[Exposure Level and Risk Impact Assessment of Pesticides and Veterinary Drugs in Aquaculture Environment].

To explore the exposure level of pesticides and veterinary drugs in an aquaculture environment and its impact on the ecological environment, this study took the aquaculture environment in Shanghai as an example, and samples of water, sediment, and inputs from 40 major aquaculture farms were collected from July to September 2022. The types and contents of pesticides and veterinary drugs were screened using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrostatic field orbital ion trap mass spectrometry, and the risk quotient (RQ) method was used to assess the ecological risk of pesticide contamination in water and sediment. The results showed that 13 drugs were screened out from 204 samples (72 samples of water, 72 samples of mud, and 60 samples of input), namely, chlorpromazine, carbendazim, thiophanate, diazepam, florfenicol, simazine, amantidine, diazepam, trimethoprim, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, mebendazole, and enrofloxacin. Among them, 12 species were found in water samples with concentrations ranging from 0.016 µg·L-1 to 2.084 µg·L-1. The concentrations of seven species in the mud samples ranged from 0.018 µg·kg-1 to 23.101 µg·kg-1. The results showed that there were four types of inputs, ranging from 1.979 µg·kg-1 to 101.940 µg·kg-1. Seven drugs were found in both water and sediment. The risk quotient (RQ) results showed that there were some high and middle risks in both water and sediment samples of aquaculture farms, and the ecological risks of carbendazim were the highest in both water and sediment samples of aquaculture farms; the RQ values were 3.848 and 1.580, respectively, indicating high risk. It is suggested to strengthen the control and management of exogenous pesticides and veterinary drugs in aquaculture environments to protect the ecosystem health of the aquaculture environment.

Assessment and validation of the p-QuEChERS sample preparation methodology for the analysis of >200 veterinary drugs in various animal-based food matrices.

The need remains for veterinary multi-residue methods that reliably quantify and identify veterinary drugs in the various animal-based food matrices. Such a method should not only show good method performance parameters (e.g. recoveries of analytes) but must also be fast and cheap. The proposed method focused on the following points: acceptable analyte trueness (recovery) and precision for a large number (200) of diverse veterinary drugs in the relevant animal-based food matrices (egg, muscle, fatty fish, liver, kidney, and honey). The sample preparation method termed p-QuEChERS uses a salt mixture consisting of potassium phosphates to induce phase separation. The avoidance of conventional QuEChERS salts (e.g. magnesium sulphate) significantly improves recoveries of several critical analytes. Analyte recoveries were further improved by adding a centrifugation and a defatting step before initiating the salt-induced phase separation. This combined clean-up removes a large fraction of the potentially interfering matrix compounds. As a result, matrix effects in the electrospray interface were minimized. These factors were the basis for the obtained good validation data. Two types of high-resolution mass spectrometers coupled to liquid chromatography were compared for analysis. In comparison with conventional QuEChERS, the proposed p-QuEChERS concept improved the recovery of polar analytes such as penicillins, tetracyclines and quinolones. The simplicity of the procedure and the low consumable expenses make the method ideal for the routine control of veterinary drugs in all evaluated animal-based food matrices.

Integrating high-throughput exposure assessment and in vitro screening data to prioritize endocrine-active potential and dietary risks of pesticides and veterinary drug residues in animal products.

New approach methodologies in toxicology, such as in vitro high-throughput screening (HTS), can minimize the use of experimental animals and allow mechanism-based predictions of in vivo toxicity. HTS data has been increasingly used in the regulatory context; however, only a few studies integrated dietary exposure and HTS data to foster chemical prioritization in food. Additionally, the endocrine-associated risk of veterinary drug residues in food is yet to be fully characterized. This study aims to systematically compare the translated HTS data with the acceptable daily intake (ADI) values and prioritize the pesticides and veterinary drug residues (n = 294) in food using the exposure-activity ratio (EAR) and Toxicological Prioritization index (ToxPi). The dietary exposure assessment was accomplished using a stochastic human exposure and dose simulation high-throughput model (SHEDS-HT). We selected 76 HTS assays from 12 nuclear receptors to represent the molecular initiating event (MIE) of endocrine-disrupting phenotypes. Chemical prioritization was achieved using 4 methods (i.e., EAR-OED, EAR-ADI, ToxPi-exposure + ADI, and ToxPi-exposure + endocrine score), where the consensus prioritized chemicals were fipronil, furazolidone, oxolinic acid, and oxytetracycline for the Taiwanese population. This case study demonstrates the utility of HTS data in fostering regulatory decisions on chemicals, especially for those lacking comprehensive toxicity data.

Enabling forecasts of environmental exposure to chemicals in European agriculture under global change.

European agricultural development in the 21st century will be affected by a host of global changes, including climate change, changes in agricultural technologies and practices, and a shift towards a circular economy. The type and quantity of chemicals used, emitted, and cycled through agricultural systems in Europe will change, driven by shifts in the use patterns of pesticides, veterinary pharmaceuticals, reclaimed wastewater used for irrigation, and biosolids. Climate change will also impact the chemical persistence, fate, and transport processes that dictate environmental exposure. Here, we review the literature to identify research that will enable scenario-based forecasting of environmental exposures to organic chemicals in European agriculture under global change. Enabling exposure forecasts requires understanding current and possible future 1.) emissions, 2.) persistence and transformation, and 3.) fate and transport of agricultural chemicals. We discuss current knowledge in these three areas, the impact global change drivers may have on them, and we identify knowledge and data gaps that must be overcome to enable predictive scenario-based forecasts of environmental exposure under global change. Key research gaps identified are: improved understanding of relationships between global change and chemical emissions in agricultural settings; better understanding of environment-microbe interactions in the context of chemical degradation under future conditions; and better methods for downscaling climate change-driven intense precipitation events for chemical fate and transport modelling. We introduce a set of narrative Agricultural Chemical Exposure (ACE) scenarios - augmenting the IPCC's Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs) - as a framework for forecasting chemical exposure in European agriculture. The proposed ACE scenarios cover a plausible range of optimistic to pessimistic 21st century development pathways. Filling the knowledge and data gaps identified within this study and using the ACE scenario approach for chemical exposure forecasting will support stakeholder planning and regulatory intervention strategies to ensure European agricultural practices develop in a sustainable manner.

[Investigation and health risk assessment of veterinary drug residues in chickens and eggs sold in Ningxia from 2016 to 2020].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the monitoring status of veterinary drug residues in chickens and eggs sold in Ningxia from 2016 to 2020, and to evaluate the health risks of human intake. METHODS: A total of 303 chicken and 237 eggs were collected from 2016 to 2020, and the veterinary drug residues in chickens and eggs sold in Ningxia were detected and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The food safety index method was used to assess the health risks in combination with the dietary intake of residents. RESULTS: The detection rate of veterinary drug residues in chicken was 38.0%(115/303), and the over-standard rate was 7.6%(23/303). The detection rate of veterinary drug residues in eggs was 26.6%(63/237), and the over-standard rate was 19.8%(47/237). The food safety index of doxycycline in chicken was 4.59, and the food safety indexes of doxycycline, flumequine and flufenicol in eggs were 7.09, 26.5 and 2.33, respectively, all of which were much higher than 1, suggesting that there were health risks. The food safety indexes of other substances were all less than 1, and the food safety indexes were all acceptable. CONCLUSION: Veterinary drugs were widely detected in chicken and eggs in Ningxia from 2016 to 2020. Some veterinary drugs had hidden health risks.

Risk Assessment of Veterinary Drug Residues in Pork on the Market in the People's Republic of China.

ABSTRACT: Veterinary drugs, including antibiotics, antiparasitics, and growth promoters, are widely used in animal husbandry. Veterinary drug residues are key issues of food safety because they arouse public concern and can seriously endanger the health of consumers. To assess the risk of veterinary drug residues in pork sold in the People's Republic of China, the potential veterinary drug residue risks in imported and domestic pork were analyzed based on regulatory differences and veterinary drug residue safety incidents. For imported pork, a risk assessment model was established based on the differences in veterinary drug residue limits for the People's Republic of China, Brazil, the United States, Australia, Thailand, and Russia combined with comprehensive evaluation methods. The potential risk of veterinary drug residues in U.S. pork was the highest, and that in Brazilian pork was the lowest. For domestic pork, the distribution and aggregation of veterinary drug residue safety incidents in the People's Republic of China was analyzed from 2015 to 2019 with a geographic information system. This study provides new insights into the safety of pork on the Chinese market and a scientific basis for formulating targeted supervision and early warning strategies.

Sedimentary spectrum and potential ecological risks of residual pharmaceuticals in relation to sediment-water partitioning and land uses in a watershed.

Pharmaceutical residues in river surficial sediment are prone to anthropogenic impacts and environmental factors in watershed, but the mechanisms remain unclear. This study attempted to reveal surficial sediment-water pseudo-partitioning and anthropogenic (land use) patterns of pharmaceutical residues in surficial sediment among 23 subwatersheds of Jiulong River, southeast China with a gradient of urban land use percentile in dry and wet seasons. Thirty-eight out of target 86 compounds from six-category pharmaceuticals were quantified and ranged from below the quantification limits (0.001 mg kg-1 dry mass) up to 8.19 mg kg-1 dry mass (chlortetracycline) using a developed SPE-HPLC-MS/MS protocol. Antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) collectively dominated sedimentary pharmaceutical residues for 34.5-99.8% of the total quantified compounds (median at 92%). Land uses in subwatersheds showed high consistency with sedimentary pharmaceutical residues in the dry season rather than the wet season, especially for human use only and veterinary use only compounds. Surficial sediment-water partitioning of pharmaceutical compounds influenced their sedimentary residues regardless of season, which were determined by properties of compound and surficial sediment interactively. All tetracycline compounds, trimethoprim (sulfonamides synergist), caffeine (central nervous system drug), and oxfendazole (antiparasitic drug) were quantified to pose high potential ecological risks to aquatics. Findings of this study suggest that pseudo-persistent legacy of human and veterinary pharmaceuticals requires a wider coverage of pharmaceutical compounds for a comprehensive ecological assessment in the environment and more involvement of anthropogenic impacts and socioeconomic factors in the future studies.

Towards a more comprehensive life cycle assessment framework for assessing toxicity-related impacts for livestock products: The case of Danish pork.

In life cycle assessments of livestock systems, toxicity-related impacts are not commonly considered or only specific aspects (such as pesticides, manufacturing of inputs) are assessed. In this context, the aim of this study was to define a framework for assessing toxicity-related impacts and to characterize human toxicity and freshwater ecotoxicity for a livestock product based on applying the state-of-the-art models PestLCI Consensus and USEtox. Furthermore, methodological gaps were discussed and ways forward were suggested. The case study focused on Danish pork production and the toxicity results were reported per kg 'meat' (the parts of pig used for human consumption) leaving the slaughterhouse. The assessment framework included the use of pesticides and heavy metals in feed production, the use of veterinary pharmaceuticals in pig production, and the manufacturing of inputs. The use of cleaning agents could not be assessed with the currently available methods. New characterization factors were calculated for 35 chemicals not available in USEtox. For Danish pork production, feed production was the main contributor to the analyzed toxicity impacts. The use of pesticides was the main driver for organic substances while heavy metal emissions related to the application of pig manure to fields were the hotspot for metal-based substances. The use of veterinary pharmaceuticals contributed only to freshwater ecotoxicity by 3%. PestLCI Consensus estimates were compared with different approaches. The impact of metabolites of pesticides and veterinary pharmaceuticals was assessed and discussed. Methodological gaps and research needs were identified regarding the assessment of pesticides, veterinary pharmaceuticals, metal-based substances, inorganic substances, and combined exposure to multiple chemicals. Better data related to the use and chemical properties of substances are needed to reduce uncertainty in toxicity modeling.

Systematic assessment of acquisition and data-processing parameters in the suspect screening of veterinary drugs in archive matrices using LC-HRMS.

Monitoring strategies for veterinary drugs in products of animal origin are shifting towards a more risk-based approach. Such strategies not only target a limited number of predefined .substances but also facilitate detection of unexpected substances. By combining the use of archive matrices such as feather meal with suspect-screening methods, early detection of new hazards in the food and feed industry can be achieved. Effective application of such strategies is hampered by complex data interpretation and therefore, targeted data analysis is commonly applied. In this study, the performance of a suspect-screening data processing workflow using a suspect list or the online spectral database mzCloudTM was explored to facilitate detection of veterinary drugs in archive matrices. Data evaluation parameters specifically investigated for application of a suspect list were mass tolerance and the addition or omission of retention times. Application of a mass tolerance of 1.5 ppm leads to an increase in the number of false positives, as does omission of retention times in the suspect list. Different acquisition modes yielding different qualities of MS2 data were studied and proved to be a critical factor, where data-dependent acquisition is preferred when matching to the mzCloudTM database. Using this approach, it is possible to search for compounds on a dedicated suspect list based on the exact mass and retention times and, at the same time, detect unexpected compounds without a priori information. A pilot study was conducted and fourteen different antibiotics were detected (and confirmed by MS/MS). Three of these antibiotics were not included in the suspect list. The optimised suspect-screening method proved to be fit for the purpose of finding veterinary drugs in feather meal, which are not in the scope of the current monitoring methods and therefore, it gives added value in the perspective of a risk-based monitoring.

European legislation for veterinary medicines: Would a monograph system improve the environmental risk assessment?

The environmental risk assessment (ERA) of veterinary medicinal products (VMPs) has been a regulatory requirement in the European Union (EU) since 1993. However, in the last few years, the potential impact of human and veterinary medicines on the environment has become a growing concern worldwide. Indeed, the legal requirements for VMPs in the EU are changing. Regulation (EU) 2019/6, which will be applied from January 28, 2022, aims to update the regulatory framework for VMPs and replaces Directive 2001/82/EC. This paper analyzes the ability of both legislations to ensure a high level of protection of the environment while authorizing VMPs. Consideration is also given to the impact on administrative burdens in both the legislations. We conclude that the Regulation improves the Directive by reducing to a certain extent the regulatory burdens for the applicants and authorities. However, the knowledge of the environmental risks of all authorized VMPs and the consistency of the assessments remain quite similar between both legislations. Nevertheless, the new Regulation proposes to examine the feasibility and applicability of an assessment system based on the critical review of properties of the active substances ("monographs") or other potential alternatives. With this in mind, two proposals (a basic and an enhanced approach) for developing a monograph system are presented and their main advantages and disadvantages are explored. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:1274-1285. © 2021 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).

New Trends in Drug Delivery Systems for Veterinary Applications.

BACKGROUND: The veterinary pharmaceutical industry has shown significant growth in recent decades. Several factors contribute to this increase as the demand for the improvement of the quality of life of both domestic and wild animals, together with the need to improve the quality, productivity, and safety of foodstuffs of animal origin. METHODS: The goal of this work was to identify the most suitable medicines for animals that focus on drug delivery routes as those for humans, although they may have different devices, such as collars and ear tags. RESULTS: Recent advances in drug delivery systems for veterinary use are discussed, both from academic research and the global market. The administration routes commonly used for veterinary medicines are also explored, while special attention is given to the latest technological trends to improve the drug performance, reducing the number of doses, animal stress, and side effects. CONCLUSION: Drug delivery system in veterinary decreased the number of doses, side effects, and animal stress that are a small fraction of the benefits of veterinary drug delivery systems and represent a significant increase in profit for the industry; also, it demands investments in research regarding the quality, safety, and efficacy of the drug and the drug delivery systems.

Assessment of veterinary drug residues in food: Considerations when dealing with sub-optimal data.

The use of veterinary drugs in food-producing animals may lead to residues in animal-derived foodstuffs, potentially posing a risk to human safety. While the process of veterinary drug residue risk assessment continues to evolve as new data emerges, a recurring challenge is when sub-optimal or incomplete data are provided with the expectation of supporting a robust risk assessment. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) is comprised of international experts who routinely deal with such data challenges when performing veterinary drug residue evaluations. Recent developments in veterinary drug residue risk assessment are described, including specific consequences of sub-optimal data during the risk assessment process. When feasible, practical solutions to such challenges are also highlighted. Case examples from recent JECFA veterinary drug evaluations are provided to clearly quantify and illustrate the concepts described. The information provided is intended to facilitate the generation of improved quality data, enabling more timely and robust veterinary drug residue risk assessments.

Exposure pathways and ecological risk assessment of common veterinary antibiotics in the environment through poultry litter in Bangladesh.

Veterinary antibiotics (VAs) have entered the ecosystem principally through the application of organic fertilizer. However, factors influencing the contributions made by the prescribers and users thereof with respect to VAs in poultry manure have not been investigated. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to identify factors associated with the VA prescription and usage as well as to measure the residual concentration along with the ecological risk of common VAs in poultry litter in Bangladesh. Structured questionnaire surveys were conducted so as to provide an understanding the perspective of prescribers and farmers. Ciprofloxacin (CIP), enrofloxacin (ENR), oxytetracycline (OTC), and doxycycline (DOX) were screened through the use of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and quantified through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Also, methods of risk quotient (RQ) were applied to assess ecotoxicity. Most VAs were prescribed without a confirmatory diagnosis. The residue of CIP was dominant with a high concentration, followed by OTC but with a low concentration. A high ecological risk was associated with the use of OTC and DOX whereas the risk associated with the use of CIP and ENR was insignificant to low. The study highlights prescriber and user factors along with the variable ecological risk of VAs in litter.

A preliminary assessment of oral monepantel's tolerability and pharmacokinetics in individuals with treatment-refractory solid tumors.

PURPOSE: Monepantel is an approved veterinary anthelmintic with a strong safety profile. Preclinical evidence suggests novel mTOR pathway-associated anticancer activity. An open-label Phase I trial assessed tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and PET-CT imaging following oral Zolvix® monepantel administration to adults with treatment refractory, progressing and unresectable solid tumors. METHODS: Subjects were scheduled to daily home-based monepantel administration for 28 days in a 3 + 3 dose escalation study (5.0, 25.0 and 62.5 mg/kg bw). RESULTS: Of 41 reported drug-related AEs, 68% were Grade 1 and 24% were Grade 2; 35 AEs related to gastrointestinal effects including very poor palatability. DLT and MTD could not be determined due to early termination. Myelosuppression was not observed at the lowest level tested. Three of four Cohort 1 subjects had reduced mTOR pathway marker p-RPS6KB1 levels in PBMCs and achieved RECISTv1.1 SD by CT; one had progressive bony metastases by FDG-PET. One subject recorded PD on day 28, correlating with no detectable plasma monepantel from day 7. Monepantel sulfone dominated monepantel in pharmacokinetics. Both Cohort 2 subjects withdrew early due to AEs and the trial was terminated. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term 5 mg/kg bw monepantel administration provides a combined steady-state trough plasma monepantel and monepantel sulfone concentration of 0.5 µM. Gastrointestinal AEs including very poor palatability are concerning and suggested to be resolved by future drug product reformulation. RECISTv1.1, p-RPS6KB1 and plasma tumor marker outcomes provide preliminary evidence of anticancer activity.

Eight years of sales surveillance of antimicrobials for veterinary use in Germany-What are the perceptions?

A surveillance system for sales volumes of antimicrobial agents for veterinary use was established in Germany in 2011. Since then, pharmaceutical companies and wholesalers have been legally obliged to report annual volumes of veterinary antimicrobial products sold to veterinary practices or clinics located in Germany. The evaluation of sales volumes for eight consecutive years resulted in a considerable total decrease by 58% from 1706 tons to 722 tons. During the investigation period, two legally binding measures to control the risk of antimicrobial resistance resulting from the veterinary use of antimicrobials were introduced, a) the German treatment frequencies benchmarking in 2014 and b) the obligation to conduct susceptibility testing for the use of cephalosporins of the 3rd and 4th generation and of fluoroquinolones in 2018. Both had a marked impact on sales volumes. Nonetheless, the category of Critically Important Antimicrobials as defined by the World Health Organization kept accounting for the highest share on sales volumes in Germany in 2018 with 403 tons, despite an overall reduction by 53%. Sales surveillance is considered essential for data retrieval on a global scale and inter-country comparison. However, the usability of a surveillance system based on sales data for risk management of antimicrobial resistance has limitations. The German system does not include off-label use of antimicrobial products authorized for human medicine and does not allow for identification of areas of high risk according to animal species, farm and production types and indications for treatment. For further reduction and enhanced promotion of a prudent use of antimicrobials, targeted measures would be required that could only be deducted from use data collected at farm or veterinary practice level. A surveillance system based on use data is currently lacking in Germany but will be established according to Regulation (EU) 2019/6 on veterinary medicinal products.

Risk Assessment of Veterinary Drug Residues in Meat Products.

With the improvement of the global food safety regulatory system, there is an increasing importance for food safety risk assessment. Veterinary drugs are widely used in poultry and livestock products. The abuse of veterinary drugs seriously threatens human health. This article explains the necessity of risk assessment for veterinary drug residues in meat products, describes the principles and functions of risk assessment, then summarizes the risk assessment process of veterinary drug residues, and then outlines the qualitative and quantitative risk assessment methods used in this field. We propose the establishment of a new meat product safety supervision model with a view to improve the current meat product safety supervision system.

Highlighting the role of veterinary pharmacists in zoonotic diseases including COVID-19.

Veterinary pharmacy is an often unknown and therefore, underrepresented career path for pharmacists. Uniquely, pharmacists-even untrained in veterinary medicine-are the only health professionals legally allowed to provide care for human and nonhuman patients. The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is a peculiar situation that, not only highlights veterinary pharmacy as a career path, but stresses the role veterinary pharmacists, trained in both human and veterinary medicine, can play in zoonotic diseases. Specialized training in veterinary medicine allows the pharmacist to serve as a resource for both physicians as well as veterinarians during zoonotic events by helping to ascertain feasibility of therapeutic options given the species. In addition, veterinary pharmacists involved in translational research would be vital for the drug development process as they would be aware of biologic nuances between the species and how they may affect the ultimate therapeutic outcome.

Human pharmaceutical and pesticide residues in Israeli dairy milk in association with dietary risk assessment.

Throughout the world, more than six billion people consume milk and milk products yearly. The safety and quality of dairy milk are regularly monitored in most countries worldwide. The Israeli monitoring program of chemical residues in milk has not changed in the last decades, focusing only on major veterinary drugs and few selected environmental contaminants such as heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants. Consequently, a knowledge gap exists regarding the potential occurrence of other chemicals such as human pharmaceuticals and non-monitored pesticides in milk. In this survey, 51 commercial bovine and goat milk samples were analysed by LC-MS/MS and pharmaceutical and pesticide residues are reported in the range of 0.1-93 µg/L. Israeli milk samples revealed at least one and up to five chemical residues simultaneously. The pesticides found in milk were below the European maximum residue limit values. The risk assessment performed, indicated negligible risk.

Validated spectrophotometric determination of maduramicin ammonium using three charge transfer complexation reactions.

Direct spectrophotometric determination of Maduramicin ammonium (MAD) represents an analytical challenge since it is a weak UV-absorbing and lacking a strong chromophore. This work represents the first spectrophotometric determination of MAD as no direct spectrophotometric or colorimetric determination methods for MAD are available in the literature. The present study illustrates the development of three simple, rapid and inexpensive colorimetric methods for the routine quality control analysis of MAD based on the formation of colored charge transfer complexes with three electron acceptors namely p-chloranilic acid (p-CA), 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ) and picric acid (PA). The color products of MAD with p-CA, DDQ and PA were measured at 519, 588 and 405nm respectively. The proposed methods were validated in terms of linearity, ranges, precision, accuracy, robustness and limits of detection and quantification. MAD was effectively determined over concentration ranges of 100-1000, 25-250 and 30-150µg/mL using p-CA, DDQ and PA, respectively with good linearity as shown by the values of correlation coefficients not less than 0.9991. The developed methods were successfully implemented in the assay of MAD powder pharmaceutical formulation for veterinary use.

Obstacles to vaccination of animals and prospective solutions.

On the 17th of October 2019, a workshop was held at Wageningen Bioveterinary Research in Lelystad, the Netherlands, to discuss the obstacles to vaccination in the veterinary field. Participants from academia, OIE, FAO, EC, EMA, USDA, national regulatory and veterinary health authorities, and the animal health industry discussed how availability and access to animal vaccines can be improved not just in the EU and US but also in Low to Middle Income Countries (LMIC) across the world and agreed that this requires innovations in both the scientific and the regulatory field. The workshop called for engaging all stakeholders to improve regulatory acceptance of novel vaccine technologies and encourage their registration. There is a need for better mutual understanding between academia, industry and regulators, and more openness to discuss framework, requirements, and product authorisations, and to converge the regulatory rules between regions. The next leap forward could be a broader application of novel technologies using RNA- or DNA-based vaccine platforms, where the "backbone" is maintained, while the gene of interest coding for an immunogenic protein can be exchanged in a standardised manner. This approach enables rapid response in outbreak situations and should lower the risk and cost of vaccine development.