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1.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci ; 25(22): 7162-7184, 2021 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34859882

RESUMO

The last two decades have witnessed the emergence of three deadly coronaviruses (CoVs) in humans: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). There are still no reliable and efficient therapeutics to manage the devastating consequences of these CoVs. Of these, SARS-CoV-2, the cause of the currently ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has posed great global health concerns. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an unprecedented crisis with devastating socio-economic and health impacts worldwide. This highlights the fact that CoVs continue to evolve and have the genetic flexibility to become highly pathogenic in humans and other mammals. SARS-CoV-2 carries a high genetic homology to the previously identified CoV (SARS-CoV), and the immunological and pathogenic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS contain key similarities and differences that can guide therapy and management. This review presents salient and updated information on comparative pathology, molecular pathogenicity, immunological features, and genetic characterization of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2; this can help in the design of more effective vaccines and therapeutics for countering these pathogenic CoVs.


Assuntos
COVID-19/virologia , Coronavírus da Síndrome Respiratória do Oriente Médio/genética , Patologia Molecular/métodos , SARS-CoV-2/genética , Coronavírus Relacionado à Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/genética , Animais , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/transmissão , Feminino , Saúde Global/economia , Humanos , Masculino , Mamíferos , Coronavírus da Síndrome Respiratória do Oriente Médio/imunologia , Coronavírus da Síndrome Respiratória do Oriente Médio/patogenicidade , Coronavírus Relacionado à Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/imunologia , Coronavírus Relacionado à Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/patogenicidade , SARS-CoV-2/imunologia , SARS-CoV-2/patogenicidade , Virulência
2.
J Med Virol ; 92(7): 883-890, 2020 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32301508

RESUMO

Several systematic reviews (SRs) have been conducted on the COVID-19 outbreak, which together with the SRs on previous coronavirus outbreaks, form important sources of evidence for clinical decision and policy making. Here, we investigated the methodological quality of SRs on COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Online searches were performed to obtain SRs on COVID-19, SARS, and MERS. The methodological quality of the included SRs was assessed using the AMSTAR-2 tool. Descriptive statistics were used to present the data. In total, of 49 SRs that were finally included in our study, 17, 16, and 16 SRs were specifically on COVID-19, MERS, and SARS, respectively. The growth rate of SRs on COVID-19 was the highest (4.54/month) presently. Of the included SRs, 6, 12, and 31 SRs were of moderate, low, and critically low quality, respectively. SRs on SARS showed the optimum quality among the SRs on the three diseases. Subgroup analyses showed that the SR topic (P < .001), the involvement of a methodologist (P < .001), and funding support (P = .046) were significantly associated with the methodological quality of the SR. According to the adherence scores, adherence to AMSTAR-2 items sequentially decreased in SRs on SARS, MERS, and COVID-19. The methodological quality of most SRs on coronavirus outbreaks is unsatisfactory, and those on COVID-19 have higher risks of poor quality, despite the rapid actions taken to conduct SRs. The quality of SRs should be improved in the future. Readers must exercise caution in accepting and using the results of these SRs.


Assuntos
Betacoronavirus/patogenicidade , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Coronavírus da Síndrome Respiratória do Oriente Médio/patogenicidade , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Coronavírus Relacionado à Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/patogenicidade , Bibliometria , COVID-19 , Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Coronavirus/transmissão , Humanos , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Pneumonia Viral/diagnóstico , Pneumonia Viral/prevenção & controle , Pneumonia Viral/transmissão , Registros Públicos de Dados de Cuidados de Saúde , SARS-CoV-2 , Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/diagnóstico , Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/epidemiologia , Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/prevenção & controle , Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/transmissão , Estatística como Assunto , Revisões Sistemáticas como Assunto
8.
PLoS One ; 9(3): e89405, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24647278

RESUMO

The outbreaks of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic in 2003 resulted in unprecedented impacts on people's daily life. One of the most significant impacts to people is the fear of contacting the SARS virus while engaging daily routine activity. Here we use data from daily underground ridership in Taipei City and daily reported new SARS cases in Taiwan to model the dynamics of the public fear of the SARS virus during the wax and wane of the SARS period. We found that for each reported new SARS case there is an immediate loss of about 1200 underground ridership (the fresh fear). These daily loss rates dissipate to the following days with an e-folding time of about 28 days, reflecting the public perception on the risk of contacting SARS virus when traveling with the underground system (the residual fear). About 50% of daily ridership was lost during the peak of the 2003 SARS period, compared with the loss of 80% daily ridership during the closure of the underground system after Typhoon Nari, the loss of 50-70% ridership due to the closure of the governmental offices and schools during typhoon periods, and the loss of 60% daily ridership during Chinese New Year holidays.


Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Medo/psicologia , Modelos Estatísticos , Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/epidemiologia , Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/psicologia , Meios de Transporte/economia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Coronavírus Relacionado à Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/patogenicidade , Coronavírus Relacionado à Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/fisiologia , Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/economia , Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/transmissão , Taiwan/epidemiologia , Meios de Transporte/métodos
10.
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd ; 147(18): 846-8, 2003 May 03.
Artigo em Holandês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12756874

RESUMO

In the Netherlands, the risk of an outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) appears to be limited, if people in contact with a possibly imported case observe strict measures to prevent contamination. SARS may well be a zoonosis. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy and outbreaks of virus infections in the bioindustry, such as swine fever, foot-and-mouth disease and classical avian influenza, have led to massive killing of cattle, swine and fowl in the Netherlands. The possibility that the bioindustry constitutes a risky microbiological 'experiment' makes a discussion as to its future in the Netherlands urgent.


Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/epidemiologia , Animais , Surtos de Doenças/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Países Baixos/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Gestão de Riscos , Coronavírus Relacionado à Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/patogenicidade , Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/prevenção & controle , Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/transmissão , Zoonoses
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