RESUMO
Dentine erosion is an increasingly recognised problem, especially in aging population, and various methods have been utilised for its assessment. This narrative review was planned to summarise the methods for the assessment of the early stages of dentine erosion. Relevant original articles published in the English language from 2013 to 2017 were reviewed. Laboratory techniques and methods with in vivo potential were separately studied. It is evident that the assessment of early dentine erosion is complex and requires a combination of methods. For clinical evaluation, chemical analysis and optical methods show great potential but are in need of more validation.
Assuntos
Dentina/diagnóstico por imagem , Erosão Dentária/diagnóstico , Cálcio/análise , Dentina/química , Dentina/patologia , Testes de Dureza , Humanos , Microrradiografia , Microscopia de Força Atômica , Fosfatos/análise , Fluorescência Quantitativa Induzida por Luz , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Erosão Dentária/diagnóstico por imagem , Erosão Dentária/patologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess Scanning Electron Microscopy in Back-Scattered Emission mode (BSE-SEM) for measurement of lesion mineral content as a function of depth. Direct comparison is made with Transverse Micro-Radiography (TMR) and Surface Micro-Hardness (SMH) on carious and erosive lesions. DESIGN: Caries lesions prepared from sound bovine enamel at 37⯰C and pH 4.6 in unsaturated (7d) or part-saturated (8d, 4.1â¯mM Ca2+, 8â¯mM Pi) lactic acid /methyl cellulose gel system, followed by TMR analysis. Erosive lesions prepared from sound bovine enamel (1% citric acid, pH3.8, room temperature) for 5, 10, 15 or 20â¯min at nâ¯=â¯10 per treatment group. SMH readings (Vickers diamond, 1.9â¯N, 20â¯s) were taken from acid-treated and reference areas of each sample. BSE-SEM performed on polished cross-sections of lesioned samples (Jeol JSM6490LV SEM; high vacuum, 10â¯keV beam voltage, magnification x500 with constant working distance of 10â¯mm). Under identical SEM conditions, polished standards i.e. MgF2, alumina, Mg, Al and Si provided a calibration plot of BSE-SEM signal vs. atomic number (z¯). Mineral content vs. depth plots were derived from the cross-sectional BSE-SEM data. RESULTS: Cross-sectional BSE-SEM images clearly differentiate between caries and erosive lesions. Comparison of caries lesion mineral loss from BSE-SEM with TMR data showed good correlation (R2â¯=â¯0.98). Similarly, comparison of BSE-SEM data from erosive lesions showed good correlation (R2â¯=â¯0.99) with hardness loss data from SMH. CONCLUSION: BSE-SEM provides a relatively rapid and cost-effective method for the assessment of mineral content in demineralised tooth enamel and is applicable to both caries and erosive lesions.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária/diagnóstico por imagem , Cárie Dentária/patologia , Esmalte Dentário/química , Esmalte Dentário/ultraestrutura , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura/métodos , Minerais/análise , Animais , Bovinos , Análise Custo-Benefício , Esmalte Dentário/efeitos dos fármacos , Dureza , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Incisivo/diagnóstico por imagem , Incisivo/patologia , Ácido Láctico/efeitos adversos , Radiografia Dentária/métodos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Propriedades de Superfície , Desmineralização do Dente/patologia , Erosão Dentária/diagnóstico por imagem , Erosão Dentária/patologia , Remineralização Dentária/métodosRESUMO
Tooth wear is a multifactorial condition, leading to the loss of dental hard tissues. Many grading scales are available to assess the amount of tooth wear, one of which is the tooth wear evaluation system (TWES). A grading scale can be used chairside, on casts and on photographs. The aim was to test whether the grading scales of the TWES, used on casts and on photographs, resulted in comparable scores. In addition, it was tested whether these scales can be used to assess tooth wear reliably on photographs. Of 75 tooth wear patients, sets of casts and series of photographs were obtained and graded. Comparison of the grading on casts and on photographs revealed equal median values and percentiles for both occlusal/incisal grading and non-occlusal/non-incisal grading. The grading on casts and on photographs showed a high correlation for the occlusal/incisal grading and a low correlation for the non-occlusal/non-incisal grading (Spearman's rho = 0·74 and rho = 0·47; P < 0·001). Concerning the grading on photographs, the interexaminer reliability was fair-to-good (ICC = 0·41 to ICC = 0·55) while the intra-examiner reliability was fair-to-good to excellent (ICC = 0·68 to ICC = 0·86) for the occlusal/incisal grading. For the non-occlusal/non-incisal grading, the interexaminer reliability was poor to fair-to-good (ICC = 0·22 to ICC = 0·59), while the intra-examiner reliability was fair-to-good to excellent (ICC = 0·64 to ICC = 0·82). It was concluded that the scores obtained with the grading scales of the TWES on casts and on photographs are comparable. The grading scales can be used in a reliable way on photographs, which is especially the case for occlusal/incisal grading.
Assuntos
Fotografia Dentária , Abrasão Dentária/patologia , Atrito Dentário/patologia , Erosão Dentária/patologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos Dentários , Países Baixos/epidemiologia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: A priority research area in minimal intervention dentistry is the characterization of the early stages of dental erosion. The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the effect of short, repetitive erosive challenges to human enamel over 2 min at pH 1.5 and 3.0 under conditions simulating gastric regurgitation. METHODS: Enamel surfaces were subjected to erosive challenges at pH 1.5 (Group 1, n=10) and pH 3.0 (Group 2, n=9) for periods of 30s (stage 1), 60s (stage 2) and 120 s (stage 3). Quantitative changes were assessed longitudinally by measuring the 3D average surface roughness (Sa) values using 3D confocal microscopy. Qualitative micrographic assessment of surface changes was also conducted by using environmental scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: Linear mixed model analysis showed significant effects of the pH values (p<0.001) and the stages (p<0.001) on the observed Sa values. Post hoc tests showed significant increases in the Sa values between baseline and other stages in both groups (p<0.01). The mean Sa values also increased significantly from stage 1 to stage 2 in Group 1 (p<0.05). Micrographic analysis displayed severely etched enamel rods in Group 1, but only subtle changes in Group 2. CONCLUSIONS: The complexity of the enamel surface is influenced by both acid concentration (pH value) and duration of acid exposure during early stages of erosion. Erosion occurring under conditions simulating GORD can be detected in its initial stages, opening up the possibilities of early diagnosis and management of this condition. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Erosive tooth wear occurs progressively and insidiously, often creating complex treatment challenges. This emphasizes the need for early diagnosis and management in accordance with minimal intervention philosophy. Our findings provide a foundation for further research that could lead to the development of highly-sensitive clinical diagnostic tools and preventive strategies.
Assuntos
Esmalte Dentário/patologia , Imageamento Tridimensional/métodos , Refluxo Laringofaríngeo/complicações , Erosão Dentária/patologia , Esmalte Dentário/ultraestrutura , Humanos , Ácido Clorídrico/efeitos adversos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Técnicas In Vitro , Microscopia Confocal/métodos , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura/métodos , Distribuição Aleatória , Fatores de Tempo , Erosão Dentária/etiologiaRESUMO
Various assessment techniques have been applied to evaluate the loss of dental hard tissue and the surface-softened zone in enamel induced by erosive challenges. In this chapter, the most frequently adopted techniques for analyzing the erosively altered dental hard tissues are reviewed, such as profilometry, measuring microscope techniques, microradiography, scanning electron microscopy, atom force microscopy, nano- and microhardness tests and iodide permeability test. Moreover, methods for chemical analysis of minerals dissolved from dental hard tissue are discussed. It becomes evident that the complex nature of erosive mineral loss and dissolution might not be comprehended by a single technique, but needs application of different approaches for full understanding.
Assuntos
Erosão Dentária/diagnóstico , Testes de Dureza , Humanos , Iodetos , Microrradiografia , Microscopia , Microscopia de Força Atômica , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Minerais/análise , Imagem Óptica , Espectrometria por Raios X , Erosão Dentária/patologia , Permeabilidade Dentária/fisiologiaRESUMO
Erosion of dentine causes mineral dissolution, while the organic compounds remain at the surface. Therefore, a determination of tissue loss is complicated. Established quantitative methods for the evaluation of enamel have also been used for dentine, but the suitability of these techniques in this field has not been systematically determined. Therefore, this study aimed to compare longitudinal microradiography (LMR), contacting (cPM) and non-contacting profilometry (ncPM), and analysis of dissolved calcium (Ca analysis) in the erosion solution. Results are discussed in the light of the histology of dentine erosion. Erosion was performed with 0.05 M citric acid (pH 2.5) for 30, 60, 90 or 120 min, and erosive loss was determined by each method. LMR, cPM and ncPM were performed before and after collagenase digestion of the demineralised organic surface layer, with an emphasis on moisture control. Scanning electron microscopy was performed on randomly selected specimens. All measurements were converted into micrometres. Profilometry was not suitable to adequately quantify mineral loss prior to collagenase digestion. After 120 min of erosion, values of 5.4 +/- 1.9 microm (ncPM) and 27.8 +/- 4.6 microm (cPM) were determined. Ca analysis revealed a mineral loss of 55.4 +/- 11.5 microm. The values for profilometry after matrix digestion were 43.0 +/- 5.5 microm (ncPM) and 46.9 +/- 6.2 (cPM). Relative and proportional biases were detected for all method comparisons. The mineral loss values were below the detection limit for LMR. The study revealed gross differences between methods, particularly when demineralised organic surface tissue was present. These results indicate that the choice of method is critical and depends on the parameter under study.
Assuntos
Cálcio/análise , Dentina/ultraestrutura , Microrradiografia , Erosão Dentária/patologia , Ácido Cítrico/efeitos adversos , Colagenases/farmacologia , Dentina/química , Durapatita/análise , Humanos , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Fatores de Tempo , Desmineralização do Dente/metabolismo , Desmineralização do Dente/patologia , Erosão Dentária/metabolismo , ÁguaRESUMO
This study compared green and black tea to soda and orange juice in terms of their erosive effect on the human dentition. Vinegar and water were used as active and passive control fluids. An accelerated in vitro test was used to monitor how short- and long-term exposure to these fluids affected the topography and morphology of the coronal segments of the human dentition. This 20-week test was conducted under controlled conditions, independent of the influencing factors of the oral environment. The erosive effects of these fluids were categorized generally into three groups: highly erosive (vinegar), moderately erosive (soda and orange juice), and minimally erosive (black and green tea). The erosive effect of tea was similar to that of water, which has no erosion potential. Given the systemic and dental benefits of tea and the low potential for erosion, green and black tea should be highly encouraged for daily beverage consumption.
Assuntos
Chá/efeitos adversos , Erosão Dentária/etiologia , Bebidas Gaseificadas/efeitos adversos , Citrus/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Radiografia , Erosão Dentária/diagnóstico por imagem , Erosão Dentária/patologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Previous in vitro studies have described the wear characteristics of specimens in which enamel has been opposed to enamel and dentine opposed to dentine. The aim of this study was to assess the characteristics of wear between specimens in which enamel was opposed to dentine at loads simulating attrition and at pH values simulating different erosive environments. It was hypothesized that enamel would wear more slowly than dentine under all conditions. DESIGN: Opposing enamel and dentine specimens from 57 human third molar teeth were worn in electromechanical machines with various loads (32, 62 and 100 N) and lubricants (pH 1.2, 3.0 and 6.1). Tooth wear was quantified by measuring reduction in dentine volume over time using a 3D profilometer. Qualitative assessment was also carried out using scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: Dentine wear increased with increasing load, and dentine wear was faster at pH 1.2 than at pH 3.0 or 6.1 for all loads tested. Interestingly, enamel wore more rapidly than dentine at pH 1.2 under all loads. At pH values of 3.0 and 6.1, enamel wear rates were not measurably different from zero and they were less than wear rates for opposing dentine specimens at all loads. Micrographic assessment showed extensive surface destruction of dentine wear facets due to erosion at pH 1.2. Dentine wear facets were smoother at pH 3.0 that at pH 6.1. CONCLUSIONS: When enamel wears against dentine in an acidic environment enamel will wear more rapidly at very low pH, while under less acid conditions dentine will wear faster than enamel.
Assuntos
Esmalte Dentário/patologia , Dentina/patologia , Atrito Dentário/patologia , Erosão Dentária/patologia , Esmalte Dentário/fisiopatologia , Dentina/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Técnicas In Vitro , Lubrificação , Dente Serotino/patologia , Dente Serotino/fisiopatologia , Estresse Mecânico , Propriedades de Superfície , Atrito Dentário/fisiopatologia , Erosão Dentária/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
This study sought to monitor changes in the topography, morphology, and radiographic profiles of human permanent teeth that had been exposed to citrus fruit juices. The effect of long-term exposure was monitored for a prolonged duration of 20 weeks according to set criteria. Topographic and morphologic changes were observed at weekly intervals following challenge by test fluids (orange, lemon, and grapefruit juices) and compared with control fluids (acetic acid and water). The qualitative changes in the specimens' topography and the morphology of citrus fruit juices and control fluids are described as a function of time, in specific details. The digitized radiographic images obtained at four-week intervals were analyzed and the changes were assessed. The results indicated that orange juice specimens demonstrated the mildest changes, while lemon juice specimens displayed the most severe damage to the coronal segments of the teeth. This damage manifested as loss of cusp height, cervical enamel, and coronal radius, as well as reduction of enamel cap height. Of the tested and control fluids, lemon juice displayed the most eros ion, followed by acetic acid, grapefruit juice, orange juice, and water, which had no effect. Continued immersion in the four acidic fluids led to varying degrees of enamel loss progression.
Assuntos
Ácidos/efeitos adversos , Bebidas/efeitos adversos , Citrus , Esmalte Dentário/patologia , Erosão Dentária/induzido quimicamente , Ácido Cítrico/efeitos adversos , Esmalte Dentário/diagnóstico por imagem , Esmalte Dentário/efeitos dos fármacos , Dentina/diagnóstico por imagem , Dentina/efeitos dos fármacos , Dentina/patologia , Dentição Permanente , Frutas , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Técnicas In Vitro , Maleatos/efeitos adversos , Odontometria , Radiografia , Ácido Succínico/efeitos adversos , Propriedades de Superfície , Coroa do Dente/diagnóstico por imagem , Coroa do Dente/efeitos dos fármacos , Coroa do Dente/patologia , Erosão Dentária/diagnóstico por imagem , Erosão Dentária/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The recommendation that Tooth Mousse (TM), an anticariogenic remineralizing agent, is effective for controlling dental erosion in professional wine tasters is not evidence-based. The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the effectiveness of TM in reducing erosion of coronal enamel and radicular dentine/cementum simulating a typical wine judging session. METHODS: Enamel and dentine/cementum from buccal halves (experimental sample) and palatal halves (control sample) of human maxillary premolar teeth were subjected to 1500 one-minute exposures (cycles) to white wine (pH = 3.5). TM was applied every 20 cycles to the experimental sample, but not to the control sample. Paired t-tests were used to determine whether there were significant differences in erosion depths between the experimental and control samples. RESULTS: Mean erosion depths were significantly shallower in the experimental sample than the control sample for both enamel (34.4 microm versus 49.2 microm, respectively) (p < 0.05) and dentine/cementum (143.2 microm versus 203.7 microm, respectively) (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: TM may have significant role in the management of wine erosion, which is under-recognized as an occupational hazard by the Australian wine industry. Future studies are needed to compare the relative benefits of TM and other remineralizing agents, when used individually or in combination, in preventing dental erosion.
Assuntos
Cariostáticos/uso terapêutico , Caseínas/uso terapêutico , Erosão Dentária/prevenção & controle , Remineralização Dentária/métodos , Vinho/efeitos adversos , Cemento Dentário/efeitos dos fármacos , Cemento Dentário/patologia , Esmalte Dentário/efeitos dos fármacos , Esmalte Dentário/patologia , Dentina/efeitos dos fármacos , Dentina/patologia , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Teste de Materiais , Saliva Artificial/química , Erosão Dentária/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Opinions vary about the causes of non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs). They have been attributed to toothbrush abrasion, acid corrosion (commonly termed dental erosion), and abfraction. The purpose of this study was to examine the microwear details of NCCLs in a collection of extracted human teeth using scanning election microscopy (SEM). METHODS: Negative replicas of large NCCLs in 24 extracted human teeth were obtained in polyvinylsiloxane impression material (Light Body Imprint II, 3M ESPE) and viewed under SEM. RESULTS: All NCCLs extended from the cemento-enamel junction to the root surface and they displayed a variety of wedge-shaped appearances. There was evidence of both abrasion and corrosion in 18 of the 24 teeth (75.0 per cent), abrasion only in one tooth (4.2 per cent) and corrosion only in five teeth (20.8 per cent). Horizontal furrows with smooth edges and minor scratch marks, characteristic of abrasion and corrosion, were noted in 13 teeth (54.2 per cent). CONCLUSIONS: Based on microscopic assessment of a sample of extracted teeth, it appears that abrasion and corrosion are common associated aetiological factors in the formation of NCCLs.
Assuntos
Abrasão Dentária/patologia , Colo do Dente/patologia , Erosão Dentária/patologia , Materiais para Moldagem Odontológica , Dentina/patologia , Humanos , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Polivinil , Técnicas de Réplica , Siloxanas , Colo do Dente/ultraestrutura , Extração Dentária , Raiz Dentária/patologiaRESUMO
Evidence-based case reports and epidemiologic surveys have indicated an association between dental erosion and high consumption of acidulated carbonated beverages (ACBs). This study sought to monitor the effect of exposure to ACBs on the topography and geometrical profile of disassociated human dentition. Two representatives of ACBs, caramelized (ACCB) and non-caramelized (AN-CCB), were evaluated along with control liquids. Following exposure to the fluids, qualitative assessment of topographic changes and quantitative analysis of digitized serial radiographic tracings were performed at four-week intervals for 20 weeks. Within the controlled perimeters of this in vitro test, the erosive effects of ACBs were closely similar but were lower than those caused by acetic acid (control fluid). These effects were indicated by changes in enamel topography (such as color, translucency, texture, and integrity) as well as reduction in specimen profile parameters. This amounted to an average weekly reduction in cusp tip height, a loss of cervical enamel, a reduction of enamel cap height, and reduction of crown radius for the ACBs and acetic acid.
Assuntos
Bebidas Gaseificadas/efeitos adversos , Erosão Dentária/etiologia , Erosão Dentária/patologia , Ácido Acético/efeitos adversos , Ácido Cítrico/efeitos adversos , Esmalte Dentário/efeitos dos fármacos , Dentina/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Radiografia , Erosão Dentária/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Various assessment techniques have been applied to evaluate the loss of dental hard tissue and the surface-softened zone in enamel induced by erosive challenges. In this chapter, the most frequently adopted techniques for analyzing the erosively altered dental hard tissues are reviewed, such as profilometry, microradiography, scanning electron microscopy, atom force microscopy, nano- and microhardness tests and iodide permeability test. Moreover, methods for chemical analysis of minerals dissolved from dental hard tissue are discussed. It becomes evident that the complex nature of erosive mineral loss and dissolution might not be comprehended by a single technique, but needs application of different approaches for full understanding.
Assuntos
Erosão Dentária/diagnóstico , Fluorescência , Dureza , Humanos , Iodetos , Microrradiografia , Microscopia de Força Atômica , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Minerais/análise , Nanotecnologia , Permeabilidade , Propriedades de Superfície , Dente/química , Erosão Dentária/patologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To review the various methods and techniques available to assess enamel erosion in vitro. DATA: Peer reviewed scientific articles. SOURCES: Medline and Web of Science searches and manual searching. STUDY SELECTION: Laboratory based assessments only included. CONCLUSIONS: A number of macroscopic and microscopic techniques have been used to assess enamel erosion in vitro and in situ. This review examines techniques which are either well established or comparatively novel techniques that are being explored for their potential.
Assuntos
Esmalte Dentário/patologia , Pesquisa em Odontologia/métodos , Abrasão Dentária/patologia , Erosão Dentária/patologia , Esmalte Dentário/química , Esmalte Dentário/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Microscopia de Força Atômica , Radiografia , Espectrometria de Massa de Íon Secundário , Propriedades de Superfície , Abrasão Dentária/diagnóstico por imagem , Erosão Dentária/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
PURPOSE: To assess dental erosion caused by 0.1% and 1.0% citric acid in vitro and to estimate the protective influence of experimentally formed salivary pellicle. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bovine enamel slabs (n = 80) were polished and embedded in epoxy resin. For the formation of pellicle layer 40 specimens were immersed for 24 h in pooled human saliva. Erosion was caused by immersion in citric acid solution for 1, 5, 10 and 30 min. Erosive alterations on the pellicle-covered and non-covered enamel specimens were scored as a change (delta) of surface roughness parameters Ra, Rt and RzDIN using contact profilometer and observed in scanning electron microscope. RESULTS: Profilometric analysis of eroded enamel specimens emphasized the aggressiveness of even low concentrated citric acid with a short period of challenge. The change of roughness parameters after 1-min immersion in 0.1% citric acid were 16.4, 182.6 and 132.2 nm for deltaRa, deltaRt and deltaRzDIN, respectively, and 54.8, 516.6 and 258.2 nm after 1-min immersion in 1.0% citric acid. Changes of the surface roughness were dependent on the exposure time and concentration of acidic solution. Pellicle layer significantly reduced the extent of erosive destruction, which was additionally documented on SEM-micrographs. Residual pellicle-like structures were detected after 5 min of immersion in 0.1% citric acid. However, there were no significant differences in pellicle-covered and non-covered enamel slabs measured profilometrically for 1.0% citric acid with 10 min and 30 min exposure time. CONCLUSION: The findings confirm the property of pellicle layer to resist against erosive influence of organic acids, which is, however, limited by duration of acidic treatment and concentration of erosive agent.
Assuntos
Depósitos Dentários/ultraestrutura , Esmalte Dentário/ultraestrutura , Película Dentária/ultraestrutura , Saliva/fisiologia , Erosão Dentária/patologia , Animais , Bovinos , Ácido Cítrico , Depósitos Dentários/fisiopatologia , Esmalte Dentário/fisiologia , Solubilidade do Esmalte Dentário/fisiologia , Película Dentária/fisiologia , Dureza , Humanos , Distribuição Aleatória , Propriedades de Superfície , Desmineralização do Dente/induzido quimicamente , Erosão Dentária/induzido quimicamente , Erosão Dentária/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to assess the erosive potential of a number of white wines from different wine growing regions of the world. This was achieved by assessing the initial pH, the 'titratable acidity' content and the in vitro enamel loss after four hours using profilometry. Most of the white wines tested were at least as erosive as orange juice, while some wines, notably the cava, were significantly more erosive than orange juice.
Assuntos
Erosão Dentária/etiologia , Vinho/efeitos adversos , Ácidos/química , Análise de Variância , Bebidas/efeitos adversos , Citrus/efeitos adversos , Esmalte Dentário/patologia , Solubilidade do Esmalte Dentário , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Estatística como Assunto , Titulometria , Erosão Dentária/patologia , Vitis/classificação , Vinho/classificaçãoRESUMO
The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the erosive potential of a range of traditional and white ciders using standard laboratory tests. It measured the pH, 'neutralisable acidity' and the amount of surface enamel lost following immersion over a period of 4 hours. The pH was measured with a digital pH meter and the 'neutralisable acidity' was measured as the volume of 0.1 M sodium hydroxide required to increase the pH to neutrality. Surface enamel loss was measured at 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours using profilometry. The pH on opening ranged from 2.96 to 4.04 and the 'neutralisable acidity' ranged from 14.54 to 21.47 mls. The amount of surface enamel lost following four hours immersion ranged from 8.60-23.95 microns, compared to 12.85 microns for an orange juice control. All the ciders tested were acidic and had considerable erosive potential in vitro which was broadly similar to that of orange juice. A wide variation was found between different commercial brands and this information should be useful when counselling patients with tooth surface loss.
Assuntos
Bebidas Alcoólicas/efeitos adversos , Erosão Dentária/etiologia , Ácidos/química , Bebidas/efeitos adversos , Soluções Tampão , Citrus sinensis/efeitos adversos , Esmalte Dentário/patologia , Frutas/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Imersão , Hidróxido de Sódio/química , Fatores de Tempo , Erosão Dentária/patologiaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to establish the amount of surface enamel lost following immersion in a number of designer drinks using surface profilometry. Orange juice was used as a positive control. Twenty four designer drinks were tested and it was found that 18 out of 24 of these drinks produced surface enamel loss that was significantly greater by between two and six times than the orange juice control. It was concluded that many of the commercially available designer drinks had considerable erosive potential.
Assuntos
Bebidas/efeitos adversos , Esmalte Dentário/ultraestrutura , Erosão Dentária/induzido quimicamente , Bebidas Alcoólicas/efeitos adversos , Bebidas Alcoólicas/análise , Bebidas Alcoólicas/classificação , Bebidas/análise , Bebidas/classificação , Bebidas Gaseificadas/efeitos adversos , Bebidas Gaseificadas/análise , Bebidas Gaseificadas/classificação , Citrus/efeitos adversos , Citrus/química , Frutas/efeitos adversos , Frutas/química , Humanos , Imersão , Estatística como Assunto , Erosão Dentária/patologiaRESUMO
A random sample of 2222 adults aged 45 years and over was taken from the age/sex registers of two general medical practices in Newcastle upon Tyne, and asked to take part in a dental health survey. A total of 1002 individuals agreed to take part and were visited in their homes. Five hundred and eighty-six subjects were dentate and able to undergo an assessment of tooth wear using the Tooth Wear Index (TWI). Increasing wear with increasing age was observed for all cervical and occlusal/incisal tooth surfaces. Occlusal/incisal surfaces displayed some of the highest mean wear scores, especially in the older age cohorts. With the exception of lingual surfaces of maxillary anterior teeth, no significant variation in tooth wear with age was noted for buccal or lingual surfaces. Greater mean wear scores were observed among males than females, but there was little variation between subjects of different social class backgrounds. The threshold levels of wear suggested for use with the TWI may require modification for use among elderly populations.