Assessment of Peri-Implant Soft Tissues Conditions around Short and Ultra-Short Implant-Supported Single Crowns: A 3-Year Retrospective Study on Periodontally Healthy Patients and Patients with a History of Periodontal Disease.

The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate implant survival, marginal bone loss and peri-implant complications in 326 short and ultra-short implants. Implants were placed in the maxillary and mandibular posterior regions of 140 patients with (PP) and without (NPP) a history of periodontal disease. Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed at 3-year recall appointments. The 8.0, 6.0 and 5.0 mm-length implants placed in PP and NPP were respectively 43.75% and 38.46%, 35.10% and 34.19%, 21.15% and 27.35%; 325 implants (one early failure) were rehabilitated with single crowns in 139 patients. Overall implant survival after 3 years of follow-up was 97.55%, 98.08% and 96.61% for PP and NPP (p = 0.46). Crestal bone level variations were not statistically different among PP and NPP; 15.41% of implants presented signs of mucositis, 14.71% and 16.67% in PP and NPP (p = 0.64). Setting the threshold for bone loss at 2 mm after 36 months, peri-implantitis prevalence was 2.2%, 1.96% and 2.63% in PP and NPP (p = 0.7). Overall implant success was 82.39%, 83.33% and 80.7% for PP and NPP (p = 0.55). Short-term outcomes suggest that short and ultra-short locking-taper implants can successfully be restored with single crowns in the posterior jaws both in PP and NPP.

Assessment of 68 Prosthodontic Crowns in 41 Pet and Working Dogs (2000-2012).

A search of the medical and dental records at the Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania was conducted to identify dogs that received full or partial prosthodontic crowns over a 13-year period (2000-2012). Forty-one dogs with a total of 68 prosthodontic crowns were identified. Further criteria for acceptance into the study included presence of complete medical records containing adequate information pertaining to the procedures performed, and current follow-up either by telephone, electronic mail, or via in-person examination. Treatment was considered to be successful when the prosthodontic crown was in place and there was no further structural injury to the tooth upon making contact with the client or at the time of death of the dog confirmed by the client. The mean number of days the prosthodontic crowns remained in place without further injury to the tooth was 1,598 (range, 161-4, 464 days [median, 1,414 days], standard deviation 1,093 days). Bond failure between the cement and the tooth or the cement and the prosthodontic crown occurred in 3 cases (4.4%). Fracture of the prosthodontically treated tooth occurred in an additional 7 cases (10.3%). Treatment was classified as successful in 58 cases (85.3%). The results suggest that prosthodontic crown therapy is a successful, practical, and durable treatment option for protection of previously injured teeth in pet and working dogs.

An Up-to-15-Year Comparison of the Survival and Complication Burden of Three-Unit Tooth-Supported Fixed Dental Prostheses and Implant-Supported Single Crowns.

PURPOSE: To assess and compare the outcomes and economic complication burden of three-unit tooth-supported fixed dental prostheses (TFDPs) and implant-supported single crowns (ISCs) provided to a sequential cohort in a specialist prosthodontic practice over a 15-year period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sequential patients requiring replacement of a single missing tooth between 1996 and 2010 with a metal-ceramic three-unit TFDP (n = 145 patients, n = 174 prostheses) or ISC (n = 174 patients, n = 220 prostheses) were included. Prostheses subjectively judged at insertion to have an unfavorable 10-year prognosis (17 TFDPs, 0 ISCs) were removed from statistical analyses. The estimated cumulative survival (ECS) was calculated with the life table actuarial method and standard errors calculated with the Greenwood formula. Differences in outcomes between all prostheses and those replacing only anterior or only posterior teeth were assessed with the log rank test. Complication incidence, severity, and economic burden, measured in time/cost accounting units (TAUs), were tallied and compared descriptively. RESULTS: The 15-year ECS did not differ for 112 TFDPs (92.75% ± 3.28%) and 81 ISCs (95.95% ± 2.92%) replacing posterior teeth. However, the 15-year ECS was significantly greater for 139 ISCs (93.33% ± 6.44%) than for 45 TFDPs (82.82% ± 6.50%) replacing anterior teeth. The economic burden of nonterminal complications for both prostheses was low (mean = 0.3 and 0.2 TAUs per prosthesis for TFDPs and ISCs, respectively). This equated to 3 TAUs/100 years in clinical service and 4 TAUs/100 years in clinical service for the TFDPs and ISCs, respectively. CONCLUSION: The survival of three-unit TFDPs and ISCs over 15 years was not statistically different when replacing posterior teeth, but ISCs survived significantly better when replacing anterior teeth. The complication rates of the TFDPs and ISCs were similar, but the economic burden for the TFDPs was greater.

Dental treatment need and dental general anesthetics among preschool-age children with cleft lip and palate in northern Finland.

Cleft lip and palate incidence is high in northern Finland. This study aimed to investigate the proportion of children in need of restorative dental treatment among cleft lip and palate patients in northern Finland, as well as their need for dental treatment under general anesthesia. The records of 183 cleft lip and palate patients, treated in Oulu University Hospital from 1997 to 2013, were reviewed. Data on dental caries were analyzed in association with cleft type, considering also the presence of syndromes. The frequency of dental general anesthetic (DGA) use, and of treatments, were also analyzed. Dental treatment need was most frequently observed, in this rather limited study population, in patients with the most severe deformities, namely bilateral cleft lip and palate, of whom 60% had caries. Among the study population, 11.5% (n = 21) had a syndrome. Of those, 57.1% had dental caries at the age of 3 or 6 yr, and only four could be treated without a DGA. Dental treatment under general anesthesia was performed in 14.8% of cleft patients without a syndrome, but in 38.1% of those with a syndrome. General anaesthesia is required for the provision of dental care more often in cleft (17.5%) than in non-cleft (0.2%) patients, and especially for those with a syndrome.

Dental treatment needs and health care-seeking behaviours of patients with acute odontogenic infections in Lithuania.

AIMS: To assess patients with acute odontogenic maxillofacial infections (AOMIs), regarding their functional dentition and dental treatment needs, and identify factors explaining these outcomes. METHODS: During a 1-year period, 160 patients with AOMIs were treated at the specialised dental care centre of Vilnius University. Both oral status and specific dental treatment needs were evaluated for each patient. For the restorative dental treatment need, we examined if patients needed fillings, crowns or bridges. Periodontal dental treatment needs were based only on the most severe cases, and patients were allocated either to a group for which periodontal treatment was recommended or to a group that did not need periodontal treatment. Based on these clinical assessments, four ratios for specific dental treatment needs (restorations, extractions, endodontic treatment and periodontal treatment) and two summative ratios (total dental treatment needs and presence of a functional dentition) were calculated. The questionnaire included variables from various domains. RESULTS: Patients with AOMIs retained one-third of their functional dentition and the mean ± standard deviation of their total dental treatment needs was 46.0 ± 29.7%, of which 32.4 ± 17.1% related to the need for restorations. Higher dental treatment needs were associated with a low level of education, low income, irregular oral self-care, systemic diseases and self-treatment of acute dental conditions before seeking professional help. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with AOMIs retained one-third of their functional dentition, and almost half of their dentition were in need of dental treatment.

Pocket depth and bleeding on probing and their associations with dental, lifestyle, socioeconomic and blood variables: a cross-sectional, multicenter feasibility study of the German National Cohort.

BACKGROUND: To investigate the periodontal disease status in a multi-center cross-sectional study in Germany. Associations of dental, socio-economic, blood and biomedical variables with periodontal outcome parameters were evaluated. METHODS: From 4 different centers N = 311 persons were included, drawn randomly from the registration offices. Maximal pocket depth (PD) was used as primary indicator for periodontitis. It was classified as: no/mild ≤3 mm, moderate 4-5 mm, severe ≥6 mm. Associations between socioeconomic (household income, education), lifestyle, and biomedical factors and PD or bleeding on probing (BOP) per site ("Yes"/"No") was analyzed with logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Mean age of subjects was 46.4 (range 20-77) years. A significantly higher risk of deeper pockets for smokers (OR = 2.4, current vs. never smoker) or persons with higher BMI (OR = 1.6, BMI increase by 5) was found. Severity of periodontitis was significantly associated with caries lesions (p = 0.01), bridges (p < .0001), crowns (p < .0001), leukocytes (p = 0.04), HbA1c (p < .0001) and MCV (p = 0.04). PD was positively correlated with BOP. No significant associations with BOP were found in regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Earlier findings for BMI and smoking with severity of PD were confirmed. Dental variables might be influenced by potential confounding factors e.g. dental hygiene. For blood parameters interactions with unknown systemic diseases may exist.

Do early dental visits reduce treatment and treatment costs for children?

PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper was to determine if number and cost of dental treatments in high caries-risk children differs in children with early dental intervention compared to children with later intervention. METHODS: Billing data from children age zero to seven years old, whose first dental visit was between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2004, were collected from 20 corporate treatment centers serving children from lower socioeconomic status backgrounds. Data included age at first visit, dental treatment codes, and associated costs for eight years after the first dental visit. Treatment included restorations, crowns, pulpotomies, and extractions. First visit age was categorized into early starters (younger than four years old) and late starters (four years of age or older). Linear regression with cluster adjustment for clinic determined a difference in costs and dental treatments by early and late starters. RESULTS: Of 42,532 subjects, 17,040 (40 percent) were early starters and 25,492 (60 percent) were late starters. There were 3.58 more dental procedures performed on late starters, over eight years of follow-up, than on early starters (P<.001). Late starters spent $360 more over eight years of follow-up than early starters (P<.001). CONCLUSION: In this study, number of procedures performed were fewer and cost of treatment less for children seen earlier versus later.

Antenatal and intrapartum risk factors for use of emergency and restorative Medicaid dental services for children.

PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between antenatal/intrapartum factors and Medicaid use. METHODS: Three databases were used: (1) birth records; (2) Medicaid files; and (3) Medicaid dental claims. RESULTS: Children of Caucasian mothers were 34 percent more likely to have more than one restorative claim versus children of African American mothers (odds ratio [OR] equals 1.34, 95 percent confidence interval [95% CI] equals 1.10 to 1.65, P<.005). Children born with low birth weight were 37 percent more likely to have emergency claims (OR equals 1.37, 95% CI equals 1.02 to 1.83, P=.03). The adjusted analysis found that Caucasian mothers had higher odds ratio of having a dental claim than African American mothers (P<.001): 33 percent for a restorative claim and 56 percent for an emergency claim. When race was analyzed, the odds of a restorative claim among African American mothers were 2.5 times higher in children delivered by C-section versus those vaginally delivered (OR equals 2.52, 95% CI equals 1.02-6.2, P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study found: an association between children of Caucasian mothers and the likelihood of experiencing claims; and a relationship between children born with low birth weight and C-section and the likelihood of use of Medicaid services.

Dental technology services and industry trends in New Zealand from 2010 to 2012.

OBJECTIVE: To provide a snapshot of the New Zealand dental technology industry and influencing factors. BACKGROUND: Developing an understanding of the commercial dental laboratory environment in New Zealand can provide insight into the entire dental industry. METHODS: A web-based survey was the primary method for data collection, with separate questionnaires used for dental laboratory owners and dental technician employees. RESULTS: The mean net income for dental laboratory owners in New Zealand was similar to that of the United Kingdom, at $40.50 per hour. Clinical dental technicians are the highest paid employees, with a mean of $33.49 per hour. The mean technical charge for complete dentures was $632.59; including clinical services, it was $1907.00. The mean charge for a porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) crown was $290.27. Dental laboratory owners expressed fear about the possibility of losing dental clients to overseas laboratories due to the availability and cheap charge of offshore work. Only 25.4% of dental laboratories surveyed had computer-aided design (CAD) facilities, and even fewer (7.9%) had computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) systems. CONCLUSION: Clinical dental technology appears to be prospering. The dental technology industry appears to be adapting and remains viable, despite facing many challenges.

Preventive Services by Medical and Dental Providers and Treatment Outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: Nearly all state Medicaid programs reimburse nondental primary care providers (PCPs) for providing preventive oral health services to young children; yet, little is known about how treatment outcomes compare with children visiting dentists. This study compared the association between the provider of preventive services (PCP, dentist, or both) with Medicaid-enrolled children before their third birthday and subsequent dental caries-related treatment (CRT) and CRT payment. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of young children enrolled in North Carolina Medicaid during 2000 to 2006. The annual number of CRT and CRT payments per child between the ages of 3 and 5 yr were estimated with a zero-inflated negative binomial regression and a hurdle model, respectively. Models were adjusted for relevant child- and county-level characteristics and used propensity score weighting to address observed confounding. RESULTS: We examined 41,453 children with > 1 preventive oral health visit from a PCP, dentist, or both before their third birthday. Unadjusted annual mean CRT and payments were lowest among children who had only PCP visits (CRT = 0.87, payment = $172) and higher among children with only dentist visits (CRT = 1.48, payment = $234) and both PCP and dentist visits (CRT = 1.52, payment = $273). Adjusted results indicated that children who had dentist visits (with or without PCP visits) had significantly more CRT and higher CRT payments per year during the ages of 3 and 4 yr than children who had only PCP visits. However, these differences attenuated each year after age 3 yr. CONCLUSIONS: Because of children's increased opportunity to receive multiple visits in medical offices during well-child visits, preventive oral health services provided by PCPs may lead to a greater reduction in CRT than dentist visits alone. This study supports guidelines and reimbursement policies that allow preventive dental visits based on individual needs.

Unmet dental need in community-dwelling adults with mental illness: results from the 2007 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.

BACKGROUND: Mental illness (MI) affects approximately one in five U.S. adults, and it is associated with oral disease and poor dental treatment outcomes. Little is known about dental care utilization or unmet dental need in this population. METHODS: The authors examined data regarding presence or absence of dental visits and unmet dental need in community-dwelling adults with MI from the 2007 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. They tested differences between adults with and without MI by using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Eighteen percent of adults (N = 19,368) had MI, and of these, 6.8 percent had unmet dental need. Although people with MI were not significantly more likely to have had a dental visit (46.3 percent) than were those without MI (42.2 percent; odds ratio [OR], 1.09; 95 percent confidence interval [CI], 0.97-1.23), they were significantly more likely to report unmet need (11.0 versus 5.3 percent; OR, 2.00; 95 percent CI, 1.67-2.41). Those with mood or anxiety disorders were most likely to report having an unmet dental need (P < .001 for all values). CONCLUSIONS: Although people with MI did not visit the dentist significantly more often than did adults without MI, their higher level of unmet need suggests that current use of dental services is not addressing their needs adequately. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Dentists should be familiar with MI conditions as patients with MI may have greater unmet dental need.

Evaluating components of dental care utilization among adults with diabetes and matched controls via hurdle models.

BACKGROUND: About one-third of adults with diabetes have severe oral complications. However, limited previous research has investigated dental care utilization associated with diabetes. This project had two purposes: to develop a methodology to estimate dental care utilization using claims data and to use this methodology to compare utilization of dental care between adults with and without diabetes. METHODS: Data included secondary enrollment and demographic data from Washington Dental Service (WDS) and Group Health Cooperative (GH), clinical data from GH, and dental-utilization data from WDS claims during 2002-2006. Dental and medical records from WDS and GH were linked for enrollees continuously and dually insured during the study. We employed hurdle models in a quasi-experimental setting to assess differences between adults with and without diabetes in 5-year cumulative utilization of dental services. Propensity score matching adjusted for differences in baseline covariates between the two groups. RESULTS: We found that adults with diabetes had lower odds of visiting a dentist (OR = 0.74, p < 0.001). Among those with a dental visit, diabetes patients had lower odds of receiving prophylaxis (OR = 0.77), fillings (OR = 0.80) and crowns (OR = 0.84) (p < 0.005 for all) and higher odds of receiving periodontal maintenance (OR = 1.24), non-surgical periodontal procedures (OR = 1.30), extractions (OR = 1.38) and removable prosthetics (OR = 1.36) (p < 0.001 for all). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with diabetes are less likely to use dental services. Those who do are less likely to use preventive care and more likely to receive periodontal care and tooth-extractions. Future research should address the possible effectiveness of additional prevention in reducing subsequent severe oral disease in patients with diabetes.

[Foreign dentures and dental tourism--willingness-to-pay and factors influencing the demand for foreign dental prosthesis in Germany]. / Auslandszahnersatz und Dentaltourismus--Zahlungsbereitschaft und Einflussfaktoren auf die Nachfrage nach ausländischem Zahnersatz in Deutschland.

With the progressive realisation of the single European market, public interest has been directed towards cross-border healthcare services to an increasing extent. More and more dentures are being imported into Germany from foreign countries. Furthermore, patients are becoming ever more mobile, travelling to other countries to receive prosthetic treatment from dentists. The objective of this evaluation was to determine by means of a dedicated questionnaire the patients' individual preferences for foreign dentures and the potential savings. 1 368 individuals between the ages of 30 and 75 years were interviewed within a representative omnibus survey. The evaluation of the individual willingness-to-pay included 4 treatment scenarios, which were assessed by the participants in a "bidding game". Participants could choose between a "crown scenario" and an "implant scenario", both with the subcategories "foreign dentures" and "dental tourism". The direct comparison revealed a preference for the "foreign dentures" option over "dental tourism". Average willingness-to-pay for the dental tourism option in the crown scenario was calculated as 80 Euro, and in the implant scenario as 280 Euro less in comparison with the willingness-to-pay for the foreign dentures option. The willingness to switch to a less expensive dentist was one of the main determinants in the causal explanation for the variance in willingness-to-pay. Quality proved to be the decisive criterion and was indicated by 92.4% participants. A lower price for dentures played a subordinate role and was only stated as the decisive factor by 31.1% participants. In conclusion, the results clearly indicate that the decision for or against foreign dentures and the extent of willingness-to-pay depends on a range of criteria, of which "price" is only one and not the decisive factor.

Review of outcomes from a change in faculty clinic management in a U.S. dental school.

Dental schools use a variety of clinic management models with the goals of promoting patient care, student education, and fiscal responsibility. In 2004, the University of the Pacific Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry transitioned to a more generalist model with these goals in mind. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of this clinic model change relative to the quantity of specific procedures completed by students. The quantity of procedures completed by each student from the classes of 1995 through 2009 were compiled from our electronic clinic management system and analyzed. The post-transition group (2004-09) showed a greater number of completed oral diagnosis and treatment planning and root planing procedures per student compared to the pre-transition group (1995-2003), but fewer crowns, root canals, operative procedures, and dentures. Because the higher procedure numbers were for low-cost procedures, our transition to a generalist model did not necessarily enhance clinic income but may support student learning and enhanced patient care.

Differences in pediatric dental services under general anesthesia for Medicaid and military dependent children.

PURPOSE: This study's purpose was to compare pediatric dental services provided for Medicaid and military dependent children to determine if differences in dental treatment choices exist based on site and payment method. METHODS: Subjects included 120 Medicaid patients at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio and 120 military dependents at Lackland Air Force Base, Texas. Demographic data and treatment information were abstracted for children younger than 6 years old receiving dental treatment under general anesthesia between 2002 and 2006. Data was analyzed using Wilcoxon rank sum, Kruskal-Wallis, and Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS: The Medicaid recipients were younger (40.2 vs 49.8 months, P<.001) and more likely to be Hispanic (78% vs 30%, P<.001). The means of decayed teeth, fillings, and stainless steel crowns did not differ between sites. Medicaid children received more composite fillings (P<.001), fewer amalgam fillings (P<.001), fewer pulp therapies (P<.001), more extractions (P=.01), and fewer sealants (P<.001). Age and gender did not affect decay rates, but those of Hispanic ethnicity did experience more decay than non-Hispanics (9.5 vs 8.6, P=.02). CONCLUSION: This study found no difference in the number of less conservative, albeit more costly, procedures performed with Medicaid children at a university compared to military dependents at a military base.

Survey of accidental ingestion and aspiration at Tokyo Dental College Chiba Hospital.

The occurrence of accidental ingestion/aspiration and preventive measures were investigated at Tokyo Dental College Chiba Hospital. In addition, the characteristics of accidents at our hospital were analyzed by surveying the awareness of accidental ingestion/aspiration to utilize the data for prevention. Accidental ingestion accounted for about 30% of accidents that occurred at our hospital in fiscal 2008, but all ingested items were naturally excreted, and no accidental aspiration occurred. Accidental ingestion most frequently occurred when dental restorations were removed. Inlays and crowns were most frequently ingested, and dentists with 5 to less than 10 years of clinical experience tended to be involved in these accidents. According to the results of the questionnaire, removal of restorations was perceived as the treatment least likely to cause accidental ingestion/aspiration. Moreover, dentists who always took preventive measures against accidental ingestion/aspiration accounted for only 40% or less on average. To avoid accidental ingestion/aspiration, repeated courses and individual instruction for repeaters and the establishment of a surveillance system along with manuals to manage the violation should be emphasized.

Ten-year outcome of crowns placed within the General Dental Services in England and Wales.

AIM: It is the aim of this paper to consider the factors associated with the need for re-intervention on a crown, and the times to re-intervention. METHODS: A data set was established consisting of patients, 18 years or older, whose birthdays were included within a set of a randomly selected dates, one of which was chosen in each possible year of birth and whose restoration records contained the placement of one or more indirect restorations on courses of treatment with last date on the claim form after 31st December 1990, and with date of acceptance after September 1990 and before January 2002. For each tooth treated with a crown, the subsequent history of intervention on that tooth was consulted, and the next date of intervention, if any could be found in the extended data set, was obtained. Thus, a data set was created of crowns which have been placed, with their dates of placement and their dates, if any, of re-intervention. RESULTS: Data for over 80,000 different adult patients were analysed, of whom 46% were male and 54% female. A total of 47,474 crown restoration occasions were obtained from the data over a period of 11 years. Metal crowns were found to have the longest survival-68% at 10 years, and all-porcelain crowns the shortest-48% at 10 years. Factors which were found to influence outcome of crowns included type of crown, age of patient, patient payment exemption status, patient attendance pattern and placement of a root filling in the same course of treatment as a crown. CONCLUSIONS: Full-coverage all-metal crowns have longer survival times before re-intervention than metal-ceramic crowns and all-ceramic crowns. Root fillings are associated with reduced survival time of the crowns examined in this study.

Natural history of treatment outcomes of permanent first molars: a study of sealant effectiveness.

BACKGROUND: Few studies have used insurance claims data to retrospectively assess the natural history--a natural process or flow of events without any special interventions--and treatment outcomes of teeth with dental sealants. METHODS: The authors constructed treatment outcome trees (TOTs) from the Iowa Medicaid claims and eligibility data (1996-2000) of continuously enrolled 6-year-old children who routinely used Medicaid dental services. The authors used the TOTs to compare the restorative treatments of sealed permanent first molars with those of nonsealed permanent first molars. RESULTS: Forty percent of routine utilizers received a sealant during the four-year period. Overall, 25 percent of molars received at least one restoration. Sealed molars were less likely to receive further restorative treatment than were nonsealed molars (13 versus 29 percent). Sealed molars had fewer extensive restorative treatments (crowns, endodontic therapy and extractions) than did nonsealed molars. The median time to restorative treatment of the sealed molars also was greater than that of the nonsealed molars. All four first molars had comparatively similar patterns of subsequent care. CONCLUSIONS: Permanent first molars with sealants received less subsequent restorative treatment than did those without sealants. TOTs are useful tools for identifying necessary outcome information needed for program evaluations. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Greater use of sealants could reduce the need for subsequent treatment and prolong the time until treatment may be necessary for permanent first molars.

Dental treatment needs in Lithuanian adolescents.

The aims were to estimate dental treatment needs of 15-16-year-olds in Lithuania and to relate a number of background factors such as gender, urbanization and residency to possible differences in dental treatment needs. A total of 885 adolescents in 22 randomly pre-selected areas were clinically examined. The following criteria of dental treatment needs were used: tooth with primary caries, secondary caries, tooth which needs a non-operative treatment, tooth with trauma, which needs a restorative treatment, and tooth which needs either an endodontic treatment, a crown or an extraction. Only 7.7 % of all participants had all their teeth sound. The treatment due to primary caries was the most required dental treatment modality among Lithuanian adolescents. Significantly fewer teeth required treatment due to other aforementioned reasons. Significant differences in most dental treatment needs between boys and girls were found, whereas in relation to urbanization and area of residency the differences were less pronounced.