An assessment of radiology resident competency in identifying suppurative retropharyngeal lymphadenitis: an examination using the WIDI SIM platform.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Suppurative retropharyngeal lymphadenitis is a retropharyngeal space infection almost exclusively seen in the young (4-8 years old) pediatric population. It can be misdiagnosed as a retropharyngeal abscess, leading to unnecessary invasive treatment procedures. This retrospective study aims to assess radiology residents' ability to independently identify CT imaging findings and make a definitive diagnosis of suppurative retropharyngeal lymphadenitis in a simulated call environment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Wisdom in Diagnostic Imaging Emergent/Critical Care Radiology Simulation (WIDI SIM) is a computer-aided emergency imaging simulation proven to be a reliable method for assessing resident preparedness for independent radiology call. The simulation included 65 cases across various imaging modalities of varying complexity, including normal studies, with one case specifically targeting suppurative retropharyngeal adenitis identification. Residents' free text responses were manually scored by faculty members using a standardized grading rubric, with errors subsequently classified by type. RESULTS: A total of 543 radiology residents were tested in three separate years on the imaging findings of suppurative retropharyngeal lymphadenitis using the Wisdom in Diagnostic Imaging simulation web-based testing platform. Suppurative retropharyngeal lymphadenitis was consistently underdiagnosed by radiology residents being tested for call readiness irrespective of the numbers of years in training. On average, only 3.5% of radiology residents were able to correctly identify suppurative retropharyngeal lymphadenitis on a contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings underscore a potential gap in radiology residency training related to the accurate identification of suppurative retropharyngeal lymphadenitis, highlighting the potential need for enhanced educational efforts in this area.

Assessment of Interprofessional Competence of Leadership Education in Neurodevelopmental and Related Disabilities Trainees through a Virtual Standardized Patient Encounter.

INTRODUCTION: Leadership Education in Neurodevelopmental and Related Disabilities (LEND) programs have an emphasis on developing skills in providing family-centered and interdisciplinary care. Due to Coronavirus pandemic-related restrictions, opportunities for interdisciplinary education were limited for the 2020-2021 LEND Trainee cohort at The Ohio State University Nisonger Center. Standardized Patient (SP) encounters can be a mechanism for instruction and assessment of interprofessional competence. METHODS: An SP encounter was developed for the The Ohio State University 2020-2021 LEND Cohort. Prior to the activity, participants (N = 11) were given clinic notes to review from their respective disciplines. During the activity, participants met virtually to develop collaborative recommendations which were then delivered to the SP who portrayed the mother of a young child receiving a new diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. Following the encounter, 4 LEND faculty observers completed the Modified McMaster-Ottawa Team Rating Scale and participants completed the Interprofessional Collaboration Competency Attainment Scale-Revised (ICCAS-R). RESULTS: Eleven LEND trainees completed the ICCAS-R with an overall increase in the mean score from 3.86 to 4.12. Four LEND faculty members completed the Modified McMaster-Ottawa Team Rating Scale, with the Communication domain demonstrating the highest level of competence. DISCUSSION: This activity was well-received by both faculty and LEND trainees. Although delivered in virtual format, it could easily be transitioned to an in-person encounter for future LEND trainees. The success of this activity further supports that standardized patient encounters can be a feasible mechanism for instruction and assessment of interprofessional competencies and serve as a training mechanism for LEND programs.

Radiology resident competency in detecting basilar artery occlusion: a simulation-based assessment.

PURPOSE: Basilar artery strokes are rare but can have characteristic imaging findings that can often be overlooked. This retrospective study aims to assess radiology residents' ability to identify CT imaging findings of basilar artery occlusion in a simulated call environment. METHODS: The Wisdom in Diagnostic Imaging Emergent/Critical Care Radiology Simulation (WIDI SIM)-a tested and reliable computer-aided emergency imaging simulation-was employed to assess resident readiness for independent radiology call. The simulations include 65 cases of varying complexity, including normal studies, with one case specifically assessing basilar artery stroke. Residents were presented with a single, unique case of basilar artery occlusion in two separate years of testing and were only provided with non-contrast CT images. Residents' free text responses were manually scored by faculty members using a standardized grading rubric, with errors subsequently classified by type. RESULTS: A total of 454 radiology residents were tested in two separate years on the imaging findings of basilar artery occlusion using the Wisdom in Diagnostic Imaging simulation web-based testing platform. Basilar artery occlusion was consistently underdiagnosed by radiology residents being tested for call readiness irrespective of the numbers of years in training. On average, only 14% of radiology residents were able to correctly identify basilar artery occlusion on non-contrast CT. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings underscore a potential gap in radiology residency training related to the detection of basilar artery occlusion, highlighting the potential need for increased educational efforts in this area.

Estructura conceptual de la competencia gestión de desechos radiactivos para tecnólogos de Medicina Nuclear / Conceptual structure of the radioactive waste management competency for Nuclear Medicine technologists

Introducción: la Medicina Nuclear es una especialidad médica que trata o diagnostica diferentes afecciones mediante imágenes de tipo funcional-molecular, a partir del empleo de fuentes no selladas. Un aspecto importante en el desempeño profesional es la adecuada gestión de sustancias que puedan resultar nocivas. Objetivo: fundamentar la estructura conceptual de la competencia gestión de desechos radiactivos. Métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica con un análisis crítico reflexivo, se consideraron documentos normativos de la actividad en Medicina Nuclear, tesis, artículos y libros, publicados a partir del 2018 en español e inglés. La búsqueda fue realizada en las bases de datos SciELO durante el periodo comprendido de enero a mayo del 2023. Las palabras clave utilizadas fueron: competencias, gestión y desechos radiactivos. Fueron revisados 73 textos y se seleccionaron 20 para conformar el texto final. Resultados: se delimitaron cuatro núcleos temáticos: pertinencia de formar competencias profesionales, base teórico-metodológica, base legal y riesgos e implicaciones. Resulta evidente el insuficiente tratamiento teórico-metodológico a la gestión de desechos como actividad de los tecnólogos de Medicina Nuclear. Se propone la definición de la competencia, los problemas contextuales que aborda, ejes procesuales, criterio de desempeño y evidencias requeridas. Conclusiones: el estudio de las competencias profesionales en los tecnólogos de la salud es un campo de notable vigencia encaminado a desarrollar su profesionalización. La evidente relación establecida entre la competencia gestión de desechos radiactivos y la reducción de riesgos y accidentes, conlleva la responsabilidad de formar profesionales preparados para desempeñarse con éxito en la Medicina Nuclear.

Introduction: Nuclear Medicine is a medical specialty that treats or diagnoses different conditions through functional-molecular images, using unsealed sources. An important aspect in professional performance is the proper management of substances that may be harmful. Objective: to support the conceptual structure of the radioactive waste management competence. Methods: a bibliographic review was carried out with a reflective critical analysis, normative documents of the activity in Nuclear Medicine, theses, articles, and books, published since 2018 in Spanish and English, were considered. The search was carried out in the SciELO databases from January to May 2023. The keywords used were competencies, management and radioactive waste. 73 texts were reviewed and 20 were selected to make up the final text. Results: four topic cores were defined: relevance of training professional competencies, theoretical-methodological base, legal base and risks and implications. The insufficient theoretical-methodological treatment of waste management as an activity of Nuclear Medicine technologists is evident. The definition of the competence, the contextual problems it addresses, procedural axes, performance criteria and required evidence are proposed. Conclusions: the study of professional competencies in health technologists is a field of notable validity aimed at developing their professionalization. The evident relationship established between radioactive waste management competence and the reduction of risks and accidents entails the responsibility of training professionals prepared to perform successfully in Nuclear Medicine.

Teachers' teaching and professional competences assessment.

This research is part of a project led by the Catholic University of Santiago de Guayaquil (Ecuador) and the National Distance Education University - UNED (Spain) aiming at designing a teaching/professional competences training model for teachers. The purpose of this study is to assess the meaning of professional competences and their significance within teachers' teaching and training processes. Using the mixed methods approach, an ad hoc questionnaire was designed and given to discussion groups, achieving participation of more than a hundred teachers. Quantitative data analysis was carried out using the Logit model while Atlas ti 23 allowed analysis of the qualitative data. The results evidenced high scores in the competences evaluated, being leadership and research the lowest. In general, the teachers value, preferably, planning, communication, evaluation, methodology, digital, and tutoring competences, with a lower value among teachers ranging from 25 to 30 years old; those older than 55 stressed the importance of digital and innovation competences. Thus, it is recommended that training programs for teachers should focus on the set of related competences, especially on the digital competence, considering the challenges represented by investigation and pedagogical leadership.

Elaboração de instrumento e validação de uma matriz de competências para enfermeiros da estratégia saúde da família / Development of an instrument and validation of a competence matrix for nurses in the family health strategy / Desarrollo de un instrumento y validación de una matriz de competencias para enfermeros en la estrategia de salud de la familia

Objetivo: Descrever o processo de validação de uma matriz de competências para o Enfermeiro da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Método: Relato de experiência desenvolvido a partir da validação de uma matriz de competências utilizando o referencial de Philippe Zarifian. Resultados: É descrito o processo de validação da matriz, com nove competência e suas definições, o envio e recebimento dos questionários, o passo a passo da técnica de Delphi até o processo de validação da consistência, confiabilidade e índice de avaliação de conteúdo. Conclusão: A proposta de descrição das etapas desenvolvidas no estudo de validação de matriz de competências mostra-se adequado e pode auxiliar na elaboração destes em outras áreas da Enfermagem.

Objective: To describe the validation process of a competency matrix for the Family Health Strategy Nurse. Method: Experience report developed from the validation of a competency matrix using Philippe Zarifian's framework. Results: The validation process of the matrix is described, with nine competences and their definitions, the sending and receiving of questionnaires, the step-by-step process of the Delphi technique until the process of validation of consistency, reliability and content evaluation index. Conclusion: The proposed description of the stages developed in the study of validation of the matrix of competences is adequate and can help in the elaboration of these in other areas of Nursing.

Objetivo: Describir el proceso de validación de una matriz de competencias para el Enfermero de la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia. Método: Informe de experiencia desarrollado a partir de la validación de una matriz de competencias utilizando el frame- work de Philippe Zarifian. Resultados: Se describe el proceso de validación de la matriz, con nueve competencias y sus definiciones, el envío y recepción de cuestionarios, el pro- ceso paso a paso de la técnica Delphi hasta el proceso de validación de consistencia, con- fiabilidad y evaluación de contenido. índice. Conclusión: La descripción propuesta de las etapas desarrolladas en el estudio de validación de la matriz de competencias es adecuada y puede auxiliar en la elaboración de estas en otras áreas de Enfermería.

Construction of an index system of core competence assessment for otolaryngology nurse specialists in China: A Delphi study.

BACKGROUND: Clinical nurse specialists play a vital role in the work quality, patient safety and team development of nurses. However, there is currently no prior study constructing the index of core competence assessment for otolaryngology Nurse Specialists. OBJECTIVES: To establish an index system for the evaluation of Chinese otolaryngology Nurse Specialists' core competence. DESIGN: A Delphi study. SETTINGS: The study was mainly conducted in a university-affiliated hospital in China. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-two experts with otolaryngology knowledge and practical experience from different regions and organizations in China. METHODS: We used literature reviews and expert meetings to establish a draft index system . Subsequently, a two-round Delphi survey was utilized to consult opinions from 22 experts about the index for the evaluation of otolaryngology nurse specialists' core competence and provide qualitative comments on their ratings. Consensus was predefined as a mean important score of 4.0 or above and a coefficient of variation is not above 0.25 among the participants. RESULTS: The final evaluation indexes of the core competencies for otolaryngology Nurse Specialists included 5 first-level indexes (clinical competence, critical thinking competence, leadership, professional development competence, professionalism), 19 second-level indexes, and 85 third-level indexes. The effective response rates of the two expert consultation rounds were 100 %. The expert authority coefficients were 0.864 and 0.859 in the first and second rounds of consultation, respectively. In the second round of consultation, the first, second and third indexes of Kendall's coefficient of concordance were 0.357, 0.330, and 0.232, respectively (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The constructed evaluation indexes of the core competencies of otolaryngology Nurse Specialists are scientific, reasonable, comprehensive, and specific and may provide references for the training and evaluation of otolaryngology Nurse Specialists.

Intersectional Disparities in Emergency Medicine Residents' Performance Assessments by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex.

Importance: Previous studies have demonstrated sex-specific disparities in performance assessments among emergency medicine (EM) residents. However, less work has focused on intersectional disparities by ethnoracial identity and sex in resident performance assessments. Objective: To estimate intersectional sex-specific ethnoracial disparities in standardized EM resident assessments. Design, Setting, and Participants: This retrospective cohort study used data from the Association of American Medical Colleges and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Milestones (Milestones) assessments to evaluate ratings for EM residents at 128 EM training programs in the US. Statistical analyses were conducted in June 2020 to January 2023. Exposure: Training and assessment environments in EM residency programs across comparison groups defined by ethnoracial identity (Asian, White, or groups underrepresented in medicine [URM], ie, African American/Black, American Indian/Alaska Native, Hispanic/Latine, and Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander) and sex (female/male). Main Outcomes and Measures: Mean Milestone scores (scale, 0-9) across 6 core competency domains: interpersonal and communications skills, medical knowledge, patient care, practice-based learning and improvement, professionalism, and system-based practice. Overall assessment scores were calculated as the mean of the 6 competency scores. Results: The study sample comprised 128 ACGME-accredited programs and 16 634 assessments for 2708 EM residents of which 1913 (70.6%) were in 3-year and 795 (29.4%) in 4-year programs. Most of the residents were White (n = 2012; 74.3%), followed by Asian (n = 477; 17.6%), Hispanic or Latine (n = 213; 7.9%), African American or Black (n = 160; 5.9%), American Indian or Alaska Native (n = 24; 0.9%), and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander (n = 4; 0.1%). Approximately 14.3% (n = 386) and 34.6% (n = 936) were of URM groups and female, respectively. Compared with White male residents, URM female residents in 3-year programs were rated increasingly lower in the medical knowledge (URM female score, -0.47; 95% CI, -0.77 to -0.17), patient care (-0.18; 95% CI, -0.35 to -0.01), and practice-based learning and improvement (-0.37; 95% CI, -0.65 to -0.09) domains by postgraduate year 3 year-end assessment; URM female residents in 4-year programs were also rated lower in all 6 competencies over the assessment period. Conclusions and Relevance: This retrospective cohort study found that URM female residents were consistently rated lower than White male residents on Milestone assessments, findings that may reflect intersectional discrimination in physician competency evaluation. Eliminating sex-specific ethnoracial disparities in resident assessments may contribute to equitable health care by removing barriers to retention and promotion of underrepresented and minoritized trainees and facilitating diversity and representation among the emergency physician workforce.

Contextualizing gender disparities in online teaching evaluations for professors.

Student evaluation of teaching (SET) is widely used to assess teaching effectiveness in higher education and can significantly influence professors' career outcomes. Although earlier evidence suggests SET may suffer from biases due to the gender of professors, there is a lack of large-scale examination to understand how and why gender disparities occur in SET. This study aims to address this gap in SET by analyzing approximately 9 million SET reviews from RateMyProfessors.com under the theoretical frameworks of role congruity theory and shifting standards theory. Our multiple linear regression analysis of the SET numerical ratings confirms that women professors are generally rated lower than men in many fields. Using the Dunning log-likelihood test, we show that words used in student comments vary by the gender of professors. We then use BERTopic to extract the most frequent topics from one- and five-star reviews. Our regression analysis based on the topics reveals that the probabilities of specific topics appearing in SET comments are significantly associated with professors' genders, which aligns with gender role expectations. Furtherly, sentiment analysis indicates that women professors' comments are more positively or negatively polarized than men's across most extracted topics, suggesting students' evaluative standards are subject to professors' gender. These findings contextualize the gender gap in SET ratings and caution the usage of SET in related decision-making to avoid potential systematic biases towards women professors.

Mapeamento de competências essenciais de profissionais que atuam na gestão estadual de saúde / Mapping of essential competencies of professionals working in state health management

Resumo: Em função da celeridade de transformações no ambiente externo às organizações, se faz necessário realizar adaptações internas dos processos de trabalho e a adesão das tecnologias contemporaneamente ofertadas. Assim, são requeridas dos gestores novas competências, a serem permanentemente desenvolvidas e aprimoradas. O Sistema Único de Saúde, onde o atendimento e as necessidades dos usuários devem se dar de forma eficiente, eficaz e de qualidade, inclui na descentralização o mecanismo de regionalização, hierarquização e participação, que demanda por gestores em saúde pública com competências e responsabilidades adequadas nos vários níveis de complexidade. Desse modo, para execução deste estudo foi adotado referencial teórico de gestão e mapeamento de competências de Hugo Pena Brandão. Este estudo teve por objetivo realizar o mapeamento das competências gerenciais relacionadas à saúde pública, a partir da perspectiva de profissionais que atuam na gestão em saúde. A metodologia aplicada teve abordagem quantitativa descritiva exploratória. A pesquisa foi realizada em três etapas. Na primeira, a aplicação de questionário, construído a partir do documento Marco Regional para as Américas (MRCESP), documento oficial da Organización Panamericana de La Salud (OPS), traduzido e adaptado ao contexto brasileiro. Este instrumento compõe-se de 56 questões ou competências essenciais divididas em seis domínios e foi respondido por 119 participantes de forma completa, na plataforma de pesquisa Pesquisaonline®. Os respondentes atuavam na gestão das 22 Regionais de Saúde da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Estado do Paraná, entre os meses de fevereiro a abril de 2020, e as respostas resultaram no Grau de Expressão da Competência no Trabalho. A análise de dados foi realizada com apoio dos softwares Microsoft Excel® e R®. Na segunda etapa foi realizado o mapeamento das lacunas (gaps) a partir das competências avaliadas pelos participantes. A terceira etapa foi realizada com a apuração do Grau de Prioridade de capacitação. Identificaram-se lacunas nos domínios 2 e 6, e, de acordo com a tabela de Grau de Prioridade de Capacitação, que classifica o Grau de Expressão das Competências no Trabalho, os escores foram de Prioridade Nula ou Muito Baixa. Desse modo, como contribuições, a investigação realizada permite o planejamento de estratégias de capacitação, salientando que os saberes aprendidos estão voltados à prática profissional, como a integração de informações, a transformação de conhecimentos e agir contextualizados, impactando na qualidade da assistência desenvolvida nos serviços de saúde.

Abstract: Due to the speed of transformations in the external environment of organizations, it is necessary to carry out internal adaptations of work processes and the adhesion of technologies currently offered. Thus, new knowledge and skills are required from managers, to be permanently developed and improved. The Unified Health System, where care and the needs of users must be provided efficiently, effectively and with quality, includes in decentralization the mechanism of regionalization, hierarchy and participation, which demands public health managers with adequate skills and responsibilities at various levels of complexity. Thus, to carry out this study, Hugo Pena Brandão's theoretical framework for management and mapping of competencies was adopted 22 Regional Health Departments of the State Health Secretariat of the State of Paraná. The applied methodology had a quantitative descriptive exploratory approach. The research was carried out in three stages. In the first, the application of a questionnaire, built from the document Regional Framework for the Americas (MRCESP), an official document of the Organización Panamericana de La Salud (OPS), translated and adapted to the Brazilian context. This consists of 56 questions or essential competences divided into six domains. The instrument was completed by 119 participants, through the Pesquisaonline® research platform, between February and April 2020, resulting in the Degree of Expression of Competence at Work. Data analysis was performed with the support of Microsoft Excel® and R® software. In the second, the mapping of the gaps was carried out from the competences evaluated by the participants. In the third stage, the Priority Degree of training was determined. Gaps were found in domains 2 and 6, but they were not as expressive, and, according to the table of Degree of Priority of Training, the answers of the participants, who classify the Degree of Expression of Skills at Work, found scores of Null Priority or Very Low. Thus, as contributions, the investigation carried out allows the planning of training strategies, emphasizing that the knowledge learned is focused on professional practice, such as the integration of information, the transformation of knowledge and contextualized actions, impacting the quality of care provided in the services of health.

Resumen: Debido a la velocidad de las transformaciones en el entorno externo de las organizaciones, es necesario realizar adaptaciones internas de los procesos de trabajo y la adhesión de las tecnologías que se ofrecen actualmente. Por lo tanto, se requieren nuevos conocimientos y habilidades de los gerentes, para ser desarrollados y mejorados permanentemente. El Sistema Único de Salud, donde la atención y las necesidades de los usuarios deben ser brindadas de manera eficiente, eficaz y con calidad, incluye en la descentralización el mecanismo de regionalización, jerarquización y participación, lo que demanda gestores de salud pública con competencias y responsabilidades adecuadas en los distintos niveles de complejidad. Así, para la realización de este estudio, se adoptó el referencial teórico de gestión y mapeo de competencias de Hugo Pena Brandão 22 Departamentos Regionales de Salud de la Secretaría de Estado de Salud del Estado de Paraná. La metodología aplicada tuvo un enfoque exploratorio descriptivo cuantitativo. La investigación se llevó a cabo en tres etapas. En el primero, la aplicación de un cuestionario, construido a partir del documento Marco Regional para las Américas, documento oficial de la Organización Panamericana de La Salud (OPS), traducido y adaptado al contexto brasileño. Este consta de 56 preguntas o competencias esenciales divididas en seis dominios. El instrumento fue diligenciado por 119 participantes, a través de la plataforma de investigación Pesquisaonline®, entre febrero y abril de 2020, dando como resultado el Grado de Expresión de la Competencia en el Trabajo. El análisis de datos se realizó con el apoyo del software Microsoft Excel® y R®. En el segundo, se realizó el mapeo de las brechas (gaps) a partir de las competencias evaluadas por los participantes. En la tercera etapa se determinó el Grado de Prioridad de la formación. Se encontraron brechas en los dominios 2 y 6, según la tabla Grado de Prioridad de la Formación, que clasifica el Grado de Expresión de las Habilidades en el Trabajo, los puntajes fueron de Prioridad Nula o Muy Baja. Así, como aportes, la investigación realizada permite planificar estrategias de formación, destacando que los conocimientos aprendidos se focalicen en la práctica profesional, como la integración de la información, la transformación del saber y las acciones contextualizadas, impactando en la calidad de la atención brindada en la servicios de salud.

Perspectiva de formandos em enfermagem: competências gerenciais na graduação / Perspective of nursing trainers: management skills in graduation / Perspectiva de los formadores de enfermería: habilidades de gestión en la graduación

Objetivo: Conhecer a percepção de graduando de enfermagem acerca da formação sobre as competências gerenciais e educacionais para os serviços de saúde. Métodos: Estudo descritivo-exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, com acadêmicos do último ano do curso de Enfermagem no ano de 2017 de uma Universidade Pública do sul do Brasil. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 23 graduandos com idade média de 26 anos e predominância do sexo feminino. Os participantes responderam um questionário com caracterização sociodemográfica e questões relacionadas à sua formação para o desenvolvimento das competências gerenciais e educacionais. Considerou-se todos os domínios das competências gerenciais essenciais, com destaque para liderança. Alguns apontaram outras habilidades como a boa relação do trabalho em equipe, bom preparo teórico e prático, envolvimento, comprometimento com o serviço e comportamento ético. Evidenciou-se, ainda, que os acadêmicos reconhecem a importância da graduação para a construção de suas competências gerenciais educacionais. Conclusão: Uma vez que o curso possibilita a ampliação do conhecimento teórico sobre a temática, vivência prática e o desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico, conclui-se que os formandos consideraram ter aprendido sobre as competências gerenciais e educacionais durante a graduação e as destacaram de extrema importância para a atuação do enfermeiro nos serviços de saúde. (AU)

Objective: To know the perception of nursing students about training on managerial and educational competences for health services. Methods: Descriptive-exploratory study, with a qualitative approach, with academics from the last year of the Nursing course in 2017 from a Public University in southern Brazil. Results: 23 students participated in the study, with an average age of 26 years old and predominantly female. Participants answered a questionnaire with sociodemographic characterization and questions related to their training for the development of managerial and educational skills. All domains of essential managerial competencies were considered, with emphasis on leadership. Some pointed out other skills such as the good relationship of teamwork, good theoretical and practical preparation, involvement, commitment to service and ethical behavior. It was also evident that academics recognize the importance of graduation for the construction of their educational management skills. Conclusion: Since the course enables the expansion of theoretical knowledge on the theme, practical experience and the development of critical thinking, it is concluded that the trainees considered having learned about managerial and educational skills during graduation and highlighted them as extremely important for the nurses' performance in health services. (AU)

Objectivo: Conocer la percepción de los estudiantes de enfermería sobre la formación en competencias gerenciales y educativas para los servicios de salud. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo-exploratorio, con abordaje cualitativo, con académicos del último año del curso de Enfermería en 2017 de una Universidad Pública del sur de Brasil. Resultados: En el estudio participaron 23 estudiantes, con una edad promedio de 26 años y predominantemente mujeres. Los participantes respondieron un cuestionario con caracterización sociodemográfica y preguntas relacionadas con su formación para el desarrollo de habilidades directivas y educativas. Se consideraron todos los dominios de las competencias gerenciales esenciales, con énfasis en el liderazgo. Algunos señalaron otras habilidades como la buena relación de trabajo en equipo, buena preparación teórica y práctica, implicación, compromiso de servicio y comportamiento ético. También fue evidente que los académicos reconocen la importancia de la graduación para la construcción de sus habilidades de gestión educativa. Conclusión: Dado que el curso posibilita la expansión del conocimiento teórico sobre el tema, la experiencia práctica y el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico, se concluye que los becarios consideraron haber aprendido las habilidades gerenciales y educativas durante la graduación y las destacaron como de suma importancia para el desempeño de las enfermeras en servicios de salud. (AU)

Synthesis and perspectives from the Ottawa 2022 conference on the assessment of competence.

INTRODUCTION: The Ottawa Conference on the Assessment of Competence in Medicine and the Healthcare Professions was first convened in 1985 in Ottawa. Since then, what has become known as the Ottawa conference has been held in various locations around the world every 2 years. It has become an important conference for the community of assessment - including researchers, educators, administrators and leaders - to share contemporary knowledge and develop international standards for assessment in medical and health professions education. METHODS: The Ottawa 2022 conference was held in Lyon, France, in conjunction with the AMEE 2022 conference. A diverse group of international assessment experts were invited to present a symposium at the AMEE conference to summarise key concepts from the Ottawa conference. This paper was developed from that symposium. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: This paper summarises key themes and issues that emerged from the Ottawa 2022 conference. It highlights the importance of the consensus statements and discusses challenges for assessment such as issues of equity, diversity, and inclusion, shifts in emphasis to systems of assessment, implications of 'big data' and analytics, and challenges to ensure published research and practice are based on contemporary theories and concepts.

Leaderskills: instrumento de autoavaliação para o desenvolvimento de soft skills para a liderança autêntica em enfermagem / Leaderskills: self-assessment instrument for the development of soft skills for authentic leadership in nursing

Resumo: Introdução: Diante da globalização, de cenários de crise e de situações imprevisíveis, surge a necessidade do desenvolvimento de lideranças capazes de retornar as situações à sua normalidade. Nesse cenário, a liderança autêntica, apresenta uma proposta inovadora, baseada nos conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes da vida do líder. Parte dessa tríade, as habilidades, são divididas, teoricamente, em hard skiils (habilidades técnicas) e soft skills (habilidades pessoais e relacionamento). No contexto de trabalho da enfermagem, o enfermeiro ocupa lugar de destaque, perpassando pelas dimensões do gerenciamento e assistência, necessitando aperfeiçoar tais habilidades. Por ser a liderança autêntica, um processo de expressão íntima de quem nós somos, para que tais habilidades possam ser aprimoradas, é preciso desenvolver a autoconsciência por meio de processos de autoavaliação e autodesenvolvimento. Objetivo: Elaborar e validar instrumento de autoavaliação de habilidades pessoais para liderança autêntica em enfermagem. Método: Estudo metodológico, que visa a construção e validação de instrumento de autoavaliação de habilidades pessoais para a liderança autêntica em enfermagem, cujo nome dado foi "LEADERSKILLS". A validação do conteúdo, se deu mediante a técnica Delphi Online. Foi considerado como Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC) >=0,85 na primeira rodada e IVC >=0,80 na segunda rodada, baseado no quantitativo de especialistas e nas características do construto. Fizeram parte do painel de especialistas profissionais com no mínimo cinco pontos do critério para a seleção de especialistas de Joventino (2010). Participaram da primeira rodada 13 profissionais de enfermagem de todas as regiões do Brasil e da segunda, 5 profissionais. As avaliações transcorreram na primeira rodada, via plataforma Survey Monkey®, e a segunda pelos e-mails de resposta dos participantes, totalizando duas rodadas de consenso. Resultados: A primeira etapa de elaboração do construto permitiu gerar um esboço do instrumento que foi submetido a pré-teste aos participantes do grupo de pesquisa. Essa préavaliação, permitiu observar a necessidade de melhoria de aspectos visuais, que passaram por modificações com o designer gráfico. O resultado dessas alterações, gerou a primeira versão do instrumento que foi encaminhado para avaliação dos juízes. Foram avaliadas quatro categorias de dados, tais como: conteúdo, linguagem, layout, motivação e cultura. Dentro desses itens, foram elaboradas 17 questões de múltipla escolha e duas dissertativas. Do total de questões avaliadas, apenas duas (questão 11 e questão 17) não obtiveram consenso na primeira rodada. A segunda rodada de consenso culminou na validação do conteúdo do "LEADESKILLS". Conclusão: Dessa forma, a pesquisa permitiu atingir os objetivos propostos, corroborando com a literatura, a qual sinaliza a escassez e necessidade de estudo à temática das soft skills. Sendo assim, a construção desse instrumento, será um coadjuvante para o autoconhecimento e autodesenvolvimento, uma vez que fomentará o debate dos profissionais enfermeiros.

Abstract: Introduction: In the face of globalization, crisis scenarios and unpredictable situations, there is a need for the development of leaders capable of returning situations to their normality. In this scenario, authentic leadership presents an innovative proposal, based on the knowledge, skills and attitudes of the life of the leader. Part of this triad, the skills, are divided, theoretically, into hard skiils (technical skills) and soft skills (personal skills and relationship). In the context of nursing work, nurses occupy a prominent place, going through the dimensions of management and care, needing to improve these skills. Because it is authentic leadership, a process of intimate expression of who we are, so that such skills can be improved, it is necessary to develop self-awareness through processes of self-assessment and self-development. Objective: To develop and validate a self-assessment instrument of personal skills for authentic leadership in nursing. Method: Methodological study, which aims to construct and validate a self-assessment instrument of personal skills for authentic leadership in nursing, whose given name was "LEADERSKILLS". The content was validated using the Delphi Online technique. It was considered as Content Validity Index (CVI) >=0.85 in the first round and CVI >=0.80 in the second round, based on the number of experts and the characteristics of the construct. They were part of the panel of professional experts with at least five points of the criterion for the selection of experts of Joventino (2010). The first round of 13 nursing professionals from all regions of Brazil and the second, 5 professionals participated in the first round. The evaluations took place in the first round, via survey monkey® platform, and the second by the participants' response emails, totaling two rounds of consensus. Results: The first stage of construct elaboration allowed to generate an outline of the instrument that was submitted to pre-test to the participants of the research group. This pre-evaluation allowed us to observe the need to improve visual aspects, which underwent modifications with the graphic designer. The result of these changes generated the first version of the instrument that was forwarded for evaluation by the judges. Four categories of data were evaluated, such as: content, language, layout, motivation and culture. Within these items, 17 multiple choice questions and two dissertationquestions were elaborated. Of the total number of questions evaluated, only two (question 11 and question 17) did not reach consensus in the first round. The second round of consensus culminated in the validation of the content of the "LEADESKILLS". Conclusion: Thus, the research allowed to achieve the proposed objectives, corroborating the literature, which signals the scarcity and need to study the theme of soft skills. Thus, the construction of this instrument will be an adjunct to self-knowledge and self-development, since it will foster the debate of nursing professionals.

Post-CSCST fellowships: beyond subspecialization.

The transition from higher training to consultanthood is a crucial point in the medical training pathway. Despite comprehensive higher training programs, studies of new consultants have reported a disparity in their sense of preparation for non-clinical and clinical duties. Post- "Certificate of Satisfactory Completion of Specialist Training" (CSCST) fellowships have traditionally been undertaken as a means to access subspecialty clinical training which is otherwise unavailable in higher training programs. However, fellowships have a role beyond this subspecialization model, particularly in meeting the non-clinical training needs of new CSCST graduates.The design and goals of fellowship posts should be considered in this context, to align them with the reported needs of new consultants. Special consideration should be given to defining roles of independence for the fellow and to the nature of the mentorship relationship, distinguishing these posts from higher specialist training. Well-designed post-CSCST fellowships have an important role in facilitating the successful transition to consultanthood.

Processos de reflexividade dos psicólogos do esporte e coaches: um estudo fenomenológico / Reflexivity processes of sport psychologists and coaches: a phenomenological study / Procesos de reflexividad de psicólogos del deporte y coaches: un estudio fenomenológico

O objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar e compreender fenomenologicamente, por meio de relato de Psicólogos de Esporte (PE) e de Coaches, em sua vivência prática, como ocorrem os processos reflexivos em sua atuação, conforme apreendidos a partir de relatos de experiências. O método de investigação escolhido foi a fenomenologia, pois oferece os recursos necessários para tal mergulho junto à experiência reflexiva. A amostra intencional foi delineada por PE e Coaches (profissionais de Educação Física que recorrem ao Coaching) em atividade em esportes de alto rendimento, que tenham atuado ou estejam atuando em modalidades esportivas coletivas e/ou individuais. Realizaram-se nove entrevistas (cinco com PE, quatro com Coaches). O acesso ao objeto desse estudo se deu por meio de entrevistas em profundidade e semiestruturadas, orientadas pela escuta suspensiva. As questões disparadoras foram formuladas com base no Procedimento Estruturado de Reflexão adaptado. Para análise das entrevistas, realizou-se uma síntese de cada relato, seguindo-se de cruzamento intencional. Como resultados, percebeu-se que PE e Coaches trazem algumas similaridades no que se refere aos modos de refletir sobre sua prática. No entanto, as experiências que eles fazem desses processos reflexivos é que podem tomar rumos distintos. Os(as) PE amparam-se na regulamentação da profissão e resguardam-se em seus apontamentos, trazendo suas experiências e reflexões sobre os processos vividos. Os(as) Coaches trazem em suas explanações um trabalho coerente, organizado e compatível com o método do Coaching. Problematizar os processos reflexivos desses profissionais permite diferenciar qualitativa e eticamente suas atuações, possibilitando o fomento multiprofissional no esporte.(AU)

The aim of this study consists in phenomenologically identifying and understanding, by the report of Sport Psychologists (SP) and coaches, in their practical experience, how would be the reflexive processes that take place in their performance, as learned from reports of their experiences. The research method chosen was phenomenology, since it offers the necessary resources for such a dive along with the reflective experience. The intentional sample was outlined by SP and coaches (Physical Education professionals who use coaching) active in high performance sports, who have or are working in collective and/or individual sports. Nine interviews were conducted (five with SP, four with coaches). Access to the object of this study took place by in-depth and semi-structured interviews, guided by suspensive listening. The triggering questions were formulated based on the adapted Structured Reflection Procedure. For the analysis of the interviews, a synthesis of each report was carried out, followed by the intentional crossing. As results, it was noticed that SP and coaches bring some similarities regarding the ways of reflecting on their practice. However, their experiences of these reflective processes are that they can take different directions. The SP are based on the regulation of the profession and guard themselves in their notes, bringing their experiences and reflections on the processes experienced. Coaches bring in their explanations a coherent, organized, and compatible work with the coaching method. Problematizing the reflective processes of these professionals allows to differentiate their actuation qualitatively and ethically, making the multiprofessional phenomenon in sport possible.(AU)

El objetivo de este estudio consiste en identificar y comprender fenomenológicamente, a partir de la experiencia práctica de psicólogos del deporte (PD) y coaches, cómo serían los procesos reflexivos que se llevan a cabo en su rendimiento, tal y como se desprende de los informes de experiencias. El método de investigación elegido fue la fenomenología, ya que ofrece los recursos necesarios junto con la experiencia. La muestra intencional fue delineada por PD y coaches (profesionales de la educación física que utilizan el coaching) activos en deportes de alto rendimiento, que tienen o están trabajando en deportes colectivos e/o individuales. Se realizaron nueve entrevistas (cinco con PD, cuatro con coaches). El acceso al objeto de este estudio fue entrevistas en profundidad y semiestructuradas, guiadas por escuchas suspensivas. Las preguntas se formularon desde el procedimiento de reflexión estructurado adaptado. Para el análisis de las entrevistas, se hizo una síntesis de cada informe, seguida del cruce intencional. Como resultados, se notó que los PD y coaches tienen algunas similitudes con respecto a las formas de reflexionar sobre su práctica. Sin embargo, las experiencias que hacen de estos procesos pueden tomar diferentes direcciones. Los(las) PD se basan en la regulación de la profesión y se protegen en sus notas, aportando sus experiencias y reflexiones sobre los procesos vividos. Los(las) coaches plantean en sus explicaciones un trabajo coherente, organizado y compatible con el método de Coaching. Problematizar los procesos reflexivos de estos profesionales permite diferenciar sus acciones de manera cualitativa y ética, además de posibilitar la promoción multiprofesional en el deporte.(AU)

Curso en WhatsApp: "Determinantes sociales de la salud, educación y objetivos desarrollo sostenible" / Course through WhatsApp: "Social determinants of health, education and sustainable development objectives"

Fundamento: dotar a los profesionales de la Red Iberoamericana de Pedagogía (Redipe) de conocimientos para su actuación frente a la pandemia de la COVID-19 es una necesidad; realizarlo en un ambiente virtual, un desafío. Objetivo: describir el uso de la aplicación WhatsApp en un curso precongreso sobre determinantes sociales de la salud, educación y objetivos del desarrollo sostenible en tiempos de la COVID-19. Métodos: se realizó una investigación descriptiva en los meses de julio a agosto de 2022 con profesionales que forman parte de Redipe, Cuba. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: análisis-síntesis y enfoque sistémico; empíricos: revisión bibliográfica para la selección y fundamentación de contenidos del curso precongreso, técnica de lo positivo, negativo e interesante y el criterio de especialistas para la valoración del producto diseñado. Resultados: el curso precongreso estuvo estructurado en tres temas, con sus objetivos, contenidos, orientaciones metodológicas, tareas docentes y bibliografía básica. Concluido su diseño, fue valorado por especialistas e implementado en un ambiente virtual durante dos días. Se destacaron sus aspectos: positivo, la pertinencia de los contenidos aportados; negativo, la restricción de la tecnología por insuficiencias de teléfonos móviles; e interesante, la modernización indisoluble de los temas en conformidad con los artículos publicados en línea, entre otros criterios. Conclusiones: la aplicación WhatsApp se presenta como una herramienta para promover la colaboración e interacción durante el curso precongreso y como un recurso didáctico que fomentó el aprendizaje desde la educación a distancia.

Background: providing the professionals of the Ibero-American Network of Pedagogy (Redipe) with knowledge for their action when facing the COVID-19 pandemic is a necessity; doing it in a virtual environment, a challenge. Objective: to describe the use of the WhatsApp application in a pre-congress course on social determinants of health, education and sustainable development goals in times of COVID-19. Methods: a descriptive investigation was carried out from July to August 2022 with professionals who are part of Redipe, Cuba. Theoretical methods were used: analysis-synthesis and systemic approach; Empirical ones: bibliographic review for the selection and foundation of the contents of the pre-congress course, technique of the positive, negative and interesting and the criteria of specialists for the evaluation of the designed product. Results: the pre-congress course was structured in three topics, with its objectives, contents, methodological orientations, teaching tasks and basic bibliography. Once its design was completed, it was evaluated by specialists and implemented in a virtual environment for two days. Its aspects were highlighted: positive, the relevance of the content provided; negative, the restriction of technology due to insufficiencies of mobile phones; and interesting, the indissoluble modernization of the topics in accordance with the articles published online, among other criteria. Conclusions: the WhatsApp application is presented as a tool to promote collaboration and interaction during the pre-congress course and as a didactic resource that fostered learning from distance education.

Componente curricular projeto de vida: perspectivas de professoras da rede estadual de São Paulo / Curricular component life purpose: perspectives of teachers of the São Paulo state network / Componente curricular proyecto de vida: perspectivas de profesores de la red estadual de São Paulo

O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer a experiência de alguns professores ao lecionar projeto de vida durante a implementação do componente curricular Projeto de Vida no estado de São Paulo. Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, de caráter exploratório. Participaram do estudo sete professoras que lecionavam o componente curricular Projeto de Vida em duas escolas públicas, de uma cidade do interior do estado de São Paulo, escolhidas por conveniência. Foram utilizados o Questionário de Dados Sociodemográficos e o Protocolo de Entrevista Semiestruturada para Projeto de Vida de Professores, elaborados para este estudo. As professoras foram entrevistadas individualmente, on-line, e as entrevistas foram gravadas em áudio e vídeo. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise temática. Os resultados indicaram possibilidades e desafios em relação à implementação do componente curricular Projeto de Vida. Constatou- se que a maioria das docentes afirmou que escolheu esse componente curricular devido à necessidade de atingir a carga horária exigida na rede estadual. As professoras criticaram a proposta, os conteúdos e os materiais desse componente curricular. As críticas apresentadas pelas professoras estão em consonância com aquelas presentes na literatura em relação à reforma do Ensino Médio e ao Inova Educação. Esses resultados sugerem a necessidade de formação tanto nos cursos de licenciatura quanto em ações de formação continuada, para que os professores se sintam mais seguros e preparados para lecionar o componente curricular Projeto de Vida na Educação Básica. Propõe-se uma perspectiva de formação pautada na reflexão e na troca entre os pares para a construção de um projeto coletivo da escola para o componente Projeto de Vida.(AU)

This study aimed to know the experience of some teachers when teaching life purpose during the implementation of the curricular component "Life Purpose" (Projeto de Vida) in the state of São Paulo. A qualitative, exploratory research was carried out. Seven teachers who taught the curricular component "Life Purpose" (Projeto de Vida) in two public schools in a city in the inland state of São Paulo, chosen for convenience, participated in the study. The Sociodemographic Data Questionnaire and the Semi-structured Interview Protocol for Teachers' Life Purposes, developed for this study, were used. The teachers were interviewed individually, online, and the interviews were recorded in audio and video. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The results indicated possibilities and challenges regarding the implementation of the Life Purpose curricular component. It was found that most teachers chose this curricular component due to the need to reach the required workload in the state network. The teachers criticized the proposal, the contents and the materials of this curricular component. Teacher's critics are in line with the criticisms present in the literature regarding the reform of High School and Inova Educação. Therefore, training is essential, both in undergraduate courses and in continuing education actions, so that teachers can teach the curricular component Life Purpose in Basic Education. A training perspective based on reflection and exchange between peers is proposed for the construction of a collective school project for the Life Purpose component.(AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la experiencia de algunos profesores al enseñar proyecto de vida durante la implementación del componente curricular Proyecto de Vida en el estado de São Paulo. Se realizó una investigación cualitativa, exploratoria. Participaron en el estudio siete profesores que impartían el componente curricular Proyecto de Vida en dos escuelas públicas en un municipio del estado de São Paulo, elegidos por conveniencia. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos y el protocolo de entrevista semiestructurada para proyectos de vida de profesores, desarrollados para este estudio. Las entrevistas a los profesores fueron en línea, de manera individual, y fueron grabadas en audio y video. Los datos se sometieron a un análisis temático. Los resultados indicaron posibilidades y desafíos en relación a la implementación del componente curricular Proyecto de Vida. La mayoría de los profesores declararon elegir este componente curricular por la necesidad de alcanzar la carga horaria requerida en la red estatal. Los profesionales criticaron la propuesta, los contenidos y los materiales de este componente curricular. Las críticas presentadas están en línea con las críticas presentes en la literatura respecto a la reforma de la educación básica e Inova Educação. Por lo tanto, la formación es fundamental, tanto en los cursos de grado como en las acciones de educación permanente, para que los profesores puedan impartir el componente curricular Proyecto de Vida en la educación básica. Se propone una formación basada en la reflexión y el intercambio entre pares para la construcción de un proyecto escolar colectivo en el componente Proyecto de Vida.(AU)

Adaptação acadêmica em universitários / Academic adaptation in university students / Adaptación académica en estudiantes universitários

O objetivo do estudo foi investigar o impacto das variáveis habilidades sociais, resolução de problemas sociais, automonitoria, autoeficácia e coping na adaptação acadêmica em estudantes de instituições de ensino superior públicas e privadas. Participaram 637 estudantes de ambos os sexos, sendo 36,5% (115) homens de instituições públicas e 22,3% (72) de instituições privadas, com idade variando entre 18 e 38 anos (M=24,7; DP=6,3), de diferentes graduações. Foram utilizados o Inventário de Resolução de Problemas Sociais, o Inventário de Habilidades Sociais, a Escala de Automonitoria, a Escala de Autoeficácia Acadêmica de Estudantes do Ensino Superior, o Inventário de Estratégias de Coping e o Questionário de Vivências Acadêmicas-reduzido. A autoeficácia na gestão acadêmica (40,9%) e a autoafirmação na expressão de afeto positivo (13,7%) apresentaram maior impacto para os estudantes de instituições públicas e privadas, podendo contribuir com possíveis intervenções no processo de adaptação ao ensino superior. Pesquisas prospectivas podem investigar questões relacionadas a dados sociodemográficos.(AU)

The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of the variables Social Skills, Resolution of Social Problems, Self-monitoring, Self-efficacy and Coping on Academic Adaptation in students from public and private higher education institutions. 637 students of both sexes participated, being 36.5% (115) men from public institutions and 22.3% (72) from private institutions, aged between 18 to 38 years (M = 24.7; SD = 6.3), of different grades. The Social Problem Solving Inventory, the Social Skills Inventory, the Self-Monitring Scale, the Higher Education Students' Academic Self-Efficacy Scale, the Coping Strategies Inventory and the Academic Experiences-Reduced Questionnaire were used. Self-efficacy in Academic Management (40.9%) and Self-affirmation in the Expression of Positive Affection (13.7%) had a greater impact on students from public and private institutions, which may contribute to possible interventions in the process of adapting to Higher Education. Prospective research can investigate issues related to sociodemographic data.(AU)

El objetivo del estudio fue investigar el impacto de las variables Habilidades sociales, Resolución de problemas sociales, Autocontrol, Autoeficacia y Afrontamiento en la adaptación académica en estudiantes de instituciones de educación superior públicas y privadas. Participaron 637 estudiantes de ambos sexos, siendo 36,5% (115) hombres de instituciones públicas y 22,3% (72) de instituciones privadas, con edades entre 18 y 38 años (M = 24,7; SD = 6,3), de diferentes grados. Se utilizaron el Inventario de Resolución de Problemas Sociales, el Inventario de Habilidades Sociales, la Escala de Autocontrol, la Escala de Autoeficacia Académica de los Estudiantes de Educación Superior, el Inventario de Estrategias de Afrontamiento y el Cuestionario de Experiencias Académicas Reducidas. La Autoeficacia en la Gestión Académica (40,9%) y la Autoafirmación en la Expresión de Afecto Positivo (13,7%) tuvieron un mayor impacto en los estudiantes de instituciones públicas y privadas, lo que puede contribuir a posibles intervenciones en el proceso de adaptación a la Educación Superior. La investigación prospectiva puede investigar cuestiones relacionadas con los datos sociodemográficos.(AU)

A disciplina psicologia do esporte nos cursos de psicologia e educação física / Sports psychology in psychology and physical education courses / La materia psicología del deporte en los cursos de psicología y educación física

Este discute a representatividade da disciplina Psicologia do Esporte nos cursos de Psicologia e Educação Física em instituições de ensino superior reconhecidas pelo MEC e situadas na região Sul do país. Foi realizado um estudo documental, com base nos currículos das Instituições. Os resultados revelaram que no Sul do Brasil 21,02% dos cursos de Psicologia, 41,96% dos cursos de bacharelado em Educação Física e apenas 14,83% dos cursos de licenciatura em Educação Física apresentam a disciplina Psicologia do Esporte em sua grade curricular. Observou-se que a disciplina é ofertada mais frequentemente em regime obrigatório nos cursos de bacharelado em Educação Física. Nos cursos de Psicologia, quando ofertada, costuma ser optativa. Os resultados evidenciam uma maior oferta da disciplina para os estudantes de Educação Física, em relação aos de Psicologia, o que pode estar relacionado ao próprio contexto de surgimento da disciplina e sua popularização no meio acadêmico. Para que esse panorama possa mudar e se possa oferecer uma formação adequada no curso de Psicologia para fomentar essa opção de carreira, há necessidade de se repensar o currículo e o próprio perfil do egresso, de forma a dar mais oportunidade aos estudantes para que conheçam as bases teóricas e os campos de aplicação da Psicologia do Esporte. Tal lacuna pode acarretar a fragilização da disseminação desse conhecimento aos estudantes de graduação e a consequente ocupação do mercado de trabalho.(AU)

This study discusses the representativeness of Sports Psychology in Psychology and Physical Education courses at higher education institutions from Southern Brazil. A documentary study was conducted based on the institutions' curricula. Results show that 21.02% of the Psychology major, 41.96% of the bachelor's in Physical Education, and only 14.83% of the license in Physical Education offer Sports Psychology in their curricula. Sports Psychology is most often offered as a compulsory subject in the bachelor's program in Physical Education, whereas Psychology courses offer it mainly as an elective. Physical Education students have greater contact with the discipline when compared with Psychology students, which may be explained by its context of development and popularization in the academic environment. To change this scenario and offer adequate education in the Psychology programs to foster this career option, institutions must rethink their curriculum and the graduate profile itself. This would give students better opportunity to get to know its theoretical bases and fields of application. Such a gap can hinder the dissemination of this knowledge to undergraduate students and the consequent labor market occupation.(AU)

El objetivo de este estudio es discutir la representatividad de la materia Psicología del Deporte en los cursos de Psicología y Educación Física en instituciones de educación superior de la región Sur de Brasil, reconocidas por el Ministerio de Educación (MEC). Se realizó un estudio documental, basado en los planes de estudio de las instituciones. Los resultados revelaron que, en el Sur de Brasil, el 21,02% de los cursos de Psicología, el 41,96% de los cursos de licenciatura en Educación Física y sólo el 14,83% de los cursos de profesorado en Educación tienen la materia Psicología del Deporte en sus planes de estudio. Se observó que la materia Psicología del Deporte se ofrece con mayor frecuencia como asignatura obligatoria en los cursos de licenciatura en Educación Física. Cuando se ofrece en los cursos de Psicología, es una materia optativa. Los resultados muestran una mayor oferta para los estudiantes de Educación Física en comparación con Psicología, lo que puede estar relacionado con el contexto del surgimiento de la Psicología del Deporte como materia y su popularización en el ámbito académico. Para que este escenario cambie y sea posible ofrecer una formación adecuada en el curso de Psicología con el fin de fomentar esta opción de carrera, es necesario repensar el plan de estudios y el perfil del egresado, así los estudiantes tendrán más oportunidades de conocer sus bases teóricas y sus campos de actuación. Tal brecha puede debilitar la difusión de este conocimiento a los estudiantes de grado y la consecuente ocupación en el mercado laboral.(AU)

A competência normativa frente aos novos atores políticos: um estudo de caso da telemedicina / The normative competence in the face of new political actors: a case study of telemedicine

Resumo A regulação da prática de telemedicina no Brasil tem se mostrado tortuosa desde seu reconhecimento pela Resolução nº 1.643/2002, do Conselho Federal de Medicina (CFM), havendo questionamentos quanto à competência deste para inserção da prática. Em 2018, o conselho editou nova resolução, mas que foi revogada em função da repercussão negativa. A pandemia de covid-19 pressionou os serviços de saúde de tal forma que o Poder Legislativo Federal foi impelido ao conflito e editou a Lei nº 13.989/2020, permitindo a prática de telemedicina durante o período da crise sanitária. O art. 6º da lei delegou ao CFM a competência para regulação da prática pós-pandemia, acirrando ainda mais as discussões. Este trabalho constitui um estudo de caso sobre a regulação da telemedicina no Brasil, buscando identificar os conflitos jurídicos impostos pela atuação do CFM em substituição ao Poder Legislativo. Utiliza o modelo político de implementação de políticas públicas de William Clune como base da análise, empregando o método da pesquisa documental qualitativa. Conclui-se que a implementação da telemedicina deve considerar as forças políticas em atuação, compreendendo o papel do CFM no processo normativo, para que se obtenha, no texto legal, uma política pública compatível com a realidade e apta a ser implementada.

Abstract The regulation of telemedicine in Brazil has been tortuous since its recognition by the Resolution No. 1,643/2002, of the Federal Council of Medicine (CFM), with issues regarding its competence to insert this practice. In 2018, the council issued a new resolution but it was revoked due to negative repercussions. The covid-19 pandemic put pressure on health services in such a way that the National Congress was pushed into conflict and enacted the Federal Law No. 13,989/2020, which allowed the practice of telemedicine during the period of health crisis. The article 6 of the law delegated the competence to regulate the post-pandemic practice to the CFM, further intensifying the discussions. This work is a case study on the regulation of telemedicine in Brazil, seeking to identify the legal conflicts imposed by the action of CFM in substitution of the Legislative Power. It uses the political model of implementation of public policies by William Clune as the basis for the analysis, using the qualitative documentary research method. In conclusion, the implementation of telemedicine must consider the political forces involved, understanding the CFM's role in the normative process, to obtain, in the legal text, a public policy compatible with reality and capable of being implemented.