Intelligence and Executive Functions: A Comprehensive Assessment of Intellectually Gifted Children.

OBJECTIVE: Executive functions (EFs) play a key role in cognitive and behavioral functioning. Their multiple forms and implications for daily life behaviors mean they are sometimes equated with intelligence. Several elements even suggest that intellectually gifted children (IGC) may present better executive functioning than typical developing children (TDC, children with intelligence in the average range). However, no study has ever completely tested this hypothesis by a comprehensive assessment of EFs in IGC. METHOD: Results of 30 IGC and 35 TDC aged from 6 to 16 years old were compared through a comprehensive assessment of EFs (inhibition, flexibility, and planning), comprising performance-based and daily life measures. RESULTS: IGC did not differ from TDC in EF performance-based measures. However, they scored higher in parents' and some teachers' ratings, suggesting higher indicators of difficulties in daily life. CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to expectations, high intellectual level does not appear to be associated with superior EFs. Surprisingly, parents and teachers of IGC reported more complaints about their executive functioning in everyday life. We put forward different hypotheses to explain this contrast. Further research is needed to better understand this phenomenon, in which neuropsychology has a fundamental role to play.

Integrated assessment of children's cognitive and creative abilities: psychometric studies / Avaliação integrada das habilidades cognitivas e criativas de crianças: estudos psicométricos / Evaluación integrada de las habilidades cognitivas y creativas de los niños

It is essential that intelligence assessment be integrated with creativity, although no instruments in Brazil do so. This research investigated the item difficulty and validity and reliability of the Bateria de Avaliação Intelectual e Criativa Infantil (BAICI) to address this gap. The first sample consisted of 612 children (54% M) aged 7 to 12 years, and the second sample consisted of 377 students (56% M), some of whom (N = 164) were already identified as exhibiting high skills/giftedness. Item analysis indicated the need to adjust the BAICI items. The results of a MANCOVA indicated that the BAICI exhibits evidence of validity with external variables because the group of gifted children was significantly distinguished from the group of students attending regular schools on tests of vocabulary, speed, logical thinking, and creativity. The study concludes that the BAICI has psychometric qualities that can be used in the psychological assessment of children. (AU)

É essencial que a avaliação da inteligência seja integrada com a criatividade embora não existam instrumentos no país para essa finalidade. Esta pesquisa investigou a dificuldade dos itens e as evidências de validade e precisão da Bateria de Avaliação Intelectual e Criativa Infantil (BAICI) para oferecer uma avaliação mais completa do potencial infantil. A primeira amostra foi composta por 612 crianças (54% M), idade sete a 12 anos e a segunda de 377 estudantes (56% M), uma parte (N = 164) já identificadas com altas habilidades/superdotação. A análise pela TRI indicou a necessidade de ajuste de itens da BAICI. Os resultados pela MANCOVA indicaram que a BAICI possui evidências de validade com variáveis externas, pois o grupo de crianças superdotadas se distinguiu significativamente de estudantes de escolas regulares nos testes de vocabulário, rapidez, pensamento lógico e criatividade. Conclui-se que a BAICI possui qualidades psicométricas para ser utilizada na avaliação psicológica infantil. (AU)

Es fundamental que la evaluación de la inteligencia se integre con la creatividad, aunque en el país no existen instrumentos para este fin. Esta investigación analizó las evidencias de validez y precisión de la Batería de Evaluación Intelectual y Creativa Infantil (BAICI) para proporcionar una evaluación más completa del potencial de los niños. La primera muestra estuvo compuesta por 612 niños (54% M), de 7 a 12 años, a su vez, la segunda por 377 estudiantes (56% M), una parte (N = 164) ya identificada con altas habilidades/superdotación. El análisis de la TRI indicó la necesidad de ajustar los ítems de la BAICI. Los resultados de MANCOVA indicaron que BAICI tiene evidencias de validez con variables externas, ya que el grupo de niños superdotados se distinguió significativamente de niños de escuelas regulares en las pruebas de vocabulario, velocidad, pensamiento lógico y creatividad. Se concluye que la BAICI tiene cualidades psicométricas para ser utilizada en la evaluación psicológica infantil. (AU)

Indecisão e maturidade vocacional, autoeficácia e personalidade em adolescentes com e sem superdotação / Vocational and maturity indecision, self-efficacy, and personality in gifted and non-gifted adolescents / Indecisión y madurez vocacional, autoeficacia y personalidad en adolescentes superdotados y no superdotados

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as características sociodemográficas, nível de indecisão vocacional (EIV), autoeficácia geral percebida (EAGP), personalidade (BFP) e maturidade para a escolha profissional (EMEP) de adolescentes com e sem superdotação. A amostra foi composta por 31 adolescentes com idade média de 16,29 anos (DP = 1,21), 12 com superdotação e 19 sem superdotação. Os superdotados foram recrutados em um Núcleo Estadual de Altas Habilidades/Superdotação e os sem superdotação em uma escola particular. Os dois grupos de adolescentes responderam os mesmos instrumentos: ficha de dados sociodemográficos, EMEP, EIV, BFP e EAGP. Os sem superdotação apresentaram menores níveis de autoeficácia (EAGP) e maiores níveis de neuroticismo (BFP) e responsabilidade (EMEP). Já os adolescentes com superdotação obtiveram maiores níveis de realização (BFP), autoeficácia (EAGP), determinação (EMEP), extroversão e abertura (BFP) e autoconhecimento (EMEP). Os resultados contribuem para que orientadores profissionais e de carreira desenhem intervenções mais assertivas para adolescentes superdotados. (AU)

The aim of the study was to compare the sociodemographic characteristics, level of vocational indecision (EIV), perceived general self-efficacy (EAGP), personality (BFP) and maturity for professional choice (EMEP), of adolescents with and without giftedness. The sample consisted of 31 adolescents with a mean age of 16.29 years (SD = 1.21), 12 with giftedness and 19 without. The gifted students were recruited from a State Center for High Skills/Giftedness and the non-gifted students from a private school. The two groups of adolescents answered the same instruments, including a sociodemographic data form, the EMEP, EIV, BFP and EAGP. The non-gifted students presented lower levels of self-efficacy (EAGP) and higher levels of neuroticism (BFP) and responsibility (EMEP). The gifted adolescents presented higher levels of achievement (BFP), self-efficacy (EAGP), determination (EMEP), extraversion and openness (BFP), and self-knowledge (EMEP). The results can help professional and career counselors to design more assertive actions for gifted adolescents. (AU)

El objetivo del estudio fue comparar las características sociodemográficas, nivel de indecisión vocacional (EIV), autoeficacia general percibida (EAGP), personalidad (BFP) y madurez para la elección profesional (EMEP), de adolescentes con y sin superdotación. La muestra se compuso por 31 adolescentes con una edad media de 16,29 años (DS = 1,21), 12 con superdotación y 19 sin superdotación. Los superdotados fueron reclutados de un Centro Estatal de Altas Habilidades/Superdotación y aquellos sin superdotación de una escuela privada. Los dos grupos de adolescentes respondieron los mismos instrumentos: ficha sociodemográfica, EMEP, EIV, BFP y EAGP. Los niveles más bajos de autoeficacia (EAGP) y niveles más altos de neuroticismo (BFP) y responsabilidad (EMEP). Los adolescentes superdotados, por su parte, tenían niveles más altos de logro (BFP), autoeficacia (EAGP), determinación (EMEP), extraversión y apertura (BFP) y autoconocimiento (EMEP). Los resultados ayudan a los consejeros profesionales y de carrera a diseñar acciones más asertivas para los adolescentes superdotados. (AU)

Avaliação da Criatividade no Contexto das Altas Habilidades/Superdotação: Evidências de Validade / Creativity Assessment in The High Abilities/Giftedness Context: Evidence of Validity / Evaluación de la Creatividad en el Contexto de la Superdotación: Evidencia de Validez

O presente estudo teve como objetivo buscar evidências de validade baseadas nas relações com variáveis externas, do tipo convergente, para um subteste para avaliação da criatividade figural, parte de uma Bateria para Avaliação das Altas Habilidades/Superdotação (BAAH/S). A amostra constituiu-se por 114 estudantes do 2º ano (n=15) e 3º ano (n=99) do ensino médio, com idades entre 15 e 20 anos (M=17; DP=0,85), sendo 52 do sexo masculino, provenientes de uma escola pública. Os participantes responderam ao Teste de Criatividade Figural Infantil (TCFI) e ao Subteste Completando Figuras (em processo de validação). Por meio da Correlação de Pearson, os fatores que avaliam aspectos criativos semelhantes apresentaram correlações positivas e significativas (r=0,64 entre os fatores emocionais; r=0,60 entre os fatores cognitivos; r=0,56 entre os fatores de enriquecimento de ideias), indicando convergência entre as medidas. A correlação entre as características criativas isoladas, avaliadas em ambos os testes se mostrou, em sua maioria, significativa, com valores oscilando entre r=0,21 e r=0,61. Tais resultados tornam possível confirmar as evidências de validade do subteste em desenvolvimento. (AU)

The aim of the present study was to search for evidence of validity based on external convergent-like variables for a subtest to assess figural creativity, part of a Battery for Assessment of High Abilities/Giftedness (BAAH/S). The sample consisted of 114 students of the 2nd year (n = 15) and 3rd year (n = 99) of high school, aged between 15 and 20 years (M = 17; SD = 0.85), 52 male, coming from a public school. Participants completed the Children's Figural Creativity Test (TCFI) and the Completing Figures Subtest (in validation process). Through the Pearson Correlation, factors that evaluate similar creative aspects showed positive and significant correlations (r = 0.64 between emotional factors; r = 0.60 between cognitive factors; r = 0.56 between enrichment factors ideas), indicating convergence between measures. The correlation between the isolated creative characteristics evaluated in both tests was mostly significant, with values ranging between r = 0.21 and r = 0.61. These results make it possible to confirm positive evidences of validity for the developing subtest. (AU)

El objetivo del presente estudio fue buscar evidencia de validez basada en relaciones de variables externas de tipo convergente para una subprueba para evaluar la creatividad figurativa, parte de una Batería para la Evaluación de Altas Capacidades / Superdotación (BAAH / S). La muestra consistió en 114 estudiantes del segundo año (n = 15) y del tercer año (n = 99) de secundaria, con edades comprendidas entre 15 y 20 años (M = 17; DE = 0,85), siendo 52 del sexo masculino, procedentes de una escuela pública. Los participantes completaron la Prueba de Creatividad Figural para Niños (TCFI) y la Subprueba Completando Figuras (en proceso de validación). A través de la Correlación de Pearson, los factores que evalúan aspectos creativos similares mostraron correlaciones positivas y significativas (r = 0.64 entre factores emocionales; r = 0.60 entre factores cognitivos; r = 0.56 entre factores de enriquecimiento de ideas), indicando convergencia entre medidas. La correlación entre las características creativas aisladas evaluadas en ambas pruebas fue mayormente significativa, con valores que oscilaron entre r = 0.21 y r = 0.61. Estos resultados permiten confirmar la evidencia de validez de la subprueba en desarrollo. (AU)

EEG source-space synchrostate transitions and Markov modeling in the math-gifted brain during a long-chain reasoning task.

To reveal transition dynamics of global neuronal networks of math-gifted adolescents in handling long-chain reasoning, this study explores momentary phase-synchronized patterns, that is, electroencephalogram (EEG) synchrostates, of intracerebral sources sustained in successive 50 ms time windows during a reasoning task and non-task idle process. Through agglomerative hierarchical clustering for functional connectivity graphs and nested iterative cosine similarity tests, this study identifies seven general and one reasoning-specific prototypical functional connectivity patterns from all synchrostates. Markov modeling is performed for the time-sequential synchrostates of each trial to characterize the interstate transitions. The analysis reveals that default mode network, central executive network (CEN), dorsal attention network, cingulo-opercular network, left/right ventral frontoparietal network, and ventral visual network aperiodically recur over non-task or reasoning process, exhibiting high predictability in interactively reachable transitions. Compared to non-gifted subjects, math-gifted adolescents show higher fractional occupancy and mean duration in CEN and reasoning-triggered transient right frontotemporal network (rFTN) in the time course of the reasoning process. Statistical modeling of Markov chains reveals that there are more self-loops in CEN and rFTN of the math-gifted brain, suggesting robust state durability in temporally maintaining the topological structures. Besides, math-gifted subjects show higher probabilities in switching from the other types of synchrostates to CEN and rFTN, which represents more adaptive reconfiguration of connectivity pattern in the large-scale cortical network for focused task-related information processing, which underlies superior executive functions in controlling goal-directed persistence and high predictability of implementing imagination and creative thinking during long-chain reasoning.

Learning resources and talent development from a systemic point of view.

System theories postulate that a system needs resources in order to evolve and function as an entirety. According to the actiotope model of giftedness, exogenous and endogenous resources needed to develop excellence include five forms of educational capital (economic, cultural, social, infrastructural, and didactic) and five forms of learning capital (organismic, telic, actional, episodic, and attentional), independent of domain and level of talent development. In three studies, we addressed several blind spots in the empirical basis of the educational and learning capital (ELC) approach. The studies were conducted in different domains, with different samples, and on various levels of talent development, as well as with regard to different functions for which resources can be used. Study 1, comprising 365 sixth graders, showed that ELC have an incremental validity beyond IQ for predicting scholastic achievement. In study 2 with 90 women holding a university degree in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), we provide evidence that in the collegiate actiotopes of women who were later successful in STEM, more ELC had been available and was used to serve different functions than in the actiotopes of less successful women in STEM. In study 3 with 74 long-distance runners, we found a similar pattern of results for different achievement levels in an athletics domain.

Dotação intelectual: comparações entre avaliação por teste e nomeação por pais / Intellectual giftedness: comparisons between assessment testing and nomination by the parents / Dotación intelectual: comparaciones entre evaluación por prueba y nombramiento por padres

Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar dois tipos de medidas (Teste de Raciocínio e Nomeação por Pais) utilizadas na avaliação de dotação intelectual. Para tanto, aplicaram-se a Bateria de Provas de Raciocínio (BPR-5) e a versão para pais das Escalas de Sobre-Excitabilidade, mais especificamente a escala de Sobre-Excitabilidade Intelectual (SEI), em alunos do ensino fundamental (n=67) e em seus pais ou responsáveis (n=67), respectivamente. Ao comparar as duas medidas, observou-se que os estudantes que apresentaram melhor desempenho no escore geral da BPR-5 também tenderam a apresentar médias mais altas na SEI. Foram obtidas correlações positivas, significativas, que variaram de fracas a moderadas, entre a SEI, a capacidade cognitiva geral e alguns tipos de raciocínio (verbal, abstrato e numérico). A comparação e as associações positivas entre os dois instrumentos permitem sugerir que ambos investigam construtos correlatos. Entretanto, as medidas devem ser consideradas como complementares e não substitutivas. (AU)

This study aimed to compare two types of measures (reasoning test and parent's nomination) used in the assessment of intellectual giftedness. Accordingly, the Reasoning Test Battery (BPR-5) and the parents version of the Overexcitability Scales, more specifically the Intellectual Overexcitability scale (SEI) were applied with elementary school students (n=67) and their parents or guardians (n=67), respectively. When comparing the two measures, it was observed that students who performed better in the BPR-5 also tended to receive higher means in the SEI. Significant positive correlations, which ranged from weak to moderate, were obtained between the SEI, the general reasoning ability, and some types of reasoning (verbal, abstract, and numeric). The comparison and positive associations between the two instruments indicate that both investigate related constructs. However, the measures should be considered as complementary rather than substitutive. (AU)

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar dos tipos de medidas (prueba de raciocinio y nombramiento por padres) utilizadas en la evaluación de dotación intelectual. Razón por la cual, se aplicaron la Batería de Pruebas de Razonamiento (BPR-5) y la versión para padres de las Escalas de Sobreexcitabilidad, más específicamente se aplicó la Escala de Sobreexcitabilidad Intelectual (SEI) en alumnos de la enseñanza básica (n=67) y en sus padres o responsables (n=67). Al comparar las dos medidas, se observó que los estudiantes que presentan mejor desempeño en la BPR-5, también tienden en presentar medias más altas en la SEI. Se obtuvo correlaciones positivas, significativas y débiles entre la SEI y la capacidad general de razonamiento. La SEI también se correlacionó positiva y significativamente con algunos tipos de razonamiento (Verbal, Abstracto y Numérico). La comparación y las asociaciones positivas entre los dos instrumentos permiten sugerir que ambos investigan constructos relacionados. Con todo, las medidas deben ser consideradas como complementarias y no substitutivas. (AU)

Validity study of intelligence subtests for a Brazilian giftedness assessment battery / Validade de subtestes de inteligência para a bateria de avaliação de altas habilidades/superdotação / Validez de las pruebas de razonamiento de la batería de evaluación de altas habilidades/superdotación

Considering the importance of validity evidence studies when designing psychological instruments, this study intended on verifying the construct validity of reasoning subtests, through convergent evidence and CFA, as part of a battery for giftedness assessment. A Manova was also applied to evaluate sex and grade differences. The sample was composed of 96 students, in which 49 were female, with 6th grade (n=15), 7th grade (n=12), 8th grade (n=49) students and 2nd year (n=20) students from a public school in the state of São Paulo, aged between 10 and 18 (M = 13.4 years, SD = 1.8). The participants answered the Raven Progressive Matrices Test (general scale) and reasoning subtests that belong to the Battery for Giftedness Assessment (BAHA/G). The results from Pearson's correlation indicated convergence as the majority of the factors composed in BAHA/G showed positive and significant correlations with the Raven test factors, and the CFA displayed two latent variables with strong correlations, particularly among their total score (r=.976). With these results, we found the moderate relationship between these instruments. Further studies are recommended on other types of validity evidence of these subtests to confirm its psychometric qualities. (AU)

Considerando a importância da busca por evidências de validade no processo de construção de instrumentos psicológicos, este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a validade de construto dos subtestes de raciocínio, da bateria de avaliação das altas habilidades / superdotação (BAAH/S), através de evidências de convergência e análise fatorial confirmatória. Também foi realizada a análise multivariada da variância para avaliar a influencia das variáveis sexo e série. A amostra foi composta por 96 estudantes, 49 do sexo feminino, do 6º ano (n=15), 7° ano (n=12), 8° ano (n=49) do ensino fundamental II e 2º ano (n=20) do ensino médio de uma escola pública do Estado de São Paulo, com idades entre 10 e 18 anos (M=13,4 anos; DP=1,8). Os participantes responderam ao teste Matrizes Progressivas de Raven (escala geral) e aos Subtestes de Raciocínio da Bateria de Altas Habilidades e Superdotação (BAAH/S). Os resultados da correlação de Pearson indicaram convergência entre as medidas dos fatores da BAAH/S e correlações positivas com os fatores do teste do Raven. A AFC demonstrou duas variáveis latentes com fortes correlações, principalmente considerando o escore total (r=0,976) Tais resultados demonstram uma relação moderada entre os instrumentos em questão. Novos estudos voltados à investigação de outros tipos de evidências de validade são recomendados. (AU)

Teniendo en cuenta la importancia de evidencias de validez en el proceso de construcción de instrumentos psicológicos, este estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar la validez de criterio de las pruebas de razonamiento de la Batería de Evaluación de altas habilidades/superdotación (BAAH/S). También fue realizado Manova para evaluar las diferencias entre sexo y ciclo. La muestra fue compuesta por 96 alumnos, 49 mujeres, el 6º año (n=15), 7 años (n=12), 8 año (n=49) de la escuela primaria y 2º año (n=20) de la escuela secundaria en una escuela pública del estado de São Paulo, con edades comprendidas entre los 10 y 18 años (M=13,4 años, SD=1,8). Los participantes respondieron al Test de matrices Progresivas de RAVEN - Escala General y la (BAAH/S). Los resultados de correlación de Pearson indicaron convergencia entre los factores de la BAAH/S y correlaciones positivas con los factores del test de RAVEN, y la AFC demostró dos variables latentes con correlaciones fuertes, teniendo en cuenta la puntuación total (r =. 976) estos resultados demuestran una relación moderada entre los instrumentos, lo que confirma la validez criterio de la prueba en el desarrollo. Además, se recomienda nuevos estudios de otros tipos de evidencia de validez. (AU)

Universal screening increases the representation of low-income and minority students in gifted education.

Low-income and minority students are substantially underrepresented in gifted education programs. The disparities persist despite efforts by many states and school districts to broaden participation through changes in their eligibility criteria. One explanation for the persistent gap is that standard processes for identifying gifted students, which are based largely on the referrals of parents and teachers, tend to miss qualified students from underrepresented groups. We study this hypothesis using the experiences of a large urban school district following the introduction of a universal screening program for second graders. Without any changes in the standards for gifted eligibility, the screening program led to large increases in the fractions of economically disadvantaged and minority students placed in gifted programs. Comparisons of the newly identified gifted students with those who would have been placed in the absence of screening show that Blacks and Hispanics, free/reduced price lunch participants, English language learners, and girls were all systematically "underreferred" in the traditional parent/teacher referral system. Our findings suggest that parents and teachers often fail to recognize the potential of poor and minority students and those with limited English proficiency.

Aspectos psicoeducativos en la evaluación del alumnado con altas capacidades intelectuales: análisis de un caso / Psychoeducational aspects in the assessment of students with High intellectual abilities: a single-case study

El presente trabajo trata de favorecer la reflexión, desde la psicología educacional, sobre la respuesta a las necesidades específicas de apoyo educativo de los alumnos y alumnas con Altas Capacidades Intelectuales. Tras una breve exposición sobre las características de este tipo de alumnado, se realiza un análisis de caso con el que establecer la relación entre la evaluación psicoeducativa y la intervención psicopedagógica. Desde la labor de los psicólogos de la educación (interviniendo en todos los procesos psicológicos que afectan al aprendizaje o que se derivan de este) y otros colegas que actúan en el ámbito educativo, se buscaría, en última instancia, relacionar los objetivos de cualquier intervención psicoeducativa: la valoración diagnóstica y la planificación de la intervención pedagógica dentro de la atención a la diversidad desarrollada en el sistema educativo español.

The following paper aims to promote an educational psychology-based reflection on the response to those specific educational needs required by students with high intellectual abilities. After a brief discussion on the characterization of this kind of student, a single-case study is developed in order to establish a relationship between psycho-educational assessments and educational psychology interventions. The work of educational psychologists (intervening in all the psychological processes affecting learning or resulted therefrom) and other acting colleagues in the educational field would ultimately seek to relate the objectives of any psychoeducational intervention: diagnostic assessment and educational intervention planning within the diversity emphasis developed on the Spanish educational system.

Características da produção sobre professores de alunos com dotação e talento / Characteristics of production about teachers of gifted students / Características de la producción de maestros de studiantes con superdotación

Este estudo objetivou investigar a produção sobre professores de alunos com dotação e talento (D&T) em artigos publicados em duas bases de dados: ERIC e PsycINFO. Foram procurados termos relacionados a professores de alunos talentosos em publicações entre 2006 e 2013. No total, foram considerados 20 artigos. A produção sobre professores de alunos com D&T pode ser considerada pequena e não apresenta tendências de estabilidade, crescimento ou decrescimento na distribuição temporal. Grande parte dos artigos foi produzida por um ou dois autores, combinando produções coletivas e individuais. Ademais, predominaram os estudos empíricos. Com relação aos países em que as pesquisas foram desenvolvidas, os Estados Unidos têm a maioria dos artigos. O ensino fundamental contou com grande parte dos estudos. Na análise de conteúdo realizada, destacam-se tanto as características pessoais quanto as profissionais, e as qualidades pedagógicas do professor aparecem em grande parte dos artigos. Destaca-se a importância de investigações empíricas que colaborem para o delineamento mais preciso das características importantes para o atendimento educacional adequado ao aluno com D&T.

This study had investigated the production about teachers of gifted students presented in articles published in two databases: ERIC and PsycINFO. Terms related to teachers of gifted students in publications between 2006 and 2013 were searched. In total, 20 articles were considered. The literature on teachers of gifted students can be considered small and it does not shows trends of stability, increase or decrease in the temporal distribution. Most articles was produced by one or two authors, combining individual and collective productions. Moreover, predominated the empirical studies. Regarding the countries where the research was conducted, the U.S. has the most articles. The elementary school has most studies. The content analysis conducted, we highlight features both personal as professional, and pedagogical qualities of the teacher appear in most articles. The importance of empirical research is highlighted by contribute for a more precise delineation of the important characteristics for appropriate educational services to the gifted student.

Este estudio investigó la producción de maestros referentes a estudiantes con superdotación presentada en artículos publicados en dos bases de datos: ERIC y PsycINFO. Se realizaron búsquedas en los términos relacionados con los profesores de los estudiantes dotados en publicaciones entre 2006 y 2013. En el total, se consideraron 20 artículos. La literatura sobre los maestros de estudiantes con superdotación puede ser considerada pequeña y no presenta tendencias de estabilidad, aumento o disminución en la distribución temporal. La mayoría de los artículos fue producida por uno o dos autores, combinando producciones individuales y colectivas. Además, los estudios empíricos fueron predominantes. Referente a los países en los que se llevó a cabo la investigación, los EE.UU. tiene la mayoría de los artículos. La escuela primaria asistió la mayoría de los estudios. El análisis de contenido realizado aborda tanto características personales cuanto profesionales, y las cualidades pedagógicas del docente aparece en la mayoría de los artículos. Destaca la importancia de la investigación empírica que contribuya para un delineamiento más preciso de las características importantes par aun atendimiento educacional apropiado al estudiante con superdotación.

[Alert symptoms and related disorders in gifted children]. / Signes d'appel et troubles associés chez les enfants à haut potentiel.

Numerous questions on widely called "gifted" children remain unanswered. Based on our clinical experience in the first national center for high ability children and adolescents with difficulties, this article examines, after defining some terms and concepts, clinical signs associated with high ability children and psychopathological disorders frequently described in this population. The assessment of cognitive, socioemotional and conative profiles should allow to go beyond the simples/singles IQ measures, in order to provide a global scholastic, familial and social care tailored to the needs of the child and his or her environment.

Predictors of early precocious talking: a prospective population study.

This study examines potential predictors of 'precocious talking' (expressive language ≥90th percentile) at one and two years of age, and of 'stability' in precocious talking across both time periods, drawing on data from a prospective community cohort comprising over 1,800 children. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between precocious talking and the following potential predictors: gender, birth order, birth weight, non-English speaking background, socioeconomic status, maternal age, maternal mental health scores, and vocabulary and educational attainment of parents. The strongest predictors of precocity (being female and having a younger mother) warrant further exploration. Overall, however, it appears that precocity in early vocabulary development is not strongly influenced by the variables examined, which together explained just 2.6% and 1% of the variation at 1;0 and 2;0 respectively.

Let us in: Latino underrepresentation in Gifted and Talented Programs.

This paper articulates the necessity of improving identification protocols for inclusion of low-socioeconomic gifted Latino students in Gifted and Talented Programs in all levels of education ranging from elementary and continuing on to the college level. Non-verbal tests, observation instruments, grade-to-grade portfolios, performance projects, and extensive interviewing are suggested in lieu of biased standardized tests as identification variables. In addition, teacher professional development opportunities as well as the inclusion of multicultural curriculum will promote an appreciation of Latino culture as well as encourage and include intellectually gifted Hispanic students. Reference to collectivistic societal constructs impacting on positive Latino student engagement is discussed. This article will appeal specifically to those individuals entrusted with recruitment for elementary and secondary Gifted and Talented Programs as well as College Honors Programs. In addition, the notion that the identification of giftedness is culture dependent is of importance to the general public in our endeavor to become a multicultural globalist society.

Gifted and talented students' career aspirations and influences: a systematic review of the literature.

The nursing shortage of registered nurses in Canada is expected to worsen, making recruitment a concern for nursing organizations. Also, many reports have outlined the need for improved leadership in nursing. Therefore, the study purpose was to describe the findings of a systematic review of studies examining the career influences and aspirations of gifted high school students and to make recommendations for further research. Results indicate gifted students choose careers that fit their personal self-concept and their perceptions of traits needed to succeed in a profession. Family members, particularly mothers, had the greatest influence on career decision making and these students were more likely to indicate a desire for a profession with high prestige, high levels of education and higher pay. These students were not likely to indicate nursing as a career choice. Efforts to improve the image of nursing with this group of students are needed.

Estudo comparativo sobre superdotação com famílias em situação socioeconômica desfavorecida / Comparative study on giftedness with socio-economically disadvantaged families

Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever e comparar características de famílias em situação socioeconômica desfavorecida relacionadas ao desenvolvimento de comportamentos de superdotação. Participaram da pesquisa 28 famílias residentes no Distrito Federal, sendo 14 com superdotados e 14 sem filhos superdotados. Os dados foram coletados por meio do Inventário de Sucesso Parental - PSI, do Teste de Pensamento Criativo - TCP-DT e de questionário sobre características individuais e familiares do superdotado. Para a análise dos dados foram utilizados o teste t, a correlação de Pearson e estatística descritiva. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os grupos com relação ao nível de comunicação, uso do tempo, práticas de ensino parental e satisfação parental. Os genitores de superdotados e não superdotados avaliaram o nível de comunicação e satisfação parental em relação a comportamento dos filhos de forma mais positiva do que seus filhos. Os resultados também indicaram uma maior participação dos pais de alunos superdotados na vida acadêmica de seus filhos. A maioria dos alunos superdotados, que participou do estudo, era do gênero masculino e ocupava posição especial na família como primogênitos e unigênitos. Além disso, não foi observada relação entre os níveis de criatividade de pais e filhos. Ficou evidenciado, porém, que os alunos superdotados apresentaram desempenho superior no teste de criatividade quando comparados aos alunos não superdotados. Os resultados chamam a atenção para o papel que a família pode desempenhar no estímulo de habilidades, talentos e interesses.

The purpose of this study was to describe and to compare characteristics of socio-economically disadvantaged families in relation to the development of gifted behavior. Twenty-eight families from the Federal District participated in this study, among whom 14 had gifted children and 14 had non-gifted children. The data was collected through the Parent Success Inventory - PSI, the Test of Creative Thinking - Drawing Production, and a questionnaire about individual and family characteristics of the gifted. Data was analyzed using the t-test, Pearson's correlation and descriptive statistics. Differences were found between the groups with respect to communication, use of time, parental teaching practices and parental satisfaction. Parents of gifted students and non-gifted students evaluated the level of communication and parental satisfaction more positively than their children did. The results also indicated that the parents of gifted students participated more in the academic lives of their children. The majority of gifted students were boys, who occupied a special family position as the eldest or only child. In addition, no relationship was observed between creativity levels of parents and children. Nevertheless, the evidence showed that gifted students obtained higher performance on creativity tests when compared to non-gifted students. The results highlight the role that the family plays in fostering abilities, talents and interests.

Is there a problem with enhancement?

This article examines arguments concerning enhancement of human persons recently presented by Michael Sandel (2004). In the first section, I briefly describe some of his arguments. In section two, I consider whether, as Sandel claims, the desire for mastery motivates enhancement and whether such a desire could be grounds for its impermissibility. Section three considers how Sandel draws the distinction between treatment and enhancement, and the relation to nature that he thinks each expresses. The fourth section examines Sandel's views about parent/child relations and also how enhancement would affect distributive justice and the duty to aid. In conclusion, I briefly offer an alternative suggestion as to why enhancement may be troubling and consider what we could safely enhance.

The rhetoric and reality of gap closing: when the "have-nots" gain but the "haves" gain even more .

Many forms of intervention, across different domains, have the surprising effect of widening preexisting gaps between disadvantaged youth and their advantaged counterparts--if such interventions are made available to all students, not just to the disadvantaged. Whether this widening of gaps is incongruent with American interests and values requires an awareness of this gap-widening potential when interventions are universalized and a national policy that addresses the psychological, political, economic, and moral dimensions of elevating the top students--tomorrow's business and science leaders--and/or elevating the bottom students to redress past inequalities and reduce the future costs associated with them. This article is a first step in bringing this dilemma to the attention of scholars and policymakers and prodding a national discussion.