discussed. Some attention is given to historical factors that helped shape present-day education reform measures and their impact on the African-American educational experience. Education policy as a public health issue is briefly addressed throughout this article. Suggestions are made for future policy initiatives and advocacy, teaching, and for human-service professionals working with Black children and youth in school settings.

Explaining academic-track boys' underachievement in language grades: Not a lack of aptitude but students' motivational beliefs and parents' perceptions?

BACKGROUND: Boys earn lower grades in languages than girls. The expectancy-value model by Eccles et al. (, A series of books in psychology. Achievement and achievement motives. Psychological and sociological approaches, W.H. Freeman, San Francisco, CA, 76) is a comprehensive theoretical model for explaining gender differences in educational outcomes. In the past, most studies have focused on girls' disadvantage in math and science and on the role of the students' motivational beliefs. AIM: We aimed to explain boys' lower language grades by applying the expectancy-value model while taking into account students' motivational beliefs as well as their aptitude, prior achievement, and socializers' beliefs. In addition, we aimed at exploring the incremental contribution of each potential mediator. SAMPLES: Five hundred and twenty German students (age M = 17 years; 58% female) and 374 parents (age M = 47 years). METHODS: Student-reported ability self-concept (ASC) and task values, parents' perceptions of students' ability, students' prior achievement as reported by schools, and students' verbal intelligence test scores were all tested as mediators of the effect of gender on grades in German while controlling for parents' socioeconomic status. Single-mediator models and a multiple-mediator model were estimated using structural equation modelling. RESULTS: All variables proved to be relevant for explaining boys' underachievement in language grades. Whereas students' ASC, task values, prior achievement, and parents' perceptions mediated the gender effect, verbal intelligence was identified as a suppressor variable increasing the gender effect. CONCLUSIONS: Our results challenge the stereotypic belief that boys' lower grades are due to lower verbal aptitude. Rather, students' motivational beliefs and parents' perceptions seem critical factors. Implications for both future research and practice are discussed.

Associação entre reprovação escolar e aspectos sociais e de saúde em adolescentes de escola pública / Association between school failure and social and health aspects in public school adolescents / Asociación entre el fracaso escolar y los aspectos sociales y de salud en adolescentes de escuelas públicas

Introdução: A reprovação escolar em adolescentes vem sendo objeto de preocupação por parte de profissionais da saúde e da educação, visto que pode comprometer o futuro profissional dos adolescentes, acarretando prejuízos de ordem emocional, psicológica, física e social. Objetivo: Verificar associação entre reprovação escolar e variáveis sociodemográficas, sexuais/reprodutivas, vivência de violência intrafamiliar, bullying e uso de álcool e outras drogas. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa do tipo corte transversal, realizada com 239 discentes com idade entre 10 e 19 anos. Utilizou-se a entrevista como técnica de coleta de dados, seguindo um formulário padronizado. Os dados foram organizados no programa Excel e processados no Stata versão 12. Para verificar associação entre variáveis, realizou-se a análise bivariada através do Teste Qui-quadrado (2) de Pearson. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Escola de Enfermagem da UFBA. Resultados: O estudo permitiu identificar associação positiva e estatisticamente significante entre reprovação escolar e as seguintes variáveis: ter tido relação sexual e consumo de álcool. A pesquisa também aponta uma relação do tipo borderline e bullying direto. Verificou-se ainda que o agravo guarda relação positiva com as seguintes variáveis: raça negra, não proferir religião, trabalhar para contribuir com o sustento da família, gravidez, vivência de violência psicológica, bullying relacional e consumo de maconha. Conclusão: O estudo identificou que ter tido relação sexual e consumir álcool são comportamentos que vulnerabilizam os adolescentes para reprovação escolar, sendo necessárias ações educativas, sobretudo, no sentido de sensibilizar o público infanto-juvenil quanto os malefícios da relação sexual precoce e do consumo de drogas. Além disso, ressalta-se a importância de provocar reflexões acerca da responsabilidade dos adolescentes para a prática sexual segura, considerando o conceito de liberdade com responsabilidade.(AU)

Pérdida de asignaturas en los estudiantes de enfermería: aspectos económicos, familiares y psicosociales / Loss of subjects in nursing students: economical, psychosocial and family related aspects

Introducción: El análisis de las asignaturas predice el desempeño académico y favorece la ejecución de intervenciones para el mejoramiento estudiantil. Objetivo: Evaluar la pérdida de asignaturas y la existencia de factores asociados; tales como los sociodemográficos, académicos, familiares, económicos y de salud, en estudiantes de enfermería de la Universidad Industrial de Santander durante el primer año de su carrera. Métodolos: Estudio de corte transversal analítico, realizado en estudiantes durante su primer año de estudios, a partir de información académica y psicosocial, recogida entre el 2005 y 2012. Se realizó una regresión binomial negativa para identificar los factores relacionados al número de materias no aprobadas. Resultados: 171 (63.33%) estudiantes no aprobaron alguna asignatura y en promedio un estudiante perdió 1,92 materias. La mayor pérdida se encontró en asignaturas de ciencias básicas. Como factores asociados a la disminución del número de materias reprobadas, se identificaron variables como trabajar antes de presentar el examen de estado para el ingreso a la educación superior, nivel educativo de la madre y depresión; en contraste, mayores ingresos, disfunción familiar, ansiedad y uso de cigarrillo, se asociaron a una mayor pérdida de materias. Conclusiones: Las materias de ciencias básicas son factores académicos que influyen en la pérdida de materias de estudiantes de enfermería; igualmente, aspectos familiares como su funcionalidad, ingreso económico, educación de la madre y condiciones psicosociales como depresión, ansiedad y consumo de cigarrillo, pueden afectar el éxito o fracaso en las asignaturas.

Introduction: The analysis of subjects predicts academic performance and promotes the implementation of interventions for student improvement. Objective: To evaluate the loss of subjects and the existence of associated factors such as socio-demographic, academic, family, economic and health in nursing students from the Industrial University of Santander during the first year of their career. Methods: Analytic cross-sectional study, perform in students during their first year of study, from academic and psychosocial information collected between 2005 and 2012. A negative binomial regression was performed to identify factors related to the number of subjects not passed. Results: 171 (63.33%) students did not pass a subject and a student lost an average of 1.92 subjects. The greatest loss was found in basic science subjects. As associated factors with the decrease in the number of subjects failed, variables such as work before presenting the state exam for admission to higher education, educational level of the mother and depression were identified; in contrast, higher income, family dysfunction, anxiety and cigarette use were associated with a greater loss of subjects. Conclusion: The subjects of basic science are academic factors that influence the loss of subjects of nursing students; equally familiar aspects as functionality, income, maternal education and psychosocial conditions such as depression, anxiety and cigarette smoking, can affect the success or failure in the subjects.

Failing securely: The processes and support which underpin English nurse mentors' assessment decisions regarding under-performing students.

BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken in response to concerns that mentors who assessed practical competence were reluctant to fail student nurses which generated doubts about the fitness to practise of some registered nurses. Limited evidence was available about the experiences of mentors who had failed underperforming students and what had helped them to do this. AIM: To investigate what enabled some mentors to fail underperforming students when it was recognised that many were hesitant to do so. METHOD: An ethically approved, grounded theory approach was used to explore thirty-one nurses' experiences of failing student nurses in practical assessments in England. Participants were recruited using theoretical sampling techniques. Semi-structured interviews were conducted. Analysis was undertaken using iterative, constant comparative techniques and reflexive processes. The theoretical framework which emerged had strong resonance with professionals. FINDINGS: Five categories emerged from the findings: (1) Braving the assessment vortex; (2) Identifying the 'gist' of underperformance; (3) Tempering Reproach; (4) Standing up to scrutiny; and (5) Drawing on an interpersonal network. These categories together revealed that mentors needed to feel secure to fail a student nurse in a practical assessment and that they used a three stage decision making process to ascertain if this was the case. Many of the components which helped mentors to feel secure were informal in nature and functioned on goodwill and local arrangements rather than on timely, formal, organisational systems. The mentor's partner/spouse and practice education facilitator or link lecturer were identified as the key people who provided essential emotional support during this challenging experience. CONCLUSION: This study contributes to understanding of the combined supportive elements required for robust practical assessment. It presents a new explanatory framework about how mentors formulate the decision to fail a student nurse and the supportive structures which are necessary for this to occur.

Ethnic and social disparities in different types of examinations in undergraduate pre-clinical training.

Medical schools are increasingly faced with a more diverse student population. Generally, ethnic minority students are reported to underperform compared with those from the ethnic majority. However, there are inconsistencies in findings in different types of examinations. Additionally, little is known about the performance of first-generation university students and about performance differences across ethnic minority groups. This study aimed to investigate underperformance across ethnic minority groups and by first-generation university students in different types of written tests and clinical skills examinations during pre-clinical training. A longitudinal prospective cohort study of progress on a 3-year Dutch Bachelor of Medicine course was conducted. Participants included 2432 students who entered the course over a consecutive 6-year period (2008-2013). Compared with Dutch students, the three non-Western ethnic minority groups (Turkish/Moroccan/African, Surinamese/Antillean and Asian) underperformed in the clinical problem solving tests, the language test and the OSCEs. Findings on the theoretical end-of-block tests and writing skills tests, and results for Western minority students were less consistent. Age, gender, pre-university grade point average and additional socio-demographic variables (including first-generation university student, first language, and medical doctor parent) could explain the ethnicity-related differences in theoretical examinations, but not in language, clinical and writing skills examinations. First-generation university students only underperformed in the language test. Apparently, underperformance differs both across ethnic subgroups and between different types of written and clinical examinations. Medical schools should ensure their assessment strategies create a level playing field for all students and explore reasons for underperformance in the clinical and writing skills examinations.

[Preschool familial environment and academic difficulties: A 10-year follow-up from kindergarten to middle school]. / Facteurs associés aux difficultés scolaires : une étude de suivi de la maternelle à la fin du collège.

The persistence of academic difficulties from childhood through adulthood has led researchers to focus on the identification of the early factors influencing children's subsequent achievement in order to improve the efficient screening of children who might be at risk of school failure. The foundations of academic achievement can be accurately traced back to the preschool years prior to children's entry in formal schooling and are largely influenced by environmental determinants. Importantly, some environmental conditions act as early risk factors undermining children's later academic achievement due to the well-established relation between underachievement and exposure to moderate to high levels of environmental risk. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the longitudinal effects of environment-level factors (sociodemographic and family characteristics) and early risk exposure at kindergarten on children's subsequent academic achievement at the end of middle school (grade 9). The sample of analysis comprised 654 kindergarteners aged 5-6 years (2001-2002 school year) followed through the end of middle school when they were aged 14-15 years (2010-2011 school year). At kindergarten, assessment included questionnaire-based measures of sociodemographic and family background characteristics. These included an original set of information pertaining to family background including parental nationality, education level, history of reading difficulties, type of early childcare, family situation, family size, and language-based bedtime routines, as well as individual-level factors such as children's first language, medical history, language delay, birth weight, age of walking onset, and gestation period. At grade 9, outcome measures were composed of children's results in the national evaluations performed at the end of middle school ("Diplôme National du Brevet"), or history of repetition for a second year of the same class. The results indicated that all family background characteristics at kindergarten were related to later academic outcomes at grade 9. From the original set of family characteristics, parental educational level, family situation, language-based bedtime routines, and type of early childcare significantly predicted later academic achievement at grade 9. Moreover, a multiple risk index score aggregating these specific family characteristics, together with three individual-level factors (gender, medical history, and language delay) was robustly and positively associated with an increased likelihood of school failure at the end of middle school. Unique to our study was the finding relative to the longitudinal association over a 10-year span of language-based bedtime routines with children's academic performance at the end of middle school. These findings underline the importance of including family background information in early surveillance procedures in order to improve the efficient screening of children who might be at risk of academic underachievement. Importantly, some of these contextual factors represent environmental characteristics that can be reversed early in life through appropriate and informed support to families. Moreover, the present work has important implications regarding the early detection of children who are at familial risk of underachievement, allowing the activation and promotion of adequate intervention strategies early in children's educational trajectories.

A relação entre potencial de aprendizagem e desempenho acadêmico: predição pelo teste dinâmico informatizado de raciocínio indutivo para crianças / The relationship between learning potential and academic performance: prediction by the dynamic assessment approach of children's inductive reasoning

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a predição do potencial de aprendizagem do raciocínio indutivo, avaliado pelo Teste Dinâmico Informatizado de Raciocínio Indutivo para Crianças, em relação ao desempenho acadêmico. Participaram do estudo 317 crianças de ambos os sexos, que cursavam da 1ª à 5ª série. A amostra foi submetida à aplicação do Teste Dinâmico, da Prova de Raciocínio Abstrato da Bateria de Provas de Raciocínio Infantil, bem como foi coletada a média final referente às matérias estudadas pelos alunos. Adicionalmente os professores indicaram, segundo sua percepção, os alunos com maior ou menor capacidade para aprender. Os resultados encontrados indicaram diversas correlações positivas, moderadas e baixas, entre o Teste Dinâmico e o desempenho acadêmico. Utilizando a prova de Raciocínio Abstrato efetuou-se uma análise de regressão linear, que apontou validade incremental para o Teste Dinâmico. Por meio desses dados pode-se constatar evidência de validade para o Teste Dinâmico e sua predição para o desempenho acadêmico.

The aim of the study was to verify the predictive power for learning potential in inductive reasoning as assessed by the Dynamic Assessment Approach of children's inductive reasoning regarding academic performance. A total of 317 children, of both genders, from the 1st to 5th grades participated in the study. The sample was submitted to the Dynamic Assessment Approach and Abstract Reasoning subtest of the Test Battery of Child Reasoning. The children's final achievement scores were also collected. Additionally, their teachers indicated, according to their perception, which students were more and less capable of learning. The results indicated several positive correlations, moderate and low, between the Dynamic Assessment Approach and academic performance. A linear regression analysis was performed using Abstract Reasoning, which pointed to incremental validity to the Dynamic Assessment Approach. The data showed evidence of validity of the Dynamic Assessment Approach and its ability to predict academic performance.

Relação entre medidas de Avaliação da Linguagem Escrita em estudantes do Ensino Fundamental / Relationship between measures Assessment of Written Language in the Elementary School students / Relación entre las Medidas de Evaluación de la Lengua Escrita en los Estudiantes de la Escuela Primaria

Este estudo verificou a relação existente entre leitura e escrita de estudantes de ensino fundamental, bem como buscou por evidências de validade convergente-discriminante e de critério concorrente entre os instrumentos empregados. Participaram 519 estudantes, ambos os sexos, entre 7 e 10 anos (M=9,66; DP=1,5), do segundo ao quinto ano de escolas públicas de uma cidade do Recôncavo da Bahia. Os instrumentos aplicados, coletivamente, foram um questionário de identificação dos sujeitos, a técnica de Cloze, a Escala de Avaliação da Escrita (EAVE) e o Reconhecimento de Palavras (EREP). Foi possível constatar validade de construto convergente-discriminante entre os instrumentos, sendo que o Cloze mostrou-se sensível para captar a relação existente entre a aprendizagem da escrita e a compreensão em leitura. Os alunos com baixo desempenho na leitura foram os com pior desempenho na escrita, abarcando uma evidência de validade de critério concorrente para os instrumentos empregados...

This study examined the relationship between reading and writing for elementary students, and searched for evidence of convergent validity, discriminant and concurrent criterion among the instruments used. Five hundred nineteen students participated, both sexes, between 7 and 10 years (M= 9.66, SD=1.5), the second to the fifth year of public schools in a city in the Recôncavo of Bahia. The instruments were collectively applied a questionnaire to identify the subject, the teste de Cloze, the Escala de Avaliação da Escrita (EAVE) and Reconhecimento de Palavras (EREP). It was possible to construct validity convergent- discriminant between the instruments, and the Cloze was sensitive to capture the relationship between the learning of writing and reading comprehension. Students with low reading performance were the worst performers in writing, covering evidence of concurrent criterion validity for the instruments used...

Este estudio examinó la relación entre la lectura y la escritura para estudiantes de primaria, y buscó evidencias de validez, discriminante y concurrente criterio convergente entre los instrumentos utilizados. Quinientos diecinueve estudiantes participaron, ambos sexos, entre 7 y 10 años de (M=9,66, SD=1,5), el segundo al quinto año de las escuelas públicas en una ciudad en el Recôncavo de Bahía. Los instrumentos se aplicaron colectivamente un cuestionario para identificar el tema, la técnica de Cloze, la Escala de Avaliação da Escrita (EAVE) y el Reconhecimento de palavras (EREP). Fue posible construir validez convergente - discriminante entre los instrumentos, y el Cloze era sensible para captar la relación entre el aprendizaje de la escritura y la comprensión de lectura. Los estudiantes con bajo rendimiento de lectura fueron los de peor desempeño en la escritura, que cubre la evidencia de la validez de criterio concurrente de los instrumentos utilizados...

O processo de avaliação-intervenção psicológica e a apropriação do conhecimento: uma discussão com pressupostos da escola de Vigotski / Psychological evaluation-intervention and the appropriation of knowledge: a discussion with the presuppositions of Vygotsky'school / Proceso de evaluación-intervención psicológica y la apropiación del conocimiento: una discusión con presupuestos de la escuela de Vigotski / Le processus de l'évaluation psychologique, l'intervention et de l'appropriation du savoir: une discussion avec des hypothèses de l'école de Vygotski

Queixas de dificuldades na escolarização são frequentes na escola. Em vista de tal problemática, a psicologia escolar tem dedicado vários estudos acerca da avaliação psicológica. Este artigo tem como objetivos relatar o processo de avaliação-intervenção psicológica realizada com um estudante do Ensino Fundamental e apresentar a influência desse processo na aprendizagem, com base nos fundamentos da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural. Abordaremos a relação ensino e aprendizagem, o processo de avaliação psicológica e, na continuidade, relataremos a avaliação realizada, descrevendo as intervenções com professores, pais e estudante. Concluindo, entendemos que, quando iniciamos o processo de avaliação, o entorno escolar e social se modifica, a família e a escola estabelecem outro tipo de relação com o estudante, e as mediações tornam-se diferenciadas, interferindo na apropriação do conhecimento. Consideramos que esta é uma importante dimensão ético-política do trabalho do psicólogo na escolarização...

Complaints of learning difficulties are rather common in the school. In fact, school psychology has devoted several investigations on psychological evaluation. Current paper analyzes the psychological evaluation-intervention undertaken with a primary school student and, based on Historical and Cultural Psychology, demonstrates the influence of the process on learning. The relationship between teaching and learning and the psychological evaluation process are debated. The evaluation under taken is reported and the interventions with teachers, parents and the student described. When the evaluation process starts, the school and social environment changes; the family and the school establish a differently of relationship with the student; mediations become differentiated and interfere in the appropriation of knowledge. We believe that this is an important ethical-political dimension of the work of the psychologists in schooling...

Las quejas de dificultades en la escolarización son frecuentes en la escuela. En razón de tal problemática, la psicología escolar ha dedicado varios estudios acerca de la evaluación psicológica. Este artículo tiene como objetivos relatar el proceso de evaluación-intervención psicológica realizada con un estudiante de la Enseñanza Fundamental y presentar la influencia de ese proceso en el aprendizaje, con base en los fundamentos de la Psicología Histórico-Cultural. Se abordará la relación enseñanza y aprendizaje, el proceso de evaluación psicológica y, en la continuidad, se relatará la evaluación realizada, describiéndose las intervenciones con profesores, padres y estudiante. Concluyendo, entendemos que, cuando se comienza el proceso de evaluación, el entorno escolar y social se modifica, la familia y la escuela comienzan a establecer otro tipo de relación con el estudiante, y las mediaciones se vuelven diferenciadas, interfiriendo en la apropiación del conocimiento. Creemos que esta es una importante dimensión ético-político del trabajo del psicólogo en la educación...

Les plaintes de difficultés à l'école sont fréquentes à l'école. Compte tenu de ces problèmes, la psychologie scolaire a consacré plusieurs études sur l'évaluation psychologique. Cet article vise à décrire le processus de l'évaluation psychologique-intervention effectuée avec un étudiant de l'école élémentaire et de présenter l'influence de ce processus sur l'apprentissage, sur les motifs de la psychologie historique et culturel. Nous allons discuter de la relation entre l'enseignement et l'apprentissage, le processus d'évaluation psychologique et la continuité, rendrons compte de l'évaluation effectuée, décrivant les comprofessores interventions, les parents et les étudiants. En conclusion, nous croyons que lorsque nous avons commencé le processus d'évaluation, l'environnement scolaire et sociale des changements, la famille et l'école d'établir une relation différente avec l'élève, et les médiations se différencier, en interférant avec l'appropriation des connaissances. Nous croyons que cette éthique de travail est-politique la dimension d'un psychologue important dans la scolarité...

Multiple pathways to identification: exploring the multidimensionality of academic identity formation in ethnic minority males.

Empirical trends denote the academic underachievement of ethnic minority males across various academic domains. Identity-based explanations for this persistent phenomenon describe ethnic minority males as disidentified with academics, alienated, and oppositional. The present work interrogates these theoretical explanations and empirically substantiates a multidimensional lens for discussing academic identity formation within 330 African American and Latino early-adolescent males. Both hierarchical and iterative person-centered methods were utilized and reveal 5 distinct profiles derived from 6 dimensions of academic identity. These profiles predict self-reported classroom grades, mastery orientation, and self-handicapping in meaningful and varied ways. The results demonstrate multiple pathways to motivation and achievement, challenging previous oversimplified stereotypes of marginalized males. This exploratory study triangulates unique interpersonal and intrapersonal attributes for promoting healthy identity development and academic achievement among ethnic minority adolescent males.