Can carbon reduction policies promote sustainable construction development? Evidence from China's green building market.

Carbon emissions have become a global challenge, and China, as the world's largest developing country, has a serious emissions problem. Developing green buildings is an important way of reducing carbon emissions. China's low-carbon city pilot policy may be an effective way of promoting green building development and reducing these emissions. This study uses the low carbon city pilot policy as a quasi-natural experiment and employs the staggered difference-in-differences method to investigate its impact on green building development. The results show that the low-carbon city pilot policy promotes green building development, and this policy promotes it by enhancing regional green innovation capacity, improving green total factor productivity at the firm and regional levels, and reducing the financing constraints of firms in the construction and real estate sectors. In addition, the promotion effect of the policy on green building development is stronger in western and non-resource-based regions and large-scale cities in China. This study contributes to the literature related to environmental policy, green building, and carbon emissions and supports the promotion of green building development and the reduction of carbon emissions.

Biomolecular budget of persistent, microbial-derived soil organic carbon: The importance of underexplored pools.

The details of how soil microorganisms contribute to stable soil organic carbon pools are a pressing knowledge gap with direct implications for soil health and climate mitigation. It is now recognized that microbial necromass contributes substantially to the formation of stable soil carbon. However, the quantification of necromass in soils has largely been limited to model molecules such as aminosugar biomarkers. The abundance and chemical composition of other persistent microbial residues remain unresolved, particularly concerning how these pools may vary with microbial community structure, soil texture, and management practices. Here we use yearlong soil incubation experiments with an isotopic tracer to quantify the composition of persistent residues derived from microbial communities inhabiting sand or silt dominated soil with annual (corn) or perennial (switchgrass) monocultures. Persistent microbial residues were recovered in diverse soil biomolecular pools including metabolites, proteins, lipids, and mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM). The relative abundances of microbial contributions to necromass pools were consistent across cropping systems and soil textures. The greatest residue accumulation was not recovered in MAOM but in the light density fraction of soil debris that persisted after extraction by chemical fractionation using organic solvents. Necromass abundance was positively correlated with microbial biomass abundance and revealed a possible role of cell wall morphology in enhancing microbial carbon persistence; while gram-negative bacteria accounted for the greatest contribution to microbial-derived carbon by mass at one year, residues from gram-positive Actinobacteria and Firmicutes showed greater durability. Together these results offer a quantitative assessment of the relative importance of diverse molecular classes for generating durable soil carbon.

Assessment of soil fertility and nutrient management strategies in calcareous soils of Khuzestan province: a case study using the Nutrient Index Value method.

Soil fertility (SF) is a crucial factor that directly impacts the performance and quality of crop production. To investigate the SF status in agricultural lands of winter wheat in Khuzestan province, 811 samples were collected from the soil surface (0-25 cm). Eleven soil properties, i.e., electrical conductivity (EC), soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), calcium carbonate equivalent (CCE), available phosphorus (Pav), exchangeable potassium (Kex), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and soil pH, were measured in the samples. The Nutrient Index Value (NIV) was calculated based on wheat nutritional requirements. The results indicated that 100%, 93%, and 74% of the study areas for CCE, pH, and EC fell into the low, moderate, and moderate to high NIV classes, respectively. Also, 25% of the area is classified as low fertility (NIV < 1.67), 75% falls under medium fertility (1.67 < NIV value < 2.33), and none in high fertility (NIV value > 2.33). Assessment of the mean wheat yield (AWY) and its comparison with NIV showed that the highest yield was in the Ramhormoz region (5200 kg.ha-1), while the lowest yield was in the Hendijan region (3000 kg.ha-1) with the lowest EC rate in the study area. Elevated levels of salinity and CCE in soils had the most negative impact on irrigated WY, while Pav, TN, and Mn availability showed significant effects on crop production. Therefore, implementing SF management practices is essential for both quantitative and qualitative improvement in irrigated wheat production in Khuzestan province.

How can low-carbon help high-quality urban development?-Empirical evidence from low-carbon city pilot policies.

High-quality development is the paramount task for comprehensively building a socialist modernized country. The low-carbon city pilot policy, with cities as the unit of action, provides new opportunities for high-quality economic transformation. Based on panel data from 261 cities between 2005 and 2018, this study calculates the level of high-quality economic development in Chinese cities, constructs a multi-period difference-in-differences model, analyzes the impact of the low-carbon city pilot policy on high-quality economic development, and explores the policy's heterogeneous effects on high-quality development in different types of cities and its transmission mechanism. The research findings show that the low-carbon city pilot policy can significantly promote high-quality economic development in cities and has heterogeneous effects in terms of regional differences, city types, and city scale. The effects are relatively greater in the eastern region, non-resource-based cities, and mega-cities. The low-carbon city pilot policy promotes high-quality economic development through mechanisms such as technological progress effects, resource agglomeration effects, and government action improvement effects. Combining theoretical analysis with empirical results, this study proposes policy recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of the low-carbon city pilot policy in promoting high-quality development.

Can low-carbon cities pilot policy promote enterprise sustainable development? Quasi-experimental evidence from China.

With the predicament of sustainable improvement in traditional cities, the low-carbon city pilot policy (LCCPP), as a novel development mode, provides thinking for resolving the tensions of green development, resource conservation and environmental protection among firms. Using Chinese A-share listed companies panel data during 2007-2019, this study adopts the difference-in-differences model to explore the impact of LCCPP on firm green innovation. Based on theoretical analysis, LCCPP-driven environmental rules have the impact of encouraging business green innovation. The relationship between LCCPP and green innovation is strengthened by external media attention and organizational redundancy resources. The mechanism study shows that the incentive effect of LCCPP on firm green innovation is mainly due to the improvement of enterprises' green total factor productivity and financial stability. In addition, the heterogeneity analysis shows that the LCCPP has significantly positive effects in promoting green innovation in high-carbon industries and state-owned enterprises. This research contributes to the understanding of city-level low-carbon policies as a driving force for corporate green innovation, offering practical implications for policymakers and businesses striving for sustainability.

Optimal power-heat-carbon scheduling strategy for interconnected heterogeneous multi-microgrid considering hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.

The scale of multi-microgrid (MMG) and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs) is increasing dramatically with the increase in the new energy penetration ratio, and developing an integrated energy system containing a multi-microgrid for hydrogen fuel vehicles brings great challenges to power grid operation. Focusing on the difficulties of the access of multiple microgrids for the low-carbon and economic operation of the system, this paper proposes an optimal interconnected heterogeneous multi-microgrid power-heat-carbon scheduling strategy for hydrogen-fueled vehicles. Firstly, an HFCV model is established, and then an optimal scheduling model is constructed for the cooperative trading of power-heat-carbon in a multi-microgrid, on the basis of which the low-carbon economic operation of the multi-microgrid is realized. The results of the case study show that the scheduling strategy in this paper reduces carbon emissions by about 7.12% and costs by about 3.41% compared with the independent operation of the multi-microgrid. The degrees of interaction of each multi-microgrid are also analyzed under different HFCV penetration rates.

The agricultural carbon reduction effect of digital rural construction under the dual carbon target.

The exploration of the agricultural carbon emission reduction effect of digital rural construction offers a promising path towards achieving dual carbon goals. This study establishes an evaluation system for digital rural construction and analyzes its impact on agricultural carbon emissions using various creative techniques including panel fixed effects, mediation effects, threshold effects, and spatial Durbin models based on provincial panel data from 2011 to 2021.It is found that: (1) The impact of digital rural construction on agricultural carbon emissions exhibits a "inverted U-shaped" pattern, with a nonlinear effect on emissions through promoting agricultural green total factor productivity and adjusting agricultural structure.(2) Digital rural construction has both promoting and inhibiting effects on agricultural carbon emissions, both locally and in adjacent areas. It also demonstrates a threshold effect, with rural human capital as the sole threshold. Once the threshold value 8.830 is surpassed, the agricultural carbon emission reduction effect becomes prominent.(3)Digital rural construction has a dual effect on local agricultural carbon emissions in terms of both promoting and then restraining the emissions, which has a spatial spill-over effect in the neighboring areas. This study contributes to our understanding of carbon reduction pathways by highlighting the comprehensive utilization of digital rural construction and expanding research on the dynamic context of its impact on carbon emissions.

Research on the spatial effect of digital economy development on urban carbon reduction.

Cities are one of the main sources of regional carbon emissions, and reducing urban carbon emission is the key to reducing emissions. The digital economy has transformed the economic operation mode, and it is a significant approach to support the "dual carbon goals" (carbon peaking and carbon neutrality). This article considers the externalities of the digital economy and carbon emissions. And we use spatial econometric models to analyze the effectiveness of digital economy in empowering carbon emissions reduction. Besides, we explore the static and dynamic spillover effects, and use spatial Durbin panel quantile model to analyze the digital economy's heterogeneity on carbon emissions. Research has shown that the digital economy has a remarkable carbon reduction effect, and the conclusion remains valid after considering robustness tests such as replacing the weight matrices, calculation methods, and proxy variables. The analysis of static and dynamic spillover effects indicates that the degree of the digital economy's impact on carbon emissions are significantly different. Heterogeneity analysis shows that as the digital economy develops from a low level to a high level, its impact on carbon emissions also shifts from positive promotion to negative suppression. This paper proposes a policy reference to help the development of digital economy and promote carbon neutrality in the face of severe environmental challenges.

[Spatio-temporal Variation in NEP in Ecological Zoning on the Loess Plateau and Its Driving Factors from 2000 to 2021].

Net ecosystem productivity (NEP) is an important index for the quantitative evaluation of carbon sources and sinks in terrestrial ecosystems. Based on MOD17A3 and meteorological data, the vegetation NEP was estimated from 2000 to 2021 in the Loess Plateau (LP) and its six ecological subregions of the LP (loess sorghum gully subregions:A1, A2; loess hilly and gully subregions:B1, B2; sandy land and agricultural irrigation subregion:C; and earth-rock mountain and river valley plain subregion:D). Combined with the terrain, remote sensing, and human activity data, Theil-Sen Median trend analysis, correlation analysis, multiple regression residual analysis, and geographic detector were used, respectively, to explore the spatio-temporal characteristics of NEP and its response mechanism to climate, terrain, and human activity. The results showed that:① On the temporal scale, from 2000 to 2021 the annual mean NEP of the LP region (in terms of C) was 104.62 g·(m2·a)-1. The annual mean NEP for both the whole LP and each of the ecological subregions showed a significant increase trend, and the NEP of the LP increased by 6.10 g·(m2·a)-1 during the study period. The highest growth rate of the NEP was 9.04 g·(m2·a)-1, occurring in the A2 subregion of the loess sorghum gully subregions. The subregion C had the lowest growth rate of 2.74 g·(m2·a)-1. Except for the C subregion, all other ecological subregions (A1, A2, B1, B2, and D) were carbon sinks. ② On the spatial scale, the spatial distribution of annual NEP on the LP was significantly different, with the higher NEP distribution in the southeast of the LP and the lower in the northwest of the LP. The high carbon sink area was mainly distributed in the southern part of the loess sorghum gully subregions, and the carbon source area was mainly distributed in the northern part of the loess sorghum gully subregions and most of the C subregion. The high growth rate was mainly distributed in the central and the southern part of the A2 subregion and the southwest part of the B2 subregion. ③ Human activities had the greatest influence on the temporal variation in NEP in the LP and all the ecological subregions, with the correlation coefficient between human activity data and NEP being above 0.80, and the relative contribution rates of human factors was greater than 50%. The spatial distribution was greatly affected by meteorological factors, among which the precipitation and solar radiation were the main factors affecting the spatial changes in the NEP of the LP. The temporal and spatial variations in the NEP in the LP were influenced by natural and human social factors. To some extent, these results can provide a reference for the terrestrial ecosystem in the LP to reduce emissions and increase sinks and to achieve the goal of double carbon.

Spirulina-based carbon materials as adsorbents for drinking water taste and odor control: Removal efficiency and assessment of cyto-genotoxic effects.

The sensory quality of drinking water, and particularly its taste and odor (T&O) is a key determinant of consumer acceptability, as consumers evaluate water by their senses. Some of the conventional treatment processes to control compounds which impart unpleasant T&O have limitations because of their low efficiency and/or high costs. Therefore, there is a great need to develop an effective process for removing T&O compounds without secondary concerns. The primary objective of this study was to assess for the first time the effectiveness of spirulina-based carbon materials in removing geosmin (GSM) and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) from water, two commonly occurring natural T&O compounds. The efficiency of the materials to remove environmentally relevant concentrations of GSM and 2-MIB (ng L-1) from ultrapure and raw water was investigated using a sensitive headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC/MS) method. Moreover, the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of the spirulina-based materials were assessed for the first time to evaluate their safety and their potential in the treatment of water for human consumption. Based on the results, spirulina-based materials were found to be promising for drinking water treatment applications, as they did not exert geno-cytotoxic effects on human cells, while presenting high efficiency in removing GSM and 2-MIB from water.

Greenhouse gases emissions and carbon budget estimation in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands with different plant species.

Constructed wetlands (CWs) are pivotal for wastewater treatment due to their high efficiency and numerous advantages. The impact of plant species and diversity on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from CWs requires a more comprehensive evaluation. Moreover, controversial perspectives persist about whether CWs function as carbon sinks or sources. In this study, horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) CWs vegetated with Cyperus alternifolius, Typhae latifolia, Acorus calamus, and the mixture of these three species were constructed to evaluate pollutant removal efficiencies and GHG emissions, and estimate carbon budgets. Polyculture CWs can stably remove COD (86.79 %), NH4+-N (97.41 %), NO3--N (98.55 %), and TP (98.48 %). They also mitigated global warming potential (GWP) by suppressing N2O emissions compared with monoculture CWs. The highest abundance of the Pseudogulbenkiania genus, crucial for denitrification, was observed in polyculture CWs, indicating that denitrification dominated in nitrogen removal. While the highest nosZ copy numbers were observed in CWs vegetated with Cyperus alternifolius, suggesting its facilitation of denitrification-related microbes. Selecting Cyperus alternifolius to increase species diversity is proposed for simultaneously maintaining the water purification capacity and reducing GHG emissions. Carbon budget estimations revealed that all four types of HSSF CWs were carbon sinks after six months of operation, with carbon accumulation capacity of 4.90 ± 1.50 (Cyperus alternifolius), 3.31 ± 2.01 (Typhae latifola), 1.78 ± 1.30 (Acorus calamus), and 2.12 ± 0.88 (polyculture) kg C/m2/yr. This study implies that under these operation conditions, CWs function as carbon sinks rather than sources, aligning with carbon peak and neutrality objectives and presenting significant potential for carbon reduction efforts.

Urban roadside greenery as a carbon sink: Systematic assessment considering understory shrubs and soil respiration.

Roadside greenery is an efficient strategy for maximizing ecosystem services, including carbon sequestration in urban settings. However, the quantification of carbon sequestration is not comprehensive because understory shrubs and soil respiration have not been thoroughly considered. We developed an integrated methodology that combined field measurements and greenhouse incubation to comprehensively assess carbon sequestration in roadside greenery systems. The system was defined as an 8 m long section comprising a single tree (Zelkova serrata), 79 shrubs (Euonymus japonicus), and soil. Annual carbon uptake by a tree was estimated using an allometric equation derived from an official government report. For shrubs, carbon uptake was measured in the field by monitoring CO2 concentration change in the chamber enclosing the leaves and stems. Annual carbon uptake by shrubs was estimated by using the regression equation among carbon uptake, air temperature, and photosynthetically active radiation. We also estimated shrub root respiration by combining net primary production (NPP) from the greenhouse incubation and measured pruning effect in the field. This enabled us to differentiate heterotrophic respiration from the total soil respiration. The overall methodology accurately assessed net ecosystem production (NEP) from the roadside greenery system, which is 0.528 kg C m-2 yr-1. If this figure is extended to all roads in the target city, it can offset daily carbon emitted from the total registered passenger vehicles in the target city. Considering that shrubs sequester an amount equivalent to 29.3 % of the carbon sequestered by tree species, the current greenhouse gas inventory should include shrubs as an important carbon sink. As we also revealed that roadside soil has high carbon vulnerability, proper soil management is needed to enhance NEP. Our systematic approach evaluating the carbon balance within the roadside greenery system can be applied to other cities, contributing to enhance global understanding of urban carbon cycle.

What influences the performance of carbon emissions in China?-Research on the inter-provincial carbon emissions' conditional configuration impacts.

The severe global warming issue currently threatens humans' existence and development. Countries and international organizations have effectively implemented policies to reduce carbon emissions and investigate low-carbon growth strategies. Reducing carbon emissions is a hot topic that academics and government policy-making departments are concerned about.Through necessary condition analysis (NCA) and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis(fsQCA), this paper investigates local governments' configuration linkage effect and path choice to improve carbon emission performance from six dimensions: energy consumption, industrial structure, technological innovation, government support, economic development, and demographic factors. The research findings include the following: (1) Individual condition does not represent necessary conditions for the government's carbon performance. Among the two sets of second-order equivalence configurations(S and Q) (five high-level carbon performance configurations), those dominated by economic development or low energy consumption can produce high-level carbon performance. Therefore, the six antecedent conditions dimensions work together to explain how the government can create high levels of carbon performance. (2)According to the regional comparison, China's eastern, central, and western regions exhibit similarities and differences in the driving forces behind high carbon emission performance. All three regions can demonstrate carbon emission performance when all the factors are combined. However, when constrained by the conditions of each region's resource endowment, the eastern region emphasizes the advantage of economic and technological innovation, the central region favors government support and demographic factors, and the western region prefers upgrading industrial structure based on a specific level of economic development.

Ectoine production from a novel bacterial strain and high-purity purification with a cost-effective and single-step method.

This study marks the exploration into the production of ectoine, a valuable compound with significant potential as an antioxidant, osmoprotectant, anti-inflammatory agent, and stabilizer of cell membranes, proteins, and DNA integrity. Our focus centred on investigating the presence of ectoine and optimizing its production by the novel ectoine producer bacterial strain, Piscibacillus halophilus. For the optimization of ectoine production the effects of carbon and nitrogen sources, salt, pH, agitation and incubation period were optimized by one-factor-at-a-time. We started with an initial ectoine content of 46.92 mg/L, and through a series of optimization processes, we achieved a remarkable increase, resulting in an ectoine content of 1498.2 mg/L. The bacterial species P. halophilus achieved its highest ectoine production after 48 h of incubation, with conditions set at 10 % (w/v) salinity, pH of 7.50, and an agitation speed of 160 rpm. These precise conditions were found to be the most favourable for maximizing ectoine production by this strain. Besides, we have achieved successful purification of ectoine from the crude extract through a streamlined single-step process. This purification method has delivered an exceptional level of purity, surpassing 99.15 %, and an impressive yield of over 99 %. Importantly, we accomplished this using readily available and cost-effective strong acids (HCl) and strong bases (NaOH) to arrange pH gradients. The use of acid and base in the purification process of ectoine reflects an innovative and sustainable methodology.

Analyzing the spatiotemporal pattern of the decoupling degree between carbon metabolism and economic development in village and town units.

In the context of green and sustainable development and rural revitalization, analysis of the relationship between economic development and the evolution of carbon metabolism is of great significance for China's future transformation of development models. This study analyzed the spatial characteristics and spatiotemporal evolution pattern of the decoupling status between carbon metabolism and economic development of Laiwu during two periods from 2001 to 2018 at the village and town unit scales by using the Tapio decoupling model. The results showed that the growth rate of carbon metabolism from 2001 to 2009 was significantly higher than that from 2009 to 2018. The spatial heterogeneity of the decoupling states between economic development and carbon metabolism from 2009 to 2018 was significantly stronger than that from 2001 to 2009 in two units. From 2001 to 2018, the development trend gradually trended towards spatial imbalance. The decoupling status between villages and towns had a high degree of consistency from 2001 to 2009 and inconsistency from 2009 to 2018. From 2001 to 2009, the decoupling status of about 78% of villages was consistent with that of towns. Moreover, from 2009 to 2018, the consistency reduced to 32.2%, and the decoupling status of about 48% of villages was weaker than that of towns. According to the reclassification results of different decoupling state change types, from 2001 to 2018, about 52.2% of the villages had a decoupling state evolution type of eco-deteriorated economic development, which is an unsatisfactory development trend in a short time. Moreover, about 12.1% of the villages had a decoupling state evolution type of eco-improved economic development, which is a satisfactory development trend.

Charting a sustainable tomorrow: Advancing urban low-carbon economies through comprehensive evaluation and promotion.

With the world population growth, energy consumption and the rapid development of industrial economy, a large amount of carbon emissions has brought destruction and threats to the earth's environment on which human beings depend. The development of low-carbon economy has become the consensus of governments all over the world and has been vigorously advocated & promoted. This paper focuses on the top five global GDP nations in 2022: The United States, China, Japan, Germany, and Britain. A comprehensive evaluation index system of urban low-carbon economic development level is constructed from four dimensions: economic development level, environmental quality, energy consumption emission intensity and social development speed by using literature review and field interview. The evaluation measures are determined using the TOPSIS evaluation method with entropy weight and the grey relational model, providing a comprehensive assessment of the low-carbon economy's development level in these five countries." Judging from the comprehensive evaluation score, the overall development of low-carbon economy in American cities is in good condition and has reached the development standard of low-carbon economy; Germany and Japan rank second and third, and they are low-carbon economies. Britain ranks fourth in comprehensive evaluation, although it belongs to a low-carbon economy country, but there is still a certain gap with Germany and Japan; There is still a big gap between China and the other four countries. Based on the measurement and evaluation outcomes, it presents recommendations and strategies to foster the growth of low-carbon economies, offering valuable insights for the advancement of such economies across different nations. The research results guide countries all over the world to reduce carbon emissions in the process of economic development, protect the earth environment on which human beings depend, and make a better tomorrow for sustainable development.

Nano-scaled polyacrylonitrile for industrialization of nanofibers with photoluminescence and microbicide performance.

Nanofibers are investigated to be superiorly applicable in different purposes such as drug delivery systems, air filters, wound dressing, water filters, and tissue engineering. Herein, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is thermally treated for autocatalytic cyclization, to give optically active PAN-nanopolymer, which is subsequently applicable for preparation of nanofibers through solution blow spinning. Whereas, solution blow spinning is identified as a process for production of nanofibers characterized with high porosity and large surface area from a minimum amounts of polymer solution. The as-prepared nanofibers were shown with excellent photoluminescence and microbicide performance. According to rheological properties, to obtain spinnable PAN-nanopolymer, PAN (12.5-15% wt/vol, honey like solution, 678-834 mPa s), thermal treatment for 2-4 h must be performed, whereas, time prolongation resulted in PAN-nanopolymer gelling or rubbering. Size distribution of PAN-nanopolymer (12.5% wt/vol) is estimated (68.8 ± 22.2 nm), to reflect its compatibility for the production of carbon nanofibers with size distribution of 300-400 nm. Spectral mapping data for the photoluminescent emission showed that, PAN-nanopolymer were exhibited with two intense peaks at 498 nm and 545 nm, to affirm their superiority for production of fluorescent nanofibers. The microbial reduction % was estimated for carbon nanofibers prepared from PAN-nanopolymer (12.5% wt/vol) to be 61.5%, 71.4% and 81.9%, against S. aureus, E. coli and C. albicans, respectively. So, the prepared florescent carbon nanofibers can be potentially applicable in anti-infective therapy.

Green finance, green development and decarbonization of the energy consumption structure.

Energy plays a crucial role in global economic development, but it also contributes significantly to CO2 emissions. China has proposed a "dual-carbon" goal, and a key aspect to achieving this objective is finding effective ways to promote the decarbonization of the energy consumption structure (DECS). Compared with traditional finance, green finance is pivotal in advancing green and low-carbon development. However, the mechanism through which green finance impacts DECS has not been thoroughly explored. This study employs an enhanced weighted multi-dimensional vector angle method, which is more systematic and scientific, to measure DECS. Then, dynamic panel data from 30 provinces in China spanning the years 2003 to 2020 are used. A double fixed-effects model is applied to investigate the impact of green finance on the DECS and identify potential pathways. Results reveal that green finance significantly enhances DECS, primarily by reinforcing green development. The critical impact pathway involves the promotion of green technology innovation and green industry development. Moreover, the enhancing effect of green finance on the DECS is considerably significant in regions with relatively low government spending on science and technology (S&T), and where the focus is not on the "Atmospheric Ten" policy. The measurement of DECS is innovative, and the conclusions derived from it can offer compelling evidence for various social stakeholders. The government has the opportunity to establish a green financial system, supporting green technological innovation and the development of green industries. This approach can accelerate the DECS and work toward achieving the "double carbon" goal at an earlier date.

Clean energy transition and climate vulnerabilities: A comparative analysis of European and non-European developed countries.

Currently, the world faces an existential threat of climate change, and every government across the globe is trying to come up with strategies to tackle the severity of climate change in every way possible. To this end, the use of clean energy rather than fossil fuel energy sources is critical, as it can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and pave the way for carbon neutrality. This study examines the impact of the energy cleanability gap on four different climate vulnerabilities, such as ecosystem, food, health, and housing vulnerabilities, considering 47 European and non-European high-income countries. The study considers samples from 2002 to 2019. This study precedes the empirical analysis in the context of a quadratic relationship between the energy cleanability gap and climate vulnerability. The study uses system-generalized methods of the moment as the main technique, while panel quantile regression is a robustness analysis. Fixed effect and random effect models have also been incorporated. The study finds that the energy cleanability gap and all four climate vulnerabilities demonstrate a U-shaped relationship in both European and non-European countries, implying that when the energy cleanability gap increases, climate vulnerability decreases, but after reaching a certain threshold, it starts to increase. Development expenditure is found to be negatively affecting food and health vulnerabilities in European nations, while it increases food vulnerability and decreases health vulnerability in non-European nations. Regarding industrialization's impact on climate vulnerabilities, the study finds opposite effects for the European and non-European economies. On the other hand, for both groups, trade openness decreases climate vulnerabilities. Based on these results, the study recommends speeding up the energy transition process from fossil fuel energy resources towards clean energy resources to obtain carbon neutrality in both European and non-European groups.

Political factors, carbon emissions, and life expectancy in India: Implications for the Sustainable Development Goal 3.

This study examines the nexus among political factors, carbon emissions, and life expectancy between 1990 and 2020 in India. Data for this study was extracted from the World Bank Development indicators, after which it was subjected to econometrics analysis. The results showed that on averages, between 1990 and 2020, India experienced a life expectancy around 65 years. Fossil fuel energy consumption represents a small proportion of total energy consumption in India. However, carbon emissions and life expectancy have a positive and significant relationship. Fossil fuel usage and life expectancy possess a significantly positive relationship (FFEC = 0.044128, P-value = 0.0023) Moreover, government effectiveness and life expectancy have a significant direct relationship. Political stability and life expectancy have a significant negative relationship in the country. We conclude that policymakers in India should ensure that carbon emissions and fossil fuel usage in India do not pose a threat to life expectancy. Efforts should be put in place by policymakers in India to increase life expectancy , a strategic component of SDG 3- good health and well being for all at all ages, by ensuring stable political climate, good governance and efficient health enhanced public policies.

Cette étude examine le lien entre les facteurs politiques, les émissions de carbone et l'espérance de vie entre 1990 et 2020 en Inde. Les données de cette étude ont été extraites des indicateurs de développement de la Banque mondiale, après quoi elles ont été soumises à une analyse économétrique. Les résultats ont montré qu'en moyenne, entre 1990 et 2020, l'Inde a connu une espérance de vie d'environ 65 ans. La consommation d'énergie fossile représente une petite proportion de la consommation totale d'énergie en Inde. Cependant, les émissions de carbone et l'espérance de vie ont une relation positive et significative. L'utilisation de combustibles fossiles et l'espérance de vie possèdent une relation significativement positive (FFEC = 0,044128, valeur P = 0,0023). De plus, l'efficacité du gouvernement et l'espérance de vie ont une relation directe significative. La stabilité politique et l'espérance de vie ont une relation négative significative dans le pays. Nous concluons que les décideurs politiques indiens devraient veiller à ce que les émissions de carbone et l'utilisation de combustibles fossiles en Inde ne constituent pas une menace pour l'espérance de vie. Des efforts devraient être mis en place par les décideurs politiques indiens pour augmenter l'espérance de vie, une composante stratégique de l'ODD 3 - bonne santé et bien-être pour tous à tout âge, en garantissant un climat politique stable, une bonne gouvernance et des politiques publiques efficaces et améliorées en matière de santé.