Assessment of Nitrofurantoin as an Experimental Intracanal Medicament in Endodontics.

Background and Objectives. Multiple antibacterial agents have been mixed and used as an intracanal medicament-like modified triple antibiotic paste (MTAP) to eliminate Enterococcus faecalis (EF), which has been most frequently identified in the cases of failed root canal treatment and periapical lesions. This study is aimed at using a single antibacterial agent, nitrofurantoin (Nit), as an experimental intracanal medicament paste against different clinical isolates of EF), which has been most frequently identified in the cases of failed root canal treatment and periapical lesions. This study is aimed at using a single antibacterial agent, nitrofurantoin (Nit), as an experimental intracanal medicament paste against different clinical isolates of Materials and Methods. Three strains of EF), which has been most frequently identified in the cases of failed root canal treatment and periapical lesions. This study is aimed at using a single antibacterial agent, nitrofurantoin (Nit), as an experimental intracanal medicament paste against different clinical isolates of n = 90), group M (MTAP) (n = 90), group M (MTAP) (n = 90), group M (MTAP) (EF), which has been most frequently identified in the cases of failed root canal treatment and periapical lesions. This study is aimed at using a single antibacterial agent, nitrofurantoin (Nit), as an experimental intracanal medicament paste against different clinical isolates of n = 90), group M (MTAP) (n = 90), group M (MTAP) (n = 90), group M (MTAP) (EF), which has been most frequently identified in the cases of failed root canal treatment and periapical lesions. This study is aimed at using a single antibacterial agent, nitrofurantoin (Nit), as an experimental intracanal medicament paste against different clinical isolates of. RESULTS: Nit could eradicate S1, S2, and S3 completely with concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, and 25 mg/mL, respectively, while MTAP showed complete eradication of the three strains only at 25 mg/mL. In all the groups, it was found that the CFU counts of EF), which has been most frequently identified in the cases of failed root canal treatment and periapical lesions. This study is aimed at using a single antibacterial agent, nitrofurantoin (Nit), as an experimental intracanal medicament paste against different clinical isolates of. CONCLUSION: At the concentration of 25 mg/mL, the Nit paste is effective in eradicating EF completely when it is used as an intracanal medicament.EF), which has been most frequently identified in the cases of failed root canal treatment and periapical lesions. This study is aimed at using a single antibacterial agent, nitrofurantoin (Nit), as an experimental intracanal medicament paste against different clinical isolates of.

Clinician-centered Outcomes Assessment of Retreatment and Endodontic Microsurgery Using Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Volumetric Analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Outcomes assessment of retreatment and endodontic microsurgery (EMS) are traditionally based on clinical findings and radiographs. The purpose of this study was to assess the volumetric change of periapical radiolucencies (PARLs) by cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT)-based analysis in retreatment and EMS cases. METHODS: For 68 retreatment and 57 EMS cases, preoperative and recall clinical data, periapical (PA) radiographs, and CBCT imaging were retrospectively obtained. Specialized software was used by 2 board-certified endodontists for volumetric analysis of PARLs. For EMS and retreatment, clinical outcomes were determined by combining clinical data with CBCT-generated volumetric analysis (PA radiographs not used). Additionally, comparisons of percent volume reduction for EMS and retreatment were performed. Examiner interpretations of outcomes assessment using PA radiography and CBCT imaging were compared. RESULTS: In teeth with or without a preoperative PARL, EMS resulted in a statistically significant difference in complete healing (49/57 [86.0%]) versus retreatment (28/68 [41.2%], P < .0001). EMS resulted in a statistically significant difference in combined complete healing and reductive healing (54/57 [94.7%]) versus retreatment (56/68 [82.4%], P < .05). Of 46 recalls in which CBCT imaging detected a PARL, PA radiography detected 30 (a 35% false-negative rate). Of the 79 recall studies in which CBCT imaging did not detect a PARL, PA radiography did detect PARL in 13 (a 16.5% false-positive rate). CONCLUSIONS: In this CBCT and clinical data-based outcomes assessment, EMS resulted in a greater mean volumetric reduction and a higher healing rate compared with retreatment. Postoperative CBCT imaging is more sensitive and specific than PA radiography in assessing PARL and has demonstrable usefulness in outcomes assessment.

Quality Assessment of Randomized Clinical Trials Reporting in Endodontic Journals: An Observational Study from 2012 to 2017.

INTRODUCTION: Reports on randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are of critical importance because readers of research often do not access the full text. This study aimed to assess the reporting quality of RCTs in 2 leading endodontic journals. METHODS: Issues of 2 endodontic journals, the Journal of Endodontics and the International Journal of Endodontics, dated from 2012 to 2017 were hand searched to identify RCT reports. A 37-item checklist based on the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials statement was used to examine the completeness of RCT reporting. RESULTS: One hundred nine RCT reports were included in this study. The majority were published in the Journal of Endodontics (82%). The mean overall reporting quality score was 65.0% (95% confidence interval, 77.3-66.5). Most (80%-100%) RCTs clearly reported the author/contact details, trial design, participant characteristics, number of participants, and recruitment status as well as the study's intervention(s), objective(s), outcome(s), and conclusions. Conversely, only 56 of the 109 articles (51%) satisfactorily reported all 5 items related to the randomization method. Registration of reviews was not reported in any of the included abstracts. Most of the studies included in this analysis did not report their RCT registration (22%), funding (35%), or protocols (23%). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that the reporting quality of RCTs in endodontic journals requires further improvement. Better reporting of RCTs is particularly important for ensuring the reliability of research findings and ultimately promoting the practice of evidence-based dentistry. Optimal RCT reporting should be encouraged, preferably by complying with the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials guidelines.

Assessment of Extruded Debris in Primary Molars Comparing Manual and Reciprocating Instrumentation

Objective: To compare the amount of extruded debris in primary molars after manual instrumentation or WaveOne system. Material and Methods: Twenty-five primary molar roots with mild and moderate root angulation (between 10 to 20º), having at least two thirds of root length, no pathological reabsorption (internal or external) or furcation perforation, were selected for this study. Roots were standardized at 6 mm in length, inserted and stabilized in individual acrylic resin blocks with random distribution into two groups: G1 (n=12): Instrumentation with crown-down manual technique; and G2 (n=13): instrumentation with WaveOne system. Blocks with roots were weighed before and after instrumentation, allowing the calculation of extruded debris using both mechanical preparations. Data analysis was performed by Bioestat 4.0 statistical software using Mann Whitney test. Results: The mean weight of extruded debris in manual instrumentation and WaveOne system have no significant difference (p=0.8704). Conclusion: Manual crown-down instrumentation or WaveOne system does not influence the amount of extruded debris after mechanical preparation, suggesting that both techniques were effective in canals clean causing similar extrused debris, however more studies with largest sample should be done to better validate this evidence.

Clinical and Radiographic Assessment of the Efficacy of a Collagen Membrane in Regenerative Endodontics: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial.

INTRODUCTION: Recent reviews confirm a general lack of randomized, controlled clinical studies on the efficacy of regenerative endodontics in immature teeth affected by pulp and periapical diseases. Moreover, we have no evidence of the curative efficacy of collagen membranes used as scaffolds in regenerative endodontics. Here, we evaluated whether a Bio-Gide collagen membrane (Geistlich Pharma AG, Wolhusen, Switzerland) has efficacy in promoting dentin formation in regenerative endodontics. METHODS: Forty-three patients yielding a total of 46 nonvital immature teeth were divided randomly into 2 groups. Subsequent to chemomechanical preparation, regenerative endodontics with (the experimental group) and without (the control group) Bio-Gide were performed. All cases were followed up clinically and radiographically every 3 months for at least 6 months. Quantitative analyses using an imaging program yielded percentage changes in root dimensions based on a comparison between preoperative and recall radiographs. RESULTS: The results of 40 patients (43 teeth) were included in the final analyses. All patients from both groups showed clinical success with complete resolution of signs and symptoms. Radiographically, the thickness of the dentin wall at the middle third of the root was higher for the experimental group than the control group. However, other indicators were comparable between both groups. CONCLUSIONS: The use of the Bio-Gide collagen membrane promoted the development of the dentin wall in the middle third of the root in patients undergoing regenerative endodontic procedures. The convenience of operation and the assured positioning of the sealing material make the Bio-Gide collagen membrane especially suitable for handling wide root canals.

Outcome of Single- vs Multiple-visit Endodontic Therapy of Nonvital Teeth: A Meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Endodontic therapy is a specialized procedure more demanded by patients within public oral health care in the country. Then, single-visit endodontic therapy may offer advantages to the health care services, to the professionals, and to the patients by reducing access barriers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A meta-analysis was done and the variables evaluated were periapical repair, microbiological control, and postobturation pain in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) involving endodontic treatment of nonvital teeth at single- or multiple visits. RESULTS: About 17 RCTs were included. There were no differences found in periapical repair or microbiological control in single- and multiple-visit therapy. Single-visit endodontic therapy resulted in 21% less postobturation pain (relative risks = 0.79; 95%, confidence interval: 0.66-0.94). CONCLUSION: There was less postobturation pain in the single-visit endodontic therapy group. In the public dental care, this analysis favors the adoption of this one therapy because it will be possible to increase the patient access and the supply of this therapy. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: It is possible to get a better cost-effectiveness for the patients and the health care service. This is very important because the reduction of the cost to the patient allows it to become a complete treatment. The health service, in turn, is able to be better used, with a greater supply of this service.

Current Assessment of Reciprocation in Endodontic Preparation: A Comprehensive Review-Part I: Historic Perspectives and Current Applications.

INTRODUCTION: During the evolution of mechanical instrumentation in endodontics, an important role has been played by reciprocating stainless steel files using horizontal rotational, vertical translational, or combined movements. These kinds of systems are still in use mainly as an accessory to help in the first phases of the treatment. METHODS: The literature concerning these systems has been analyzed using selected criteria. RESULTS: The latest evolution of horizontal rotational reciprocating movement brought to the development of a different kind of movement in which the angles are asymmetrical and that appears to be ideal in conjunction with modern nickel-titanium (NiTi) files with a greater taper. Initially, this movement was limited to particular handpieces available on the market that was used with existing NiTi files to complete root canal instrumentation. Later on, specific files and proprietary motors were introduced into the market. The differences between reciprocating motion used for NiTi and stainless steel files are described and critically analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: A classification of the different mechanical reciprocating motions used is presented, thus enabling an easier understanding of these systems and anticipated future developments.

Assessment of the periapical health of abutment teeth: A retrospective radiological study.

AIM: The aim was to examine the technical quality of root fillings and periapical status of root-filled and nonroot-filled teeth restored with crowns and bridge retainers through a retrospective analysis of orthopantomographs (OPTGs) in an adult Turkish subpopulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, the digital OPTGs of adult patients between the ages of 20 and 70 who appealed to the Endodontics Endodontics Department of the Dentistry Faculty at Marmara University (Istanbul, Turkey) for the first time to have their endodontic treatment needs met were used. The periapical health of all teeth restored with crowns and bridge retainers, and the technical quality of the root fillings on abutment teeth were evaluated by radiographic criteria. RESULTS: The survey was carried out using the OPTGs of 1000 adult patients composed of 590 (59.0%) women and 410 (41.0%) men. 4656 (20.9%) of the totally examined 22280 teeth were with crowns and bridge retainers. 986 of the total abutment teeth were root-filled and 458 (46.5%) of them had apical periodontitis (AP) while 3670 of the total abutment teeth were nonroot-filled and 930 (25.3%) of them were with AP. The most commonly treated teeth were premolars (33.8%), followed by molars (26.2%), incisors (23.3%) and canines (16.7%). Technical quality was proved to be adequate in 27.5% of the root fillings. A higher frequency of AP was related to inadequate root fillings (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The frequency of root-filled abutment teeth with AP, nonroot-filled abutment teeth with AP, and technically inadequate root-fillings among teeth with crowns and bridge retainers was high in the selected adult population.

Assessment of patients' awareness and factors influencing patients' demands for sedation in endodontics.

INTRODUCTION: Endodontic therapy is perceived by many as a procedure to be feared. Many studies have reported that fear and anxiety are major deterrents to seeking dental care in general, but only a few deal with the use of sedation in endodontic therapies. The purpose of this study was to assess patients' awareness of and factors influencing the potential demand for sedation in endodontics. We hypothesized that there is an association between demographic factors and the demand for sedation in endodontics. METHODS: A survey consisting of 24 questions was given to patients 18 years and older who presented to the graduate endodontic clinic. Results were collected and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Thirty-six percent of patients reported that their perception of sedation was being put to sleep, and 27% perceived it as related to or reducing pain. Concerns associated with endodontic therapy were the fear of pain (35%), fear of needles (16%), difficulty getting numb (10%), and anxiety (7%). The 2 major demographic factors that influenced the demand for sedation were cost and the level of anxiety (P < .05). Fifty-one percent showed a positive interest in sedation for endodontic therapy if the option of sedation was available. CONCLUSIONS: The demand for sedation in endodontics is high. Patients' understanding of sedation varies. More patients would consider having endodontic procedures if sedation was available. The provision of sedation by endodontists could result in more patients accepting endodontic therapies.

Avaliação da eficácia de distintas preparações de hidróxido de cálcio sobre pseudomonas aeruginosa / Assessment of the effectiveness of different preparations of calcium hydroxide on pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa é um patógeno humano associado a casos de infecções reincidentes em canais radiculares. A antissepsia destes canais é uma dificuldade enfrentada no tratamento endodôntico. A clorexidina é um antibiótico introduzido há muito tempo na prática odontológica e ainda muito utilizado. A aplicação intracanal de pastas à base de Hidróxido de Cálcio (HC) tem sido um protocolo muito recomendado. O uso de veículos pode aumentar o espectro de atuação do HC e potencializar o seu poder antimicrobiano. Neste trabalho foi analisada a atividade antimicrobiana do HC através de distintos veículos como salina, glicerina e Paramonoclorocanforado (PMCC). A clorexidina foi usada como controle. A média de halos de inibição de HC com salina foi de 17,30 ± 2,372 (24 h) e 17,18 ± 2,324 (48h); para a glicerina 21,06 ± 0,6794 (24h) e 20,74 ± 1,091 (48 h); para o PMCC 36,70 ± 1,875 (24h) e 36,26 ± 1,719 (48h). A clorexidina não apresentou diferença estatística na média dos halos de inibição em relação às pastas formadas por HC com glicerina e salina. Já o HC associado ao PMCC apresentou média de halos de inibição significativamente maiores que a média da clorexidina. Sendo assim, o PMCC se apresenta como uma alternativa a ser mais utilizada para a otimização da antissepsia dos canais radiculares, diminuindo as chances de infecção reincidente, grande responsável pelo insucesso dos tratamentos endodônticos.

The 'E' factor -- evolving endodontics.

Endodontics is a constantly developing field, with new instruments, preparation techniques and sealants competing with trusted and traditional approaches to tooth restoration. Thus general dental practitioners must question and understand the significance of these developments before adopting new practices. In view of this, the aim of this article, and the associated presentation at the 2013 British Dental Conference & Exhibition, is to provide an overview of endodontic methods and constantly evolving best practice. The presentation will review current preparation techniques, comparing rotary versus reciprocation, and question current trends in restoration of the endodontically treated tooth.

Regenerative endodontics: barriers and strategies for clinical translation.

Regenerative endodontics has encountered substantial challenges toward clinical translation. The adoption by the American Dental Association of evoked pulp bleeding in immature permanent teeth is an important step for regenerative endodontics. However, there is no regenerative therapy for most endodontic diseases. Simple recapitulation of cell therapy and tissue engineering strategies that are under development for other organ systems has not led to clinical translation in regeneration endodontics. Recent work using novel biomaterial scaffolds and growth factors that orchestrate the homing of host endogenous cells represents a departure from traditional cell transplantation approaches and may accelerate clinical translation.

A eficácia do hidróxido de cálcio no tratamento endodôntico de decíduos: seis anos de avaliação / Efficacy of calcium hydroxide in the endodontic treatment of primary teeth: six years of follow-up

Objetivo: avaliar os resultados clínicos e radiográficos da utilização do hidróxido de cálcio no tratamento endodôntico em decíduos (com necrose pulpar, associada ou não à lesão periapical ou interradicular). Método: o grupo teste foi composto por 33 dentes decíduos, sendo 17 dentes anteriores e 16 posteriores de 31 crianças, com idade variando de um a 11 anos. O grupo-controle foi o de dentes homólogos àqueles tratados endodonticamente e seus sucessores permanentes. O atendimento clínico foi realizado por dois profissionais experientes e previamente calibrados. Os dentes foram abertos e durante o preparo mecânico-químico fez-se uma irrigação copiosa com hipoclorito de sódio a 1%. Nos casos de dentes tratados em duas sessões (casos de necrose pulpar associada à lesão periapical e/ou interradicular), utilizou-se uma medicação intracanal (pasta de base de hidróxido de cálcio p.a e soro fisiológico) por 30 dias. Após esse período, os dentes foram obturados utilizando-se a pasta L&C®, também à base de hidróxido de cálcio. Em seguida, realizaram-se controles periódicos, por até 72 meses, até a esfoliação do decíduo e a erupção do dente permanente sucessor. Resultados: os resultados foram satisfatórios em 32 dos 33 dentes avaliados no grupo teste, ou seja, 97% dos dentes tratados apresentaram-se sem sinais clínicos e radiográficos de lesões periapicais e interradiculares. Observaram-se resultados similares quanto ao grau e ao padrão de rizólise dos decíduos, bem como de desenvolvimento e irrompimento do sucessor permanente ao se comparar os dois grupos (teste e controle). Esses resultados permitiram considerar como sucesso a terapia endodôntica instituída, demonstrando a efetividade do protocolo utilizado. Conclusões: o hidróxido de cálcio é efetivo no tratamento endodôntico de dentes decíduos, não necessitando que seja associado a outros agentes antimicrobianos.

Objective: The aim of this work was to evaluate, clinically and radiographically, the efficacy of calcium hydroxide in the endodontic treatment of primary teeth with pulp necrosis associated or not with periapical or interadicular lesions. Method: The test group comprised 33 primary teeth, being 17 anterior teeth and 16 posterior teeth, from 31 children aged 1 to 11 years. The control group consisted of 33 homologous teeth to those treated endodontically and their permanent successors. The patients were treated by two previously calibrated experienced professionals. Endodontic access cavities were made and the chemomechanical preparation was performed under copious irrigation with 1% sodium hypochlorite. When a two-appointment root canal therapy was necessary (teeth with necrotic pulps associated with periapical and/or interadicular lesion), a calcium hydroxide and saline paste was used as an intracanal dressing for 30 days. After this period, the root canals were filled with L&C® calcium hydroxide-based cement. Posttreatment periodic controls were carried out during a follow up period of 72 months until the exfoliation of the primary teeth and eruption of the permanent successor. Results: Adequate outcomes were obtained in 32 out of the 33 teeth evaluated in the test group, i.e., 97% of the treated teeth did not present clinical or radiographic evidence of periapical or interadicular radiolucencies. Comparison between the test and control groups revealed similar results with respect to the stage and pattern of physiological root resorption of the primary teeth, as well as the development and eruption of the permanent successors in both groups. These results indicate endodontic success and demonstrate the efficacy of the employed treatment protocol. Conclusion: Calcium hydroxide is effective in the endodontic treatment of primary teeth, requiring no combination with other antimicrobial agents.

[Endodontic treatment or dental implant treatment?]. / Leczenie endodontyczne czy implantologiczne?

INTRODUCTION: The main purpose of today's dental treatment is the longest possible retention of teeth with all its functional and esthetic aspects. Thanks to modern endodontic techniques and microsurgical procedures, it is possible today to treat and keep teeth that would have had to be extracted before. On the other hand, the latest development of forms and surfaces of dental implants, improved operation techniques and precision in preparing superstructures have determined a significant increase of percentage of successful implantations and survival rate of the implants, widening the range of possibilities of prosthetic reconstructions. The aim of this study is to present current, often ambiguous view on the problem of long-term effects of endodontic treatment and its impact on teeth retention compared with effects of dental implant treatment and to try to answer the question: extirpation or implantation? MATERIALS AND METHODS: The comparative research was based on studies published within two databases: PubMed and Medline. RESULTS: Studies from a 10 years' period show similar percentage of surviving teeth after endodontic treatment and surviving implants: between 86 and 94 per cent with slight advantage of the implants. Esthetic problems, the time needed for implantation procedures and high costs of implant treatment make implantation less attractive and accessible. However, anatomical limitations ofmultirooted teeth, extensive periapical granulomatic lesions or considerable crown and root destruction are all indications for implant treatment. The lack of clear-cut evaluation criteria regarding both endodontic and implant treatment success makes statistic analysis impossible.

Avaliação clínica do desempenho do sistema rotatório RaCe® / Clinical assessment of the performance of the RaCe® rotary sytem

O objetivo do tratamento endodôntico é possibilitar sua limpeza, modelagem e desinfecção do sistema de canais radiculares para seu posterior selamento. Sistemas rotatórios de níquel-titânio têm sido empregados, principalmente devido a sua grande flexibilidade e baixo módulo de elasticidade. Vários estudos buscam equacionar a rapidez e facilidade da instrumentação rotatória com sua eficiência e segurança. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi divulgar a técnica e avaliar o desempenho clínico da instrumentação rotatória com o sistema RaCe. Estes instrumentos foram introduzidos recentemente no mercado pela FKG apresentando um desenho inovador de suas lâminas cortantes. Cinco molares foram tratados no curso de Especialização em Endodontia da Universidade do Sagrado Coração, por um mesmo operador. Os tratamentos foram analisados radiograficamente, fatores como dilatação dos canais, manutenção da trajetória, desvio apical e manutenção do comprimento de trabalho, além de fraturas ou deformação de instrumentos. O novo sistema mostrou bons resultados em relação a todos os quesitos. Concluiu-se que todos os canais biomecanizados com o sistema RaCe resultaram num tratamento endodôntico adequado tanto clínica quanto radiograficamente, obtendo-se eficiência e facilidade no preparo.

Validity of a three-dimensional public-domain system for contemporary endodontic research.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the limits and benefits of a visualization system based on public-domain software for contemporary three-dimensional (3-D) endodontic research purposes. Three-dimensional bio-models of six human teeth and of one bone-implant specimen were generated using cross-sectional imaging. To evaluate the overall performance in processing large data sets and in reproducing accurate 3-D morphology, slices with a thickness varying from 100 microm to 10 microm were cut. Auto-outlining and segmenting techniques were tested. The 3-D bio-models represented in accurate detail the different morphological aspects of the specimen. Voxel volumes of 0.116 x 10(-5) mm3 could be realized and were only restricted by the computer hardware limitations. The system is not limited to dental hard tissues. Hypomineralized material and soft tissues as well as bone- and allogeneic-implant material could be visualized. The method presented is valid and meets current requirements applying to endodontic research. The broad-based use of high-quality, public-domain software and the resulting exchange of experience help to manage resources and may contribute to enhancing the in-process quality of research.