El proceso de superación del profesional de enfermería en cuidados intensivos obstétricos / The process of nursing professional improvement in obstetric intensive care

Introducción: La sociedad cubana actual requiere de un profesional de enfermería mejor preparado, desde el punto de vista técnico y humano, para desarrollar con éxito su labor de acuerdo con las exigencias del desarrollo científico tecnológico y las demandas sociales. Objetivo: Exponer el proceso de superación profesional de enfermería para la solución de los problemas profesionales en su desempeño en cuidados intensivos obstétricos. Métodos: El estudio histórico-lógico posibilitó determinar las diferentes etapas histórico-contextuales del proceso de superación de los profesionales de enfermería desde la educación de posgrado, así como el análisis documental y la sistematización realizada a investigaciones nacionales e internacionales. Conclusiones: La superación profesional de enfermería debe corresponderse con el contexto real en que se presentan los problemas profesionales para darles solución; así como promover el desarrollo de nuevos conocimientos y habilidades con pertinencia social, científica y humanística, que posibiliten el fortalecimiento de la práctica del cuidado y eleven la calidad del desempeño(AU)

Introduction: The present Cuban society requires better prepared nursing professionals, from the technical and human point of view, who can develop their work successfully in accordance with the demands of scientific-technological development and the society. Objective: To present the process of nursing professional improvement for the solution of professional problems as part of nurses' performance in obstetric intensive care. Methods: The historical-logical study permitted to determine the different historical-contextual stages of the process of nursing professional improvement from postgraduate education, as well as the documental analysis and the systematization of national and international research. Conclusions: Nursing professional improvement should correspond to the real context where professional problems appear, in order to solve them; as well as to promote the development of new knowledge and skills with social, scientific and humanistic relevance, ensuring the care practice be strengthened and quality of performance be raised(AU)

Nursing education in Poland - The past and new development perspectives.

Professional nursing education in Poland began in 1911 in Kraków. Since then, the nursing education system has continued to change. From the establishment of the first professional nursing school, Poland experienced partition, war and the German occupation, short-lived independence, the Soviet regime and the regaining of its freedom, as well as the development of democracy processes. All of these events impacted on nurses' education. The current state of nursing training is determined by the requirements of the Council of the European Communities. Today, the challenge for nursing education in Poland is the permanent process of the country's education system's adjustment to the European Higher Education Area to ensure the quality of education and to support the mobility of students and academic teachers. Additionally, new competencies pertaining to nurse prescribing, which have been in force in Poland since 2016, will cause new changes to the under- and postgraduate programmes of nursing education. The aim of this study is to present the development of nursing education in Poland in the context of socio-political changes in the country and from the perspective of current nursing challenges worldwide.

Políticas de saúde e educação e a oferta dos cursos de especialização em enfermagem: 2001-2007 / Políticas de salud y educación y la oferta de los cursos de especialización en enfermería: 2001-2007 / Health and education policies and supply of nursing specialization courses: 2001-2007

Estudo de caso qualitativo de natureza histórico-social, cujos objetivos incluem: descrever as circunstâncias que determinaram o aumento da oferta dos cursos de especialização em enfermagem; analisar a oferta dos cursos de especialização em enfermagem na Faculdade de Enfermagem Luiza de Marillac – Faculdades São Camilo/RJ e discutir a relação entre a oferta dos cursos de especialização em enfermagem nesta instituição e as políticas públicas de saúde e educacionais nos anos de 2001 a 2007. No período em questão, a instituição ofereceu 56 cursos de especialização, sendo a maioria correspondente aos cursos de Condutas de Enfermagem no Paciente Crítico (37%), Enfermagem do Trabalho (23%) e Saúde Pública (18%). A oferta de cursos de especialização em enfermagem ocorre, principalmente, em consonância com as políticas de educação e saúde e de acordo com as exigências do mercado de trabalho.

This qualitative case study drew on a social history background in order to: describe the circumstances which determined the increase in supply of specialization courses in nursing; analyze the supply of specialization courses in nursing at the Luiza de Marillac School of Nursing (Faculdades São Camilo, Rio de Janeiro), and discuss the relationship between supply of specialization courses in nursing there and public health and education policies between 2001 and 2007. During this period, the school offered 56 specialized courses, mostly in Nursing of Critical Patients (37%), Workplace Nursing (23%), and Public Health (18%). The supply of nursing specialization courses responds mainly to education and health policies, and the requirements of the employment market.

Estudio de caso cualitativo de naturaleza histórico-social, cuyos objetivos incluyen: describir las circunstancias que determinaron el aumento de la oferta de los cursos de especialización en enfermería; analizar la oferta de los cursos de especialización en enfermería en la Facultad de Enfermería Luiza de Marillac – Facultades São Camilo/RJ-Brasil y discutir la relación entre la oferta de los cursos de especialización en enfermería en esta institución y las políticas públicas de salud y de educación entre los años de 2001 hasta 2007. En el período en cuestión, la institución ofreció 56 cursos de especialización, siendo la mayoría correspondiente a los cursos de Conductas de Enfermería en el Paciente Crítico (37%), Enfermería del Trabajo (23%) e Salud Pública (18%). La oferta de cursos de especialización en enfermería ocurre, principalmente, en consonancia con las políticas de educación y salud y de acuerdo con las exigencias del mercado de trabajo.

A historical perspective of the women's health nurse practitioner.

There are more than 12,000 women's health nurse practitioners (WHNPs) currently certified by the National Certification Corporation (NCC) and practicing in a wide range of roles. The purpose of this article is to describe the historical development of the WHNP specialty, and to review the evolution of the specialty from an initially very focused practice in the area of family planning into obstetric and gynecologic care to today's more diffuse role inclusive of primary care. Women's health nurse practitioners must broaden their educational background to include the lifespan of women, not just the reproductive years. With the inclusion of chronic disease management of the middle-aged and elderly woman, WHNPs will provide more comprehensive and integrative health care to women in all areas of the United States.

The genesis of advanced nursing practice in New Zealand: policy, politics and education.

When New Zealand's first Nurse Practitioner was approved by the Nursing Council of New Zealand in December 2001, it was the centenary year of New Zealand nursing registration, but less than a decade after the commencement of New Zealand's first pre-registration nursing degrees. What were the conditions and forces in play that saw nursing achieve a new emphasis on advanced clinical education and practice, culminating in the development of an advanced, expanded scope of nursing practice? This contemporary historical study examines the professional and sectoral milieu of the 1990s and the turn of the 21st century, together with the policy initiatives undertaken to advance nursing in New Zealand during that period.

An unending challenge: how official decisions have influenced the teaching of nursing in Norway.

BACKGROUND: Over a period of more than 50 years, there have been huge changes in nursing education in Norway owing to large numbers of political and other official resolutions. AIM: To evaluate how these decisions have had influence upon the role of the nurse teacher. METHODS: The contents of political documents, government-sponsored curricula and articles in The Norwegian Nurse Organization's journal Sykepleien were analysed. FINDINGS: The main findings are structured into two periods. During the period from 1950 to 1979, nurse education was strongly bound by official detailed terms for the curriculum, and the role of the teacher was ruled by these regulations. In the next period, from 1980 to the present, the situation in nursing education changed. From now on, the teachers had to develop the curricula based on more general plans and regulations. During these years, the numbers of students increased dramatically, and there also was tremendous pressure on nurse teachers to undertake further qualifications and to do scientific work. At the same time, the teachers had to fulfil their duties in teaching and supervising the students, and support their supervisors in clinical practice. CONCLUSION: The role of the nurse teachers in Norway has, in many ways, been driven by many different interests and they are still struggling to meet the different demands made upon them.

Development of the New Zealand nursing workforce: historical themes and current challenges.

Development of the New Zealand nursing workforce has been shaped by social, political, scientific and interprofessional forces. The unregulated, independent and often untrained nurses of the early colonial period were succeeded in the early 1900s by registered nurses, with hospital-based training, working in a subordinate role to medical practitioners. In the mid/late 1900s, greater specialisation within an expanding workforce, restructuring of nursing education, health sector reform, and changing social and political expectations again reshaped nursing practice. Nursing now has areas of increasing autonomy, expanding opportunities for postgraduate education and leadership roles, and a relationship with medicine, which is more collaborative than in the past. Three current challenges are identified for nursing in New Zealand's rapidly evolving health sector; development of a nursing-focused knowledge culture, strengthening of research capacity, and dissemination of new nursing knowledge.

Brief history of inclusion of content on culture in nursing education.

Nursing has a long history of focusing on the cultural dimension of care, dating back to Florence Nightingale and the early days of public health nursing. Nursing education studies advocated for including social science concepts in nursing curricula well before the founding of the first university school of nursing in the United States in 1910. A brief review of the highlights of major nursing curriculum, licensing, funding, accreditation studies, and initiatives reveals that culture competence in nursing education continues to receive increasing emphasis and support.

Academic nursing centers: the road from the past, the bridge to the future.

This article explores the development of academic nursing centers within an environment of evolving health policy and changing priorities and resources within nursing education during the past 3 decades. Etheredge's framework for this discussion identifies three health policy eras: the Age of Traditional Health Insurance (1965-1982); the Age of Regulated Prices for Government Programs (1983-1992); and the Age of Markets, Purchasing, and Managed Care (1993-2000). In this article, I suggest the current era is the Age of Uncertainty and Opportunity. Within each era, health policy changes are summarized, and changes in nursing education that influenced the evolution of academic nursing centers are identified. The uncertainty and opportunity of the current era is explored within the context of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) reports issued in 2000 and 2001. The new vision for clinical education in the health professions described in the 2001 report provides new opportunities for academic nursing centers. To take advantage of these opportunities, these centers must focus on quality issues as they continue to maintain a precarious balance between meeting the service needs of their clients and the academic needs of the nursing programs that own them. Centers that maintain this balance will be a bridge to the future for quality health professions education.