RESUMO
This study examined the roles of neighborhood social cohesion, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and parenting stress in early childhood on child behavioral outcomes in middle childhood and adolescence among socioeconomically disadvantaged Black families. To test a model linking perceptions of neighborhood social cohesion, single mothers' parenting stress, ACEs, and behavior problems in middle childhood and adolescence. We used four waves of longitudinal data from a subsample of 800 unmarried Black mothers and their children (at child birth and ages 3, 5, 9, and 15) from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a nationally representative data set. Structural equation modeling with latent variables was used to measure direct and indirect effects. Mothers' perceptions of neighborhood social cohesion were significantly and negatively associated parenting stress (ß = -0.34, p < 0.05); parenting stress was significantly and positively related to adverse childhood experiences (ß = 0.40, p < 0.05) and behavior problems (ß = 0.32, p < 0.05); Adverse childhood experiences were significantly and positively related to behavior problems (ß = 0.26, p < 0.05); and behavior problems were indirectly influenced by neighborhood social cohesion through adverse childhood experiences (ß = -0.14, p < 0.05) and parenting stress (ß = 0.10, p < 0.05). Neighborhood factors may play a significant role in parenting stress, adverse childhood experiences in early childhood, and children's behavior problems in middle childhood and adolescence among some single mothers and children in economically and socially disadvantaged Black families. Interventions that enhance neighborhood social cohesion and foster supportive interactions among community members and organizations are recommended.
Assuntos
Experiências Adversas da Infância , Comportamento Problema , Feminino , Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Poder Familiar , Coesão Social , MãesRESUMO
Although various social factors can significantly impact creative performance, it is still unclear how social cohesion (i.e., how close we feel to others) influences creativity. We therefore conducted two studies exploring the association between social cohesion and creativity within the domain of musical improvisation, a prime example of creative performance, which usually plays out in social contexts. The first study (n = 58 musical novices) showed that music-induced synchrony facilitates social cohesion. In our second study (n = 18 musical novices), we found that in two out of three experimental conditions, increased social cohesion is associated with less creative musical outcomes, as rated by nine expert musicians. In our subsequent analysis we related measures of social cohesion and creativity. This approach highlights how, within a musical setting, creativity unfolds in the context of social contingencies as social cohesion and related factors.
Assuntos
Encéfalo , Música , Coesão Social , Criatividade , EmoçõesRESUMO
Collective efficacy is the process by which social cohesion is activated as informal social control. Mutual efficacy, the perceived capability of the community, mediates the relationship between the two constructs. Interventions based on collective efficacy have a positive impact on individuals but are limited in their ability to affect the broader community. A possible explanation for this finding is that community-level theories operate differently at the individual and neighborhood levels. The present study contributes to the literature by testing the multilevel factor structure of social cohesion, mutual efficacy, and informal social control. Findings suggest that multiple-factor structures demonstrate adequate model fit. However, the three-factor model is most consistent with social work theory and practice. Social workers can foster constructive dialogue to build social cohesion, authentically engage residents to build mutual efficacy, and train residents in skills necessary to institute informal social control.
Assuntos
Coesão Social , Serviço Social , Humanos , Características de Residência , Controles Informais da Sociedade , AutoeficáciaRESUMO
Food is a basic human need, yet a significant proportion of older Canadian adults are vulnerable to food insecurity. The health risks associated with aging make food insecurity among this subgroup a critical policy issue. In Canada, policy solutions to food insecurity are however skewed toward the provision of income support to vulnerable groups. While these income support programs are timely, little emphasis is placed on social factors such as sense of community belongingness. This is despite evidence that food insecurity is a socially mediated experience that goes beyond the ability to purchase food. Drawing data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (n = 24,546) and using negative log-log regression, we examined the association between sense of community belongingness and food insecurity among older adults. Findings show that older adults with a "very weak" (odds ratio [OR] = 1.40, p < .001) and "somewhat weak" (OR = 1.23, p < .01) sense of community belongingness were significantly more likely to be food insecure compared to those with a "very strong" sense of belongingness. This study contributes to a growing body of the literature that demonstrates the need for an integrated approach to addressing food insecurity - one that goes beyond income support to include consideration of social factors like sense of community belonging.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento , Coesão Social , Humanos , Idoso , Canadá , Alimentos , Inquéritos EpidemiológicosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to examine the association between childhood material hardship and adolescent depression and how the relationship is mediated by neighborhood social cohesion and trust. Previous studies on childhood material hardship and adolescent depression have consistently pointed to the importance of social and environmental contexts in explaining health inequalities among children in socially disadvantaged families. However, little is known about the extent to which neighborhood social context contributes to increasing or decreasing the strength of the association between childhood material hardship and adolescent depression. METHOD: Using data from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS) waves 3 and 6, this study conducted Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis to examine whether levels of neighborhood social cohesion and trust mediates the association between childhood material hardship and adolescent depression. The study sample consisted of 2,096 children at age 3 and 15. RESULTS: Findings from the SEM analysis suggest that childhood material hardship is linked with higher levels of adolescent depression and this pathway is partially mediated by neighborhood social cohesion and trust. DISCUSSION: Results suggest that neighborhood conditions played a role in mediating the association between childhood material hardship and adolescent depression. The implications of the findings are discussed in relation to policy and practice.
Assuntos
Depressão , Confiança , Adolescente , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Depressão/epidemiologia , Características de Residência , Coesão Social , Meio SocialRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Status inequality is hypothesised to increase socioeconomic inequalities in health by creating an environment in which social cohesion erodes and social comparisons intensify. Such an environment may cause systemic chronic inflammation. Although these are often-used explanations in social epidemiology, empirical tests remain rare. METHODS: We analysed data from the West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study. Our sample consisted of 1977 participants in 499 small residential areas. Systemic chronic inflammation was measured by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP; <10 mg/L). An area-level measurement of status inequality was created using census data and contextual-level social cohesion was measured applying ecometrics. We estimated linear multilevel models with cross-level interactions between socioeconomic position (SEP), status inequality, and social cohesion adjusted for age and gender. Our main analysis on postcode sector-level was re-estimated on three smaller spatial levels. RESULTS: The difference in hs-CRP between disadvantaged and advantaged SEPs (0.806 mg/L; p = 0.063; [95%CI: -0.044; 1.656]) was highest among participants living in areas where most residents were in advantaged SEPs. In these status distributions, high social cohesion was associated with a shallower socioeconomic gradient in hs-CRP and low social cohesion was associated with a steeper gradient. In areas with an equal mix of SEPs or most residents in disadvantaged SEPs, the estimated difference in hs-CRP between disadvantaged and advantaged SEPs was -0.039 mg/L (p = 0.898; [95%CI: 0.644; 0.566]) and -0.257 mg/L (p = 0.568; [95%CI: 1.139; 0.625]) respectively. In these status distributions, the gradient in hs-CRP appeared steeper when social cohesion was high and potentially reversed when social cohesion was low. Results were broadly consistent when using area-levels smaller than postcode sectors. CONCLUSIONS: Inequalities in hs-CRP were greatest among participants living in areas wherein a majority of residents were in advantaged SEPs and social cohesion was low. In other combinations of these contextual characteristics, inequalities in systemic chronic inflammation were not detectable or potentially even reversed.
Assuntos
Proteína C-Reativa , Coesão Social , Humanos , Inflamação , Censos , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In the USA, one in five adults live with a mental illness, and researchers have estimated that nearly half of the population will have a mental illness over the course of their lifetime. Research has shown significant associations between social relationships and mental health outcomes at the individual and population levels. This study aims to examine whether sense of community, a type of social capital, is associated with mental health. METHODS: In a cross-sectional analysis, multiple logistic regression models were used to examine whether sense of community was associated with symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress reported over the last week. The analysis used data from the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin collected between 2014 and 2016. A total of 1647 observations are included in the analyses. RESULTS: Compared with those who report a positive sense of community, those with a negative sense of community had a significantly higher odds of reporting depression, anxiety and stress symptoms. Socioeconomic status is negatively associated with depression and anxiety, but not with stress. Women were more likely to experience moderate, severe, or extremely severe anxiety and stress, compared with men. CONCLUSION: This study extends current understanding of health benefits of social capital and found that individuals' sense of community is associated with reduced symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. Further research examining mechanisms to support improved sense of community and other types of social capital could benefit health equity research.
Assuntos
Depressão , Saúde Mental , Adulto , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Estudos Transversais , Depressão/epidemiologia , Wisconsin , Coesão SocialRESUMO
Social cohesion can influence health. It is higher among rural versus urban residents, but the burden of chronic disease is higher in rural communities. We examined the role of social cohesion in explaining rural/urban differences in healthcare access and health status. Rural (n = 1080) and urban (n = 1846) adults (ages 50+) from seven mid-Atlantic U.S. states completed an online, cross-sectional survey on social cohesion and health. We conducted bivariate and multivariable analyses to evaluate the relationships of rurality and social cohesion with healthcare access and health status. Rural participants had higher social cohesion scores than did urban participants (rural: mean = 61.7, standard error[SE] = 0.40; urban: mean = 60.6, SE = 0.35; adjusted beta = 1.45, SE = 0.54, p < .01). Higher social cohesion was associated with greater healthcare access: last-year check-up: adjusted odds ratio[aOR] = 1.25, 95% confidence interval[CI] = 1.17-1.33; having a personal provider: aOR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.03-1.18; and being up-to-date with CRC screening: aOR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.10-1.25. In addition, higher social cohesion was associated with improved health status: higher mental health scores (adjusted beta = 1.03, SE = 0.15, p < .001) and lower body mass index (BMI; beta = -0.26, SE = 0.10, p = .01). Compared to urban participants, rural participants were less likely to have a personal provider, had lower physical and mental health scores, and had higher BMI. Paradoxically, rural residents had higher social cohesion but generally poorer health outcomes than did urban residents, even though higher social cohesion is associated with better health. These findings have implications for research and policy to promote social cohesion and health, particularly for health promotion interventions to reduce disparities experienced by rural residents.
Assuntos
População Rural , Coesão Social , Humanos , Estados Unidos , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , População Urbana , Nível de Saúde , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de SaúdeRESUMO
In part due to cultural loss and identity disruption over many generations from colonial and neocolonial forces, significant emotional/behavioral health disparities exist among Alaska Native (AN) people. Such forces are apparent in higher education, where many AN students feel othered and are more likely to withdraw without a degree than their nonnative counterparts. A strong cultural identity has been found to buffer psychosocial difficulties. The AN Cultural Identity Project (CIP) was developed from the best available scientific literature, local data from AN students, and traditional wisdom from Elders to support cultural identity development. This 8-week Elder-led program incorporated storytelling, experiential learning, connection, exploration, and sharing of identity and cultural strengths to help students remain grounded in their cultures across settings in the hopes of improving emotional/behavioral health outcomes. Through a stepped-wedge design randomized controlled trial, we examined the impact of CIP on cultural identity, cultural strengths, sense of community, and emotional/behavioral health across two cohorts of 44 AN students who ranged in age from 18 to 54 years. On average, students attended 75% of the program. The program had positive impacts on students' cultural identity development, endorsement of cultural strengths, sense of community with AN people at the university, and overall emotional/behavioral health. While gains in some outcomes were sustained over time, others were not, suggesting the potential benefits of a lengthened program. As the first program of its kind directed at AN university students of diverse cultural groups in urban settings, CIP shows promise for supporting emotional/behavioral health through cultural identity development. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Assuntos
Identificação Social , Humanos , Idoso , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Universidades , Coesão Social , Estudantes/psicologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Connections between social integration and health throughout the life span are well established, including at the neighborhood level and among older adults. Less explored is how pathways between neighborhood social cohesion and well-being may differ by race/ethnicity or by neighborhood disorder. This study investigates whether perceived neighborhood social cohesion is associated with loneliness in adults aged 50 and older, and whether this association is moderated by race/ethnicity or perceived neighborhood disorder. METHODS: We used pooled cross-sectional data from the 2016 and 2018 waves of the Health and Retirement Study and respondents to the Leave-behind Questionnaire age 50 and older, living in the community (N = 10,713). Data were analyzed using multivariate ordinary least squares regression. RESULTS: Perceived social cohesion was negatively associated with loneliness (B = -0.13, p < .001); however, this effect was strongest among White respondents, and significantly weaker for respondents who were Black (B = 0.02, p < .05), Hispanic (B = 0.03, p < .05), or of another race/ethnicity (B = 0.03, p < .05). Further, neighborhood disorder moderated the association between social cohesion and loneliness (B = 0.02, p < .001), reducing the strength of relationship for those in areas of high disorder. Inclusion of this interaction also attenuated the interaction between neighborhood cohesion and race for Black older adults. DISCUSSION: Findings show that neighborhood social cohesion matters for midlife and older adults' loneliness, but that this relationship varies by race/ethnicity and neighborhood disorder. As such, neighborhood racial/ethnic makeup and both social and objective neighborhood characteristics should be considered when designing interventions to reduce loneliness.
Assuntos
Etnicidade , Solidão , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Coesão Social , Estudos Transversais , Características de ResidênciaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relationships between neighbourhood cohesion and subjective well-being (SWB) in two different informal settlement types. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of a community-based survey. SETTING: Communities in two districts, Sanjay Colony, Okhla Phase II and Bhalswa in Delhi, India. PARTICIPANTS: 328 residents in Bhalswa and 311 from Sanjay Colony. MEASUREMENTS: Neighbourhood social cohesion scale measured on an 18-point scale and the SWB scale made up of four subjective measures-hedonic, eudaemonic, evaluative and freedom of choice. Sociodemographic characteristics and trust were used as covariates. RESULTS: In both neighbourhood types there was a statistically significant positive bivariate correlation between neighbourhood cohesion and SWB (Sanjay: r=0.145, p<0.05; Bhalswa: r=0.264, p<0.01). Trust and neighbourhood cohesion were strongly correlated (Sanjay: r=0.618, p<0.01; Bhalswa: r=0.533, p<0.01) and the longer the resident had lived in the community the greater the feeling of neighbourhood cohesion (Sanjay: r=0.157, p<0.01; Bhalswa: r=0.171, p<0.05). Only in the resettlement colony (Bhalswa) was SWB negatively correlated with length of residency (r=-0.117, p<0.05). Residents who chose their settlement type (Sanjay residents) were 22.5 percentage points (pp) more likely to have a feeling of belonging to their neighbourhood than residents that had been resettled (Bhalswa) (Cohen's d effect size 0.45). Sanjay residents had a greater likelihood to feel more satisfied with life (4.8 pp, p<0.01) and having greater perceived freedom of choice (4.8 pp, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings contribute to the general knowledge about neighbourhood cohesion and SWB within different informal settlement types in a mega-city such as New Delhi, India. Interventions that promote sense of belonging, satisfaction with life and freedom of choice have the potential to significantly improve people's well-being.
Assuntos
Características de Residência , Coesão Social , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Background: Internal migrants are exposed to higher risks of depressive symptoms due to migration-related stress. It has been recognized that perceived neighborhood social cohesion has direct and indirect associations with depressive symptoms. However, the pathway from perceived social cohesion to internal migrants' depressive symptoms was less discussed. Objectives: To assess mental health disparities among internal migrants. To investigate the association between social cohesion and depressive symptoms among urban-to-urban and rural-to-urban migrants and to examine the mediating role of social adaptation. Methods: Data from the "2017 Urbanization and New Migrant Survey" was used, including 2,584 internal migrants age 18-65 from 10 cities in China. Social cohesion was measured by a six-item modified Community-level Cohesion Scale. Depressive symptoms was measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, and social adaptation was assessed by a single-item question of migrants' adaptation to local life. Multivariate linear regression models were used to examine the association between social cohesion and depressive symptoms. Baron and Kenny's mediation tests were conducted to examine the mediating role of social adaptation on the association. All analyses were adjusted using sampling weights to account for this survey's sampling design. Results: Rural-to-urban migrants were found to have more clinically significant depressive symptoms, lower perceived social cohesion, and fair or low social adaptation than urban-to-urban migrants (all p < 0.001). Being rural-to-urban migrants as compared with urban-to-urban migrants [Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.46, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.456, 1.461, p < 0.001], had lower perceived social cohesion (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.458, 1.463, p < 0.001), and poorer social adaptation (OR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.932, 1.941, p < 0.001), are associated with higher odds of having clinically significant depressive symptoms. Social adaptation partially mediated the association between social cohesion and depressive symptoms by explaining 15.39% of its effect for urban-to-urban migrants and 18.97% for rural-to-urban migrants. Conclusions: Findings from this study reveal mental health inequalities among internal migrants and demonstrate the importance of social adaption on the association between social cohesion and depressive symptoms. Social strategies and public policies are needed to build a more cohesive community that serves both local residents and internal migrants, especially rural-to-urban migrants.
Assuntos
Migrantes , Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Depressão/epidemiologia , Coesão Social , Estudos Transversais , China/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Nearly two-thirds of Black women in the US are obese. Studies have focused more on lifestyle and behavioral factors to explain racial disparities; less research has examined psychosocial factors such as psychological distress and social cohesion. While research suggests that social cohesion may confer benefits for health, no studies have assessed how social cohesion is related to both mental health and obesity, and potential racial differences. Our study examined associations between psychological distress, social cohesion, and obesity among Black and White adult women. DESIGN: Data are from the 2014-2018 National Health Interview Survey (n = 66,743). Participants self-reported psychological distress (Kessler K6 scale), obesity (body mass index≥30â kg/m2), and social cohesion. We fit logistic regression models of obesity with likelihood ratio tests for effect modification by social cohesion and by race. RESULTS: Psychological distress was associated with a 1.19 and 1.31 higher odds of obesity for Black (95% confidence interval: 1.05, 1.36) and White women (1.24, 1.39), respectively. Social cohesion was associated with a 0.75 lower odds of obesity among White (0.69, 0.81) but not Black women (odds ratio 0.94; 0.80, 1.10). Tests of interaction indicated no differences by social cohesion or race in the association between psychological distress and obesity. CONCLUSION: Findings highlight complex relationships between psychological distress, obesity, and social cohesion in Black and White women. Public health efforts should focus on understanding mechanisms relating social factors to health.
Assuntos
Angústia Psicológica , Coesão Social , Adulto , Humanos , Feminino , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Obesidade/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , BrancosRESUMO
Black Americans have the lowest life expectancy and health-related quality of life (HRQoL; a strong predictor of premature mortality) of any racial/ethnic group in the United States. Low rates of physical activity and engagement in healthy eating are two known contributors to low HRQoL. Black Americans are more likely to live in environments that inhibit engagement in these two contributors. The present study examined sense of community as a buffer against the adverse effects of low physical activity and healthy eating on HRQoL among Black Americans. A sample of 290 Black American adults were recruited for the present study. Results indicate that sense of community buffers against the adverse effects of low physical activity on HRQoL. The results of the present study can be used by health promotion interventionists and policy-makers to improve HRQoL and reduce premature mortality among Black Americans.
Assuntos
Negro ou Afro-Americano , Qualidade de Vida , Humanos , Coesão Social , Exercício FísicoRESUMO
Community participation is essential for community development and enhancing quality of life. Several studies have focused on the relationship between sense of community (SOC) and community participation in organizational settings. Guided by the community experiences framework, this study aims to examine how a SOC improves community participation in Chinese residential communities. Moreover, the study aims to assess the mediating role of SOC responsibility (SOC-R) and prosocial tendencies in that relationship. A sample of 433 residents completed questionnaires regarding their SOC, sense of community responsibility, prosocial tendencies, and community participation. Using a linear regression model, we found that a SOC can positively predict the level of community participation. Mediation effect analysis revealed that a SOC-R mediated the relationship between SOC and community participation. In addition, prosocial tendencies mediated the association between the SOC and community participation. Using multiple mediation analysis, we found that SOC-R and prosocial tendencies mediated the link between a SOC and community participation in a sequential manner. The findings of this study complement existing research by uncovering the mechanism underlying the relationship between a SOC and community participation.
Assuntos
População do Leste Asiático , Qualidade de Vida , Humanos , Coesão Social , Comportamento Social , Inquéritos e Questionários , Participação da ComunidadeRESUMO
Compreender as estratégias de resolução de conflitos utilizadas por adolescentes na relação com seus pais é fundamental para entender como ocorre seu desenvolvimento saudável. Este artigo investigou a resolução de conflitos de adolescentes em situações de confronto entre o seu domínio pessoal e o controle parental. 36 adolescentes com idades entre 15 e 17 anos, divididos igualmente conforme o sexo, responderam a uma entrevista semiestruturada, que continha quatro situações de conflito hipotéticas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo semântica e a testes não paramétricos. Os resultados foram categorizados em sete estratégias: Assunção de culpa, Submissão, Mentira, Hostilidade, Diálogo/Explicação, Negociação e Outra. A forma predominante de resolução utilizada foi o Diálogo/Explicação, considerada como uma forma recorrente de defender o domínio pessoal. Foram encontradas diferenças em relação ao sexo dos participantes e à situação hipotética. Por fim, os resultados são discutidos em termos de grau de autonomia e tipo de defesa do domínio pessoal.(AU)
Understanding the conflict resolution strategies used by adolescents in their relationship with their parents is fundamental to understanding how their healthy development occurs. This article investigated the resolution of conflicts by adolescents in confrontation situations between their personal domain and parental control. A total of 36 adolescents, aged 15 to 17 years, divided equally according to sex, answered a semi-structured interview that contained four hypothetical conflict situations. Data were subjected to semantic content analysis and non-parametric tests. The results were categorized into seven strategies: Assumption of Guilt, Submission, Lie, Hostility, Dialogue/Explanation, Negotiation, and Other. The predominant form of resolution used was Dialogue/Explanation, considered a recurrent form of defense of the personal domain. Differences were found depending on the participants' gender and the hypothetical situation. Finally, the results are discussed regarding the degree of autonomy and type of defense of the personal domain.(AU)
Enterarse de las estrategias de resolución de conflictos que los adolescentes utilizan en la relación con sus padres es fundamental para comprender cómo ocurre el desarrollo saludable de los adolescentes. A partir de una entrevista semiestructurada, presentamos cuatro situaciones hipotéticas de conflicto que fueron analizadas y respondidas por 36 adolescentes de entre 15 y 17 años, divididos según el género. Los datos se sometieron a un análisis de contenido semántico y a pruebas no paramétricas. Los resultados se categorizaron en siete estrategias de resolución de conflictos: Asunción de culpa, Sumisión, Mentira, Hostilidad, Diálogo/Explicación, Negociación y Otros. La forma de resolución más utilizada fue Diálogo/Explicación, y esta categoría fue una forma de defensa del dominio personal. Asimismo, se encontraron diferencias en función del género de los participantes y conforme la situación hipotética. Los resultados se discuten en términos de grado de autonomía y tipo de defensa del dominio personal.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adolescente , Negociação , Conflito Familiar , Ansiedade , Orientação , Relações Pais-Filho , Satisfação Pessoal , Personalidade , Desenvolvimento da Personalidade , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Psicologia , Psicologia Social , Desenvolvimento Psicossexual , Psicoterapia , Política Pública , Qualidade de Vida , Papel (figurativo) , Sexo , Autoritarismo , Transtornos do Comportamento Social , Mudança Social , Predomínio Social , Meio Social , Socialização , Estereotipagem , Estresse Psicológico , Aprendizagem da Esquiva , Tabu , Temperamento , Temperança , Violência , Comportamento e Mecanismos Comportamentais , Escolha da Profissão , Atitude , Defesa da Criança e do Adolescente , Proteção da Criança , Comportamento de Escolha , Saúde Mental , Puberdade , Comportamento do Adolescente , Poder Familiar , Relação entre Gerações , Codependência Psicológica , Entrevista , Comunicação , Assistência Integral à Saúde , Privacidade , Adulto , Sexualidade , Transtorno da Conduta , Retroalimentação Psicológica , Revelação , Comportamento Perigoso , Ética Baseada em Princípios , Tomada de Decisões , Redução do Dano , Desenvolvimento Moral , Dissidências e Disputas , Confiança , Amigos , Desenvolvimento do Adolescente , Desenvolvimento Sexual , Dominação-Subordinação , Educação , Escolaridade , Ego , Emoções , Reação de Fuga , Medo , Inteligência Emocional , Senso de Coerência , Perdão , Fatores de Proteção , Normas Sociais , Ajustamento Emocional , Consumo de Álcool por Menores , Influência dos Pares , Tratamento Conservador , Perfeccionismo , Uso do Telefone Celular , Incivilidade , Autogestão , Etnocentrismo , Liberdade , Frustração , Angústia Psicológica , Integração Social , Empoderamento , Modelo Transteórico , Desinformação , Coesão Social , Cidadania , Terapia Gestalt , Apoio Familiar , Bem-Estar Psicológico , Culpa , Felicidade , Hormônios , Hostilidade , Desenvolvimento Humano , Direitos Humanos , Crise de Identidade , Individuação , Delinquência Juvenil , Ira , Atividades de Lazer , Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida , Solidão , Amor , Enganação , Princípios Morais , Narcisismo , Apego ao ObjetoRESUMO
Este artigo é uma produção teórica de caráter reflexivo que focaliza a relação entre pesquisa e militância a partir do construtivismo semiótico-cultural em psicologia, tendo como base o caso da militância monodissidente. A noção de monodissidência foi cunhada no percurso da militância bissexual para se referir a uma ferramenta analítica de ordem político-comunitária que contempla todas as pessoas que se atraem sexual e/ou romanticamente por mais de um gênero. São contrapostas concepções distintas de militância político-social em psicologia: de um lado, militância é entendida a partir de um autocentramento do militante, vinculado a uma rede de exclusões, negações, vedação e defesas psicológicas em relação à experiência; de outro, há uma compreensão dialógica de militância. Metodologicamente, a proposta de pesquisa se fundamenta no campo da participação observante, entendendo que o pesquisador está, primeiro, na condição de participante de certo campo sociocultural, a partir do qual passa a observar e refletir sobre fenômenos que ocorrem nele. Tomamos como ilustração a trajetória de construção da militância monodissidente do primeiro autor, trazendo tensionamentos dialógicos para a análise, postos em discussão com outras reflexões situadas sobre o tema. O conjunto de tensionamentos dialógicos emergidos nesse percurso foi mapeado e compreendido como um processo de multiplicação dialógica no encontro de self pesquisador com o self militante.(AU)
This paper is a theoretical production of reflective character that focuses on the relationship between research and activism from the semiotic-cultural constructivism in psychology, based on the case of monodissident activism. The notion of monodissent was coined during bisexual activism to refer to an analytical tool of a political-community order that includes all people who are sexually and/or romantically attracted to more than one gender. Different conceptions of political-social activism in psychology are opposed: on the one hand, activism is understood from the militant's self-centeredness, linked to a network of exclusions, denials, gatekeeping, and psychological defenses regarding experience; on the other hand, there is a dialogical understanding of activism. Methodologically, the research proposal is based on the field of observant participation, understanding that the researcher is, first, in the condition of a participant in a certain sociocultural field, from which he starts to observe and reflect on phenomena that occur there. We take as an illustration the trajectory of the construction of the monodissident activism of the first author, bringing dialogical tensions to the analysis, discussed with other reflections on the subject. The set of dialogic tensions that emerged in this path was mapped and understood as a process of dialogic multiplication in the encounter of the researcher self with the activist self.(AU)
Este artículo realiza una producción teórica y reflexiva sobre la relación entre investigación y activismo desde el constructivismo semiótico-cultural en Psicología, a partir del caso del activismo monodisidente. La noción de monodisidencia fue acuñada en el transcurso de la militancia bisexual para referirse a una herramienta analítica de orden político-comunitario que incluye a todas las personas que se sienten atraídas sexual y / o románticamente por más de un género. Se contraponen distintas concepciones de la militancia político-social en Psicología: por un lado, la militancia se entiende desde el egocentrismo del militante, vinculado a un entramado de exclusiones, negaciones, sellamientos y defensas psicológicas con relación a la experiencia; por otro, existe una comprensión dialógica de la militancia. La investigación utiliza como metodología la participación del observador, entendiendo que el investigador se encuentra, en primer lugar, en la condición de participante de determinado campo sociocultural, desde donde comienza a observar y reflexionar sobre los fenómenos que allí ocurren. Tomamos como ilustración la trayectoria de la construcción de la militancia monodisidente del primer autor, trayendo tensiones dialógicas al análisis, discutidas con otras reflexiones sobre el tema. El conjunto de tensiones dialógicas que surgieron en este camino se caracteriza y se comprende como un proceso de multiplicación dialógica en el encuentro del self investigador con el self militante.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Psicologia , Semiologia Homeopática , Sexualidade , Psicologia do Self , Cultura , Ego , Ativismo Político , Política , Política Pública , Autoimagem , Comportamento Sexual , Educação Sexual , Ciências Sociais , Estereotipagem , Transexualidade , Comportamento e Mecanismos Comportamentais , Bissexualidade , Casamento , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis , Saúde Mental , Direitos Civis , Populações Vulneráveis , Educação , Acolhimento , Saúde Sexual , Sexismo , Violência de Gênero , Participação dos Interessados , Opressão Social , Diversidade de Gênero , Monossexualidade , Pansexualidade , Autoaceitação da Sexualidade , Normas de Gênero , Respeito , Pessoas Intersexuais , Intervenção Psicossocial , Coesão Social , Desenvolvimento Humano , Direitos HumanosRESUMO
A pandemia da covid-19 impôs transformações no cotidiano mundial, em âmbito micro e macroestrutural. Seu impacto psicológico desestabiliza e evidencia desigualdades e vulnerabilidades psicossociais brasileiras. Configura-se como um estudo de perspectiva crítica, com base na Psicologia Sócio-histórica, com o objetivo de mapear os posicionamentos da Psicologia, vindos de diferentes campos, diante das ações de saúde mental. Para tanto, utiliza-se o site do Conselho Federal de Psicologia para a análise de 62 documentos, que resultaram em dois eixos de produção crítica: 1) a relação da Psicologia com o Conselho Federal de Psicologia; e 2) da Psicologia com a sociedade. Revela-se o abismo social entre segmentos da sociedade brasileira; formas de exclusão da população carcerária; violência doméstica contra as mulheres e as crianças; dificuldades de acesso a estratégias sociais, na educação e na saúde, e de superação dos impasses acirrados com a infecção global pelo novo coronavírus. Conclui-se que a diversidade de públicos, temáticas, áreas de atuação e referenciais teóricos materializa um compromisso crítico e científico da Psicologia.(AU)
The COVID-19 pandemic imposed transformations in the world daily life, at the micro and macrostructural levels. Its psychological impact destabilizes and highlights Brazilian inequalities and psychosocial vulnerabilities. This is a critical perspective study, based in socio-historical Psychology, aiming to map the positions of Psychology, from different fields, in the face of mental health actions. To this end, the Federal Council of Psychology website is utilized to analyze 62 documents, which resulted in two axes of critical production: 1) the relation between Psychology and the Federal Council of Psychology; and 2) Psychology with society. They reveal the social gap between segments of Brazilian society; ways of excluding prison po7pulation; domestic violence against women and children; and difficulties in accessing social strategies, in education and health, and in overcoming impasses aggravated by the global infection by the new coronavirus. In conclusion, the diversity of public, themes, areas of professional performance, and theoretical references materialize Psychology's critical and scientific commitment.(AU)
La pandemia del COVID-19 provocó transformaciones globales en lo cotidiano a nivel micro y macroestructural. Su impacto psicológico desestabiliza y destaca las desigualdades y vulnerabilidades psicosociales en Brasil. Esta es una investigación en la perspectiva crítica, basada en la psicología sociohistórica, con el objetivo de mapear las posiciones de la Psicología, procedentes de diferentes campos, frente a las acciones de salud mental. Para este fin, se utiliza el sitio web del Consejo Federal de Psicología para el análisis de 62 documentos, lo que resultó en dos ejes de producción crítica: 1) la relación de la Psicología con el Consejo Federal de Psicología; y 2) de la Psicología con la sociedad. Se revelan la brecha social entre los segmentos de la sociedad brasileña; las formas de exclusión de la población carcelaria; la violencia doméstica contra las mujeres y los niños; y las dificultades para acceder a las estrategias sociales, en la educación y la salud, para superar los impasses agravados por la infección global por el nuevo coronavirus. Se concluye que la diversidad de públicos, temáticas, áreas de actividad y referentes teóricos materializa un compromiso crítico y científico de la Psicología.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Pandemias , COVID-19 , Ansiedade , Dor , Pneumonia Viral , Pobreza , Psicologia , Política Pública , Qualidade de Vida , Relações Raciais , Refugiados , Pesquisa , Papel (figurativo) , Segurança , Comportamento Sexual , Autoritarismo , Isolamento Social , Problemas Sociais , Ciências Sociais , Esportes , Tortura , Desemprego , Características da População , Socorro Alimentar , Pessoas Mal Alojadas , Mobilidade Ocupacional , Casamento , Áreas de Pobreza , Maus-Tratos Infantis , Proteção da Criança , Quarentena , Saúde Pública , Fome , Codependência Psicológica , Infecções por Coronavirus , Distúrbios de Guerra , Congressos como Assunto , Acesso Universal aos Serviços de Saúde , Crime , Conflitos Armados , Resgate, Assistência e Proteção em Desastres , Acesso à Informação , Poder Judiciário , Estado , Desumanização , Violação de Direitos Humanos , Depressão , Países em Desenvolvimento , Poluição do Ar , Educação , Abuso de Idosos , Emergências , Capacitação Profissional , Tecnologia da Informação , Emigrantes e Imigrantes , Marginalização Social , Comportamento de Busca de Ajuda , Abuso Físico , Segregação Social , Violência de Gênero , Direitos Culturais , Acesso a Medicamentos Essenciais e Tecnologias em Saúde , Experiências Adversas da Infância , Intervenção Baseada em Internet , Angústia Psicológica , Identidade de Gênero , Abuso Emocional , Insegurança Alimentar , Acesso a Alimentos Saudáveis , Status Social , Coesão Social , Vulnerabilidade Social , Crise Humanitária , Apoio Familiar , Estrutura Familiar , Segregação Residencial , Síndrome de COVID-19 Pós-Aguda , Transtornos Pós-Infecções , Promoção da Saúde , Direitos Humanos , Jurisprudência , ImperíciaRESUMO
Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar traços da mentalidade potencialmente autoritária a partir do discurso de usuários do Facebook vinculados a páginas de cunho político autodeclarado de direita e de esquerda no Brasil. A Netnografia é utilizada como aporte metodológico para imersão on-line nas páginas "Eu era Direita e não sabia" e "Jovens de Esquerda", selecionadas por meio do Facebook Audience Insights, ferramenta disponibilizada pelo Facebook. Delas, foram extraídas oito postagens com maior engajamento (número de comentários, curtidas e compartilhamentos), identificadas pelo Netvizz. Foram coletados 3.489 comentários, os quais foram organizados em um corpus textual submetido ao software IRAMUTEQ e analisados sob a perspectiva da análise crítica imanente da teoria crítica. Como resultado, apresenta-se a forma como o pensamento autoritário se manifesta na racionalização da sociedade contemporânea e nas práticas discursivas em redes sociais on-line, enraizada no âmbito sociopolítico brasileiro, ameaçando o processo democrático e a construção de uma sociedade plural e liberta.(AU)
This study aims to analyze traits of the potentially authoritarian mentality from the speech of Facebook users linked to political pages self-declared as rightist and leftist in Brazil. Netnography is used as a methodological contribution for online immersion in the pages "Eu era Direita e não sabia" and "Jovens de Esquerda" selected via Facebook Audience Insights, a tool provided by Facebook. From these, eight posts with greater engagement (number of comments, likes and shares), identified by Netvizz, were extracted. We collected 3,489 comments, which were organized in a textual corpus submitted to IRAMUTEQ software and analyzed from the perspective of immanent critical analysis of Critical Theory. As a result, we present the way in which authoritarian thinking manifests itself in the rationalization of contemporary society and in discursive practices in online social networks, rooted in the Brazilian socio-political sphere, threatening the democratic process and the construction of a plural and free society.(AU)
Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las huellas de la mentalidad potencialmente autoritaria a partir de los discursos de usuarios en Facebook vinculados a páginas políticas autodeclaradas de derecha y de izquierda en Brasil. La netnografía se utiliza como marco metodológico para la inmersión en línea en las páginas "Eu era Direita e não sabia" y "Jovens de Esquerda", seleccionadas por Facebook Audience Insights, herramienta proporcionada por Facebook. Se extrajeron las ocho publicaciones con mayor compromiso (número de comentarios, gustos y compartidas), identificadas por Netvizz. Se recogieron 3.489 comentarios, los cuales fueron organizados en un corpus textual sometido al software IRAMUTEQ y analizado bajo la perspectiva del análisis crítico inmanente de la teoría crítica. Los resultados presentan la forma en que el pensamiento autoritario se manifiesta en la racionalización de la sociedad contemporánea y en prácticas discursivas en redes sociales en línea, arraigada en el ámbito sociopolítico brasileño, que amenazan el proceso democrático y la construcción de una sociedad plural y liberada.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Política , Autoritarismo , Rede Social , Permissividade , Comunicação Persuasiva , Formulação de Políticas , Preconceito , Psicologia , Bode Expiatório , Comportamento Social , Mudança Social , Conformidade Social , Desejabilidade Social , Distância Psicológica , Predomínio Social , Identificação Social , Isolamento Social , Justiça Social , Problemas Sociais , Apoio Social , Seguridade Social , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Sociologia , Estereotipagem , Desemprego , Políticas de Controle Social , Atitude , Caráter , Conflito de Interesses , Congresso , Direitos Civis , Civilização , Segurança Computacional , Comportamento Competitivo , Participação da Comunidade , Diversidade Cultural , Feminismo , Internet , Jornalismo , Modernização do Setor Público , Crime , Cibernética , Poder Legislativo , Democracia , Denúncia de Irregularidades , Desumanização , Dissidências e Disputas , Agressão , Grupos Raciais , Economia , Avaliação de Políticas de Pesquisa , Indicadores de Sociedade da Informação , Ética , Altruísmo , Mídias Sociais , Sexismo , Discriminação Social , Dívida Externa , Habilidades Sociais , Autocontrole , Diplomacia , Difamação , Censura Científica , Governança em Saúde , Assédio não Sexual , Incivilidade , Ativismo Político , Direitos Culturais , Liberdade , Desenvolvimento Sustentável , Cyberbullying , Egocentrismo , Corrupção , Sociedade Civil , Empoderamento , Evolução Social , Derrota Social , Representação Social , Desinformação , Enquadramento Interseccional , Coesão Social , Cidadania , Bem-Estar Psicológico , Governo , Ódio , Direitos Humanos , Relações Interpessoais , Manobras Políticas , Enganação , Comportamento de Massa , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , Anônimos e Pseudônimos , NegativismoRESUMO
Food insecurity has myriad associations with poor health, and low-income communities have higher than average prevalence of food insecurity. Living in a supportive neighborhood social environment may protect against food insecurity, while adverse neighborhood social conditions, such as crime, may increase the likelihood of food insecurity. To examine associations between food insecurity and neighborhood social factors among families with young children, we administered a cross-sectional survey to 300 mothers and female caregivers of Medicaid-enrolled two- to four-year-old children in Philadelphia. We used multivariable regression to examine associations between food insecurity and perceived neighborhood safety, social cohesion, informal social control, and crime, adjusted for demographics, socioeconomic status, and neighborhood characteristics. Lower food insecurity prevalence was associated with higher perceived neighborhood safety and social cohesion, and lower police-recorded violent crime rates. Future work to increase food security among low-income households may benefit from targeting the neighborhood social environment.