Effect of the seed coating with biomass of Dunaliella salina on early plant growth and in the secondary metabolites content of Coriandrum sativum.

The environmental and health risks associated with the application of synthetic chemical inputs in agriculture increased the demand for technologies that allow higher performance and quality of vegetable crops by implementing synergistic materials with the principles of sustainability. In this work, the seed coating with the biomass of Dunaliella salina incorporated in a bioplastic film of Manihot esculenta (cassava) was evaluated as an initial growth and secondary compounds stimulator of Coriandrum sativum (coriander) plants. The obtained results demonstrated that the coating stimulated an increase in the germination percentage (28.75%) and also in concentration of bioactive compounds, such as the six-fold increment of caffeic acid (13.33 mg 100 g-1). The carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins present in the microalgae biomass seem to be responsible for these increments once they are known for providing energy to the seedling development and coordinating the secondary metabolites synthesis. As conclusion, we consider the coating with biomass of D. salina an alternative for crop improvement that contributes to the development of sustainable agricultural practices.

Effects of supplementing broiler diets with coriander seed powder on growth performance, blood haematology, ileum microflora and economic efficiency.

A total of 480 one-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly assigned to four dietary groups, each including six replicates (n = 20/replicate). Broilers in the first group (G1) were fed a basal diet without any additives (control). Broilers in groups 2, 3 and 4 (G2, G3 and G4) were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.4% coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) seed powder (CSP) respectively. Feeding trials lasted for 42 days, and after that growth, carcass traits, haematological parameters, gut microbiota and economic efficiency (EE) were evaluated. Final body weight (FBW), total weight gain (TWG), total feed intake (TFI) and red blood cell (RBC) counts of broilers in the G4 and G3 treatment groups were significantly higher (p < .05) compared with broilers in the G1 treatment group. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was better (p < .05) in the G4 treatment group (1.72) than in the G1 treatment group (1.84). Broilers in CSP treatment groups had significantly higher haemoglobin (Hb) concentrations, packed cell volume (PCV) and platelet counts, and had lower (p < .05) Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens counts compared with broilers in the G1 treatment group. Dressing, liver, pancreas, bursa and thymus percentages were higher (p < .05) in broilers in the G4 (70.30, 3.18, 0.31, 0.10 and 0.32% respectively) treatment group, compared with broilers in the control (G1) group (66.57, 2.37, 0.23, 0.04 and 0.21% respectively). Broilers in treatment groups G4 and G3 had lower percentages of abdominal fat and lower total bacterial counts (p < .05) than broilers in treatment groups G2 and G1. The highest economic efficiency (EE) was found in treatment group G4, and EE in this group was 13.06% greater than in the control (G1) group.

Assessment of Trace Metal and Metalloid Accumulation and Human Health Risk from Vegetables Consumption through Spinach and Coriander Specimens Irrigated with Wastewater.

This study focused on evaluating the metal and metalloid contamination and associated risks in the two vegetables crops, coriander (Coriandrum sativum) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea) treated with three water regimes, canal water, groundwater and municipal wastewater. These vegetables are widely consumed by people and are also used in traditional medicine for treating various disorders. Metal and metalloid accumulation (Zn, Pb, Se, Cu, As, Mo, Fe, Ni) was found higher in vegetables treated with wastewater. Wastewater treated soil had high pollution load index. Fe, Zn, As and Pb had higher values in water, soil and vegetables as compared to other studied metals. Overall, metal correlation for soil and vegetables was significant and positive except for Fe and Cu in spinach. The highest value for daily metal intake was estimated for Fe while Se had the lowest value for the same index. It was thus concluded that trace metal and metalloid accumulation was a major health concern for the public consuming these vegetables.

Assessment of metal contents in spices and herbs from Saudi Arabia.

In the recent years, there has been a growing interest in monitoring heavy metal contamination of spices/herbs. Spices and herbs are sources of many bioactive compounds that can improve the tastes of food as well as influence digestion and metabolism processes. In the present study, the levels of some essential and toxic elements such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd), present in common spices/herbs that were purchased from the local market in Saudi Arabia, were analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy after digestion with nitric acid/hydrogen peroxide mixture. Samples from the following spices/herbs were used: turmeric, cloves, black pepper, red pepper, cumin, legume, cinnamon, abazir, white pepper, ginger, and coriander. The concentration ranges for the studied elements were found as 48.8-231, 4.7-19.4, 2.5-10.5, below detection level (BDL)-1.0, 8.8-490, 1.0-2.6, and BDL-3.7 µg g(-1) for Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Pb, respectively, while Cd and Co levels were below the detection limit. Consumers of these spices/herbs would not be exposed to any risk associated with the daily intake of 10 g of spices per day as far as metals Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Pb are concerned.

Toxicity assessment of cerium oxide nanoparticles in cilantro (Coriandrum sativum L.) plants grown in organic soil.

Studies have shown that CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs) can be accumulated in plants without modification, which could pose a threat for human health. In this research, cilantro (Coriandrum sativum L.) plants were germinated and grown for 30 days in soil amended with 0 to 500 mg kg⁻¹ CeO2 NPs and analyzed by spectroscopic techniques and biochemical assays. At 125 mg kg⁻¹, plants produced longer roots (p ≤ 0.05), and at 500 mg kg⁻¹, there was higher Ce accumulation in tissues (p ≤ 0.05). At 125 mg, catalase activity significantly increased in shoots and ascorbate peroxidase in roots (p ≤ 0.05). The FTIR analyses revealed that at 125 mg kg⁻¹ the CeO2 NPs changed the chemical environment of carbohydrates in cilantro shoots, for which changes in the area of the stretching frequencies were observed. This suggests that the CeO2 NPs could change the nutritional properties of cilantro.

Phytotoxicity assessment of methanolic extracts from Coriadrum sativum L. fruits.

UNLABELLED: The fruits of Coriandrum sativum L. (Apiaceae) are used as a spicing and flavoring agent in food products and are also recommended as a drug in the treatment of digestive tract disorders. The safety of botanicals and botanical preparations used as food supplements is of great interest, as the market of such products is expanding worldwide. AIM: In this study, aimed at assessing the safety of coriander as food ingredient, we investigated the phytotoxicity of fruit extracts on Triticum aestivum L. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied the effects of methanolic coriander fruit extracts, Omagiu cultivar (VI-V3; three dilutions: 1%, 2.5% and 5% in distilled water), upon germination, elongation, and accumulation of fresh and dry biomass in the plants; also it was investigated the influence of the extracts on mythosis in root tissues. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS: The extracts did not influence the germination and growth of test plants and did not inhibit root and shoot elongation of wheat plants (a 20% increase in root length over the control being registered for V2 1%). Frequency of aberrant anaphases and telophases in Triticum aestivum L. varied slightly around the percentage of the control, the highest percent of aberrant chromosomes (5.07 %) being observed in V3 2.5%. CONCLUSIONS: The investigated coriander fruit extracts did not have phytotoxic effects but had a slight stimulating effect on germination and growth of Triticum aestivum L.

Safety assessment of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) essential oil as a food ingredient.

Coriander essential oil is used as a flavor ingredient, but it also has a long history as a traditional medicine. It is obtained by steam distillation of the dried fully ripe fruits (seeds) of Coriandrum sativum L. The oil is a colorless or pale yellow liquid with a characteristic odor and mild, sweet, warm and aromatic flavor; linalool is the major constituent (approximately 70%). Based on the results of a 28 day oral gavage study in rats, a NOEL for coriander oil is approximately 160 mg/kg/day. In a developmental toxicity study, the maternal NOAEL of coriander oil was 250 mg/kg/day and the developmental NOAEL was 500 mg/kg/day. Coriander oil is not clastogenic, but results of mutagenicity studies for the spice and some extracts are mixed; linalool is non-mutagenic. Coriander oil has broad-spectrum, antimicrobial activity. Coriander oil is irritating to rabbits, but not humans; it is not a sensitizer, although the whole spice may be. Based on the history of consumption of coriander oil without reported adverse effects, lack of its toxicity in limited studies and lack of toxicity of its major constituent, linalool, the use of coriander oil as an added food ingredient is considered safe at present levels of use.