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1.
J Am Coll Health ; 66(7): 665-673, 2018 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29565755

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE AND PARTICIPANTS: Using data from 69,722 US undergraduates participating in the spring 2015 National College Health Assessment, we examine racial/ethnic differences in students' experience of discrimination. METHOD: Logistic regression predicted the experience of discrimination and its reported negative effect on academics. Additional models examined the effect of attending a Minority Serving Institution (MSI). RESULTS: Discrimination was experienced by 5-15% of students, with all racial/ethnic minority groups examined- including Black, Hispanic, Asian, AI/NA/NA, and Multiracial students- more likely to report discrimination relative to White students. Of students who experienced discrimination, 15-25% reported it had negatively impacted their academic performance, with Hispanic and Asian students more likely to report negative impacts relative to White students. Attending an MSI was associated with decreased experiences of discrimination. CONCLUSION: Students from racial/ethnic minority backgrounds are disproportionately affected by discrimination, with negative impacts for academic performance that are particularly marked for Hispanic and Asian students.


Assuntos
Desempenho Acadêmico/etnologia , Etnicidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Grupos Raciais/estatística & dados numéricos , Racismo/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudantes/psicologia , Universidades/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Negro ou Afro-Americano/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Grupos Minoritários/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , População Branca/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto Jovem
2.
J Adolesc Health ; 62(3): 327-333, 2018 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29248389

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Cigarette smoking among youth is associated with poorer health and psychosocial outcomes. However, few studies address how smoking may differentially relate to the emergence of disparities in functioning across races/ethnicities over adolescence. METHODS: Youth (n = 2,509) were surveyed eight times from ages 11 to 18. We measured cigarette use, academic and social functioning, mental and physical health, and delinquency. Sequelae of change models controlled for sociodemographic factors, and tested whether intercept and slope for smoking trajectories were associated with outcomes at the end of high school, and examined racial/ethnic differences in outcomes assuming similar smoking trajectories across groups. RESULTS: Youth were 45% Hispanic, 20% Asian, 20% white, 10% multiethnic, 2% black, and 1% other ethnicities. Higher average probability of smoking and steeper slopes of smoking trajectories were associated with poorer outcomes in multiple domains. Controlling for smoking trajectories, we observed the following disparities (vs. white youth; all p's < .05): black, Hispanic, and multiethnic youth reported lower academic performance; Asian, black, and multiethnic youth reported higher academic unpreparedness; Asian and multiethnic youth reported poorer mental health; Asian, Hispanic, and multiethnic youth reported poorer physical health; and Asian youth reported higher delinquency and poorer social functioning. CONCLUSIONS: Statistically adjusting for similar smoking trajectories, racial/ethnic minority youth demonstrated poorer outcomes in multiple domains compared with white peers. Smoking may be a particularly robust marker for risk of negative outcomes in racial/ethnic minority youth. Screening for cigarette use and intervening on smoking and associated risk behaviors among minority youth may help reduce disparities in functioning.


Assuntos
Desempenho Acadêmico/estatística & dados numéricos , Etnicidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Fumar/etnologia , Fumar/psicologia , Produtos do Tabaco/estatística & dados numéricos , Desempenho Acadêmico/etnologia , Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Classe Social
3.
J Youth Adolesc ; 45(6): 1176-91, 2016 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26746243

RESUMO

Supportive relationships with adults at school are critical to student engagement in adolescence. Additional research is needed to understand how students' racial backgrounds interact with the school context to shape their perceptions of school support. This study employed multilevel, latent variable methods with a sample of Black and White students (N = 19,726, 35.8 % Black, 49.9 % male, mean age = 15.9) in 58 high schools to explore variation in perceived caring, equity, and high expectations by student race, school diversity, and socioeconomic context. The results indicated that Black students perceived less caring and equity relative to White students overall, and that equity and high expectations were lower in diverse schools for both Black and White students. Nonetheless, racial disparities were attenuated in more diverse schools. The findings point to the need for intervention to improve perceptions of school support for Black youth and for all students in lower income and more diverse schools.


Assuntos
Desempenho Acadêmico/psicologia , Negro ou Afro-Americano/psicologia , Racismo/psicologia , Percepção Social , Apoio Social , População Branca/psicologia , Desempenho Acadêmico/etnologia , Adolescente , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Maryland , Racismo/etnologia , Instituições Acadêmicas , Autorrelato , Fatores Socioeconômicos
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