Diagnóstico de la calidad físico química y biológica del agua en el Golfo de Fonseca, La Unión, El Salvador. Propuestas para el desarrollo sostenible: en asocio con el Centro de Educación e Instrucción Naval de El Salvador, CEIN-Base Naval de La Unión / Diagnosis of the physical, chemical and biological quality of water in the Gulf of Fonseca, La Unión, El Salvador. Proposals for sustainable development: in association with the Naval Education and Training Center of El Salvador, CEIN-La Unión Naval Base

Este estudio permitió conocer la calidad microbiológica del agua del Golfo de Fonseca, a través de un programa de monitoreo realizado durante 12 meses, en 9 puntos de muestreo distribuidos en 3 sectores. "A" estero La Manzanilla-Isla Perico, "B" Ciudad de La Unión ­ bocana río Goascorán y "C" estero El Tamarindo ­ Isla Meanguera. El propósito fue obtener registros de contaminación de aguas costeras para el país y el impacto que las aguas residuales producen en el ambiente costero y la pérdida de la calidad del agua para actividades tales como la maricultura y la recreación. Entre las bacterias encontradas se encuentran: Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, Vibrios y Heterótrofas. Dichas bacterias están asociadas con diferentes enfermedades para la salud humana, tal es el caso de las pseudomonas, las cuales están frecuentemente asociadas a infecciones de los tractos respiratorio y urinario. Los resultados obtenidos de Vibrio indican que el agua no es apta para uso en acuicultura, ni para uso recreativo, el agua se encuentra en el límite de referencia en cuanto al uso con propósito de producción acuícola y límite de referencia en cuanto al riesgo de consumo de productos pesqueros.

This study allowed to know the microbiological quality of the water of Golfo de Fonseca, through a monitoring program carried out during 12 months, in 9 sampling points distributed in 3 sectors. "A" La Manzanilla estuary- Isla Perico, "B" City of La Unión - Río Goascorán mouth and "C" El Tamarindo estuary - Isla Meanguera. The purpose was to obtain records of coastal water pollution for the country and the impact that wastewater produces on the coastal environment and the loss of water quality for activities such as mariculture and recreation. Among the bacteria found are: Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, Vibrios and Heterotrophs. These bacteria are associated with different diseases for human health, such is the case of pseudomonas, which are frequently associated with infections of the respiratory and urinary tracts. The results obtained from Vibrio indicate that the water is not suitable for use in aquaculture, nor for recreational use, the water is at the reference limit in terms of use for the purpose of aquaculture production and the reference limit regarding the risk of consumption. of fishery products.

Programa nacional de vigilância em saúde ambiental relacionada à qualidade da água para consumo humano / Environmental health surveillance national program related to the water quality for human consumption

Este livro trata do Programa Nacional de Vigilância em Saúde Ambiental, a ser implementado no Brasil, que está relacionado à qualidade da água para consumo humano no País. O presente documento contém as diretrizes e os princípios norteadores do programa no âmbito do SUS, o campo e a forma de sua atuação, bem como as principais atividades necessárias para a sua execução

Guías básicas: Tecnologías apropiadas en agua potable y saneamiento básico / You guide basic: Technologies adapted in drinkable water and basic reparation

Las guías básicas en agua potable y saneamiento tienen por objeto eneseñar métodos simples a los pobladores para que ellos mismos puedan solucionar sus necesidades más sentidas, empleando tecnologías apropiadas que les permitan mejorar las condiciones de su vivienda y por ender, su calidad de vida. Las Guías son instrumentos fundamentales para la promoción y prevención de la salud. Como material de referencia y orientación ya se ha puesto aprueba en los programas de capacitación adelantados cojuntamente por los ministerios de salud y Desarrollo económico y la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS)

Water quality criteria: application of a procedural approach of numeric criteria and risk assessment protocols to regulated toxicant concentrations in the aquatic environment

The purpose of this study is to discuss the adequacy of developing water quality criteria based on site/region specific conditions in place of using general legal standards to protect human health from the impacts of pollutants in aquatic systems. Human noncarcinogenic criteria (HNC) were developed for Zn, Mn, Ni, Hg, As and Cd and compared with legal standards adopted in Brazil and the US. Uncertainty analyses were carried ou to provide a quantitative estimate of the variation range of HNC model outputs. Finally a risk assessment based on a scenario of Hg pollution in a river in the Amazon basin was carried out. It has been found that with the exception of As and Cd, the Brazilian legal standar values are more restrictive than the HNC values. It is pointed out that the HNC equation is only based on the protection of human health and thus, it does not consider the protection of aquatic life. The risk assessment concerning Hg contamination suggested that the local riverine population is exposed to due Hg concentrations and adverse health effects are likely to occur.

Global freshwater quality : A first assessment / Global freshwater quality : A first assessment

Commissioned by UNEP and WHO to investigate all aspects of freshwater quality, this book is the first global assessment of its kind. At a time when the quality of the world's water is of great concern to research scientists, university teachers and public and private bodies involved in water management, this study investigates the principal areas of scientific and environmental interest. Most chapters, such as that on nitrates, present a statement of the issue covered, looking at natural cycles and comparative data on naturally occurring levels of nitrates in freshwater, before going on to examine sources of additional input, and the effect of increased levels on the water body itself and on human health

The report has been reviewed by the meeting of Government designated experts in Geneva (September 1988) and their recommendations are incorporated, as are those of an independent team of international experts. Topics of particular importance include acid waters, organic micro-pollutants and pathogens. This book should establish itself as the leading sourcebook of data on the world's freshwater