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1.
Rev. Nutr. (Online) ; 36: e220014, 2023. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1441033

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Objective To identify the association between dietary patterns and nutritional status in adolescent freshmen at a public university in Northeastern Brazil. Methods In this cross-sectional study anthropometric variables, body composition and food intake were collected and assessed using the food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were evaluated through factor analysis using the principal component extraction method. Results Two dietary patterns were identified: "Western" pattern, consisting of foods with high energy density and low nutritional value, and the "traditional Brazilian" pattern, with foods from Brazilian cuisine such as rice, beans, corn, roots and tubers, fruits, greens and vegetables. The multiple regression analysis revealed a negative association between the "traditional Brazilian" pattern and both excess weight and body fat in females. Conclusion A healthy dietary pattern with typical local cuisine foods can offer protection to health and should be encouraged.


RESUMO Objetivo Identificar a associação entre padrões alimentares e estado nutricional em adolescentes recém-ingressos em uma universidade pública do Nordeste brasileiro. Métodos Neste estudo transversal foram coletados dados antropométricos, composição corporal e consumo alimentar, verificado pelo questionário de frequência alimentar. Os padrões alimentares foram derivados através da análise fatorial pelo método de extração de componentes principais. Resultados Dois padrões alimentares foram identificados: o padrão "Ocidental", composto por alimentos de elevada densidade energética e de baixo valor nutricional, e o padrão "tradicional brasileiro", contendo alimentos da culinária brasileira como arroz, feijão, milho, raízes e tubérculos, frutas, verduras e legumes. A análise de regressão múltipla mostrou associação negativa entre o excesso de peso e de gordura corporal e o padrão alimentar "tradicional brasileiro" no sexo feminino. Conclusão Um padrão alimentar saudável e com alimentos típicos da culinária local pode conferir proteção à saúde, devendo ser incentivado.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Estado Nutricional/etnologia , Comportamento Alimentar/etnologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Universidades , Composição Corporal , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Análise Fatorial , Adolescente
2.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2022. 129 p. tab, graf.
Tese em Português | LILACS | ID: biblio-1380158

RESUMO

A falta de segurança alimentar e nutricional (SAN) consiste em um fenômeno multifatorial, que pode afetar o estado nutricional do indivíduo por ela acometido de diversas maneiras e em qualquer faixa etária. A falta de SAN pode desencadear tanto desnutrição, como obesidade e assim favorecer o aumento da prevalência de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, o que diminui a qualidade de vida e se constitui um importante problema de saúde pública. Objetivo: Analisar e comparar a força da associação dos fatores socioeconômicos e demográficos à segurança alimentar e nutricional (SAN) no Brasil e áreas geográficas selecionadas. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, transversal e analítico, que utilizou como base os microdados da Pesquisa de Orçamento Familiar (POF/IBGE), realizada nos anos de 2017-2018, envolvendo 757 famílias residentes no município de São Paulo (MSP), 3.406 famílias do estado de São Paulo (ESP) e 49.365 famílias do Brasil. Utilizou-se a técnica de regressão logística multinomial, do tipo ordinal, para o processamento do modelo de associação entre o nível de SAN (nSAN) e as variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas e clínicas, utilizando o módulo survey do Stata versão 14. Adotouse o nível de significância estatística de 5% e o odds ratio proporcional para descrever as associações. Resultados: A grande maioria dos indivíduos de referência dos domicílios componentes da amostra é do sexo masculino, adulta, com obesidade, sem seguro saúde e que não fazem nenhum tipo de dieta, variando as características de raça/cor e escolaridade entre as três localidades analisadas. Para as três localidades estudadas, encontrou-se proporções elevadas da população com segurança alimentar e nutricional garantida (acima de 59%). As associações encontradas demonstraram que as famílias com pessoas de referência do sexo feminino apresentam maior chance de piora do nSAN, bem como aquelas com menores níveis de saneamento básico e estratos de renda mais pobres, para os quais a chance de piora do nSAN em relação aos estratos de renda mais ricos se eleva em até 12 vezes. Ser de raça branca foi fator protetor à IAN, bem como ter idade mais avançada e mais anos de escolaridade. Conclusão: As características sociodemográficas sexo, raçacor, idade e escolaridade, e socioeconômicas, renda e presença de saneamento básico, apresentam importante associação ao nível de SAN das famílias, quando este é analisado por meio da Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar (EBIA). Entretanto, faz-se necessária a construção de um instrumento que avalie todas as dimensões da SAN


Lack of food and nutrition security (FNS) is a multifactorial phenomenon, which can impact the nutritional status of individual affected by it in different ways and in any age group. The lack of FNS can trigger both malnutrition and obesity and thus favor the prevalence increase of chronic non-communicable diseases, which reduces lifes quality and constitutes an important public health problem. Objective: To analyze and compare the strength of association of socioeconomic and demographic factors with FNS in Brazil and selected geographical areas. Methodology: Ecological, crosssectional, and analytical study, which used the microdata of the Research as a basis Family Budget (POF / IBGE), carried out in 2017-2018, involving 757 families residing in São Paulo city (SPC), 3,406 families from São Paulo state (SPS) and 49,365 families from Brazil. Multinomial logistic regression technique, of the ordinal type, was used to process the association model between the FNS level (FNSl) and the demographic, socioeconomic and clinical variables, using the survey module of Stata version 14. It was adopted statistical significance of 5% and proportional odds ratio to describe the associations. Results: Most reference individuals in the sample's households are male, adult, obese, without health insurance and who do not follow any type of diet, varying the characteristics of race / color and education between the three locations analyzed. For the three locations studied, high proportions of the population were found with guaranteed FNS (above 59%). Associations found showed that families headed by female individuals are more likely to worsen FNSl, as well as those with lower levels of basic sanitation and poorer income strata, for which the chance of worsening FNSl in relation to strata wealthier income rises to 12 times. Being white was a protective factor for food insecurity, as well as being older and with more years of schooling. Conclusion: Sociodemographic characteristics of sex, race-color, age and education, and socioeconomic, income and presence of basic sanitation, present important association at the FNSl of families, when this is analyzed through the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA). However, it is necessary to build an instrument that assesses all dimensions of the FNS


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Brasil , Alimentos/efeitos adversos , Abastecimento de Alimentos/classificação , Insegurança Alimentar , População/genética , Associação , Organização Mundial da Saúde , Família/etnologia , Estado Nutricional/etnologia , Gestão da Qualidade Total/métodos , Saneamento Básico , Desnutrição/prevenção & controle , Renda/classificação
3.
Biodemography Soc Biol ; 65(2): 97-118, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32432935

RESUMO

When traditional measures for material and economic welfare are scarce or unreliable, height and the body mass index (BMI) are now widely accepted measures that represent cumulative and current net nutrition in development studies. However, as the ratio of weight to height, BMI does not fully isolate the effects of current net nutrition. After controlling for height as a measure for current net nutrition, this study uses the weight of a sample of international men in US prisons. Throughout the late 19th- and early-20th centuries, individuals with darker complexions had greater weights than individuals with fairer complexions. Mexican and Asian populations in the US had lower weights and reached shorter statures. Black and white weights stagnated throughout the late 19th- and early-20th centuries. Agricultural workers' had greater weights than workers in other occupations.


Assuntos
Peso Corporal/fisiologia , Estado Nutricional/fisiologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estatura/etnologia , Estatura/fisiologia , Peso Corporal/etnologia , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Humanos , Estado Nutricional/etnologia , Prisioneiros/estatística & dados numéricos , Grupos Raciais/etnologia , Grupos Raciais/estatística & dados numéricos , Estados Unidos/etnologia
4.
Am J Phys Anthropol ; 172(2): 214-226, 2020 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32243588

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: We compared δ15 N and δ13 C values from bone and dentine collagen profiles of individuals interred in famine-related and attritional burials to evaluate whether individuals in medieval London who experienced nutritional stress exhibit enriched nitrogen in bone and tooth tissue. Dentine profiles were evaluated to identify patterns that may be indicative of famine during childhood and were compared with the age of enamel hypoplasia (EH) formation to assess whether isotopic patterns of undernutrition coincide with the timing of physiological stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS: δ15 N and δ13 C isotope ratios of bone collagen were obtained from individuals (n = 128) interred in attritional and famine burials from a medieval London cemetery (c. 1120-1539). Temporal sequences of δ15 N and δ13 C isotope profiles for incrementally forming dentine collagen were obtained from a subset of these individuals (n = 21). RESULTS: Results indicate that individuals from attritional graves exhibit significantly higher δ15 N values but no significant differences were found between burial types for the sexes. Analyses of dentine profiles reveal that a lower proportion of famine burials exhibit stable dentine profiles and that several exhibit a pattern of opposing covariance between δ15 N and δ13 C. EH were also observed to have formed during or after the opposing covariance pattern for some individuals. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study may reflect differences in diet between burial types rather than nutritional stress. Though nutritional stress could not be definitively identified using bone and dentine collagen, the results from dentine analysis support previous observations of biochemical patterns associated with nutritional stress during childhood.


Assuntos
Dieta/etnologia , Fome Epidêmica/etnologia , Estresse Fisiológico/fisiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Antropologia Física , Osso e Ossos/química , Isótopos de Carbono/análise , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Colágeno/química , Feminino , História Medieval , Humanos , Londres/etnologia , Masculino , Isótopos de Nitrogênio/análise , Estado Nutricional/etnologia , Adulto Jovem
5.
Arch Environ Occup Health ; 75(8): 435-444, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31830862

RESUMO

This study investigated whether the association between household air pollution (HAP) and nutritional status (stunting, underweight, or wasting) among children differ by caste/ethnicity. Child anthropometry data for 9,914 children aged 0-59 months were analyzed linearly as Z scores and as dichotomous categories. Exposure to HAP was significantly associated with a decrease in child height-for-age and child weight-for-age, as well as with stunting and underweight. Children in low caste (Dalits) had higher prevalence of stunting (odds ratio [OR] = 1.21; 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 1.01, 1.44), underweight (OR = 1.47; 95% CI = 1.24, 1.75), and wasting (OR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.21, 1.92) than those children in upper caste group. This association was modestly attenuated with adjustment for HAP. Exposure to HAP partly explained the caste-ethnic difference in undernutrition among children in Nepal.


Assuntos
Poluição do Ar em Ambientes Fechados , Características da Família , Estado Nutricional/etnologia , Classe Social , Antropometria , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Transtornos do Crescimento/etnologia , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Nepal/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Magreza/etnologia
6.
Res Gerontol Nurs ; 13(3): 146-157, 2020 May 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31834413

RESUMO

Adult day care (ADC) centers provide community-based care (including meals) to frail, ethnically diverse older adults, many of whom are at risk for malnutrition. To support the development of interventions to benefit ADC users, the authors aimed to identify barriers and facilitators of healthy nutrition among ADC users born in Vietnam and China. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted among ADC stakeholders to identify barriers and facilitators. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke's six-step method and organized within the framework of the Social Ecological Model. Facilitators of good nutrition included adherence to traditional diet at the ADC center, peer networks, and access to ethnic grocers. Poor health, family dynamics, and loneliness all contributed to poor nutrition, as did the restrictive nature of nutrition programs serving ADC users in the United States. Individual, relationship, organizational, community, and policy level factors play a role in ADC users' nutritional status. Targeted nutrition interventions should leverage culturally congruent relationships between ADC users and staff and include advocacy for enhancement of federal programs to support this population. [Research in Gerontological Nursing, 13(3), 146-157.].


Assuntos
Centros-Dia de Assistência à Saúde para Adultos , Dieta Saudável , Idoso Fragilizado , Pessoal de Saúde/psicologia , Estado Nutricional/etnologia , Idoso , China/etnologia , Barreiras de Comunicação , Assistência à Saúde Culturalmente Competente , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Estados Unidos , Vietnã/etnologia
7.
Am J Health Promot ; 34(2): 169-176, 2020 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31658816

RESUMO

PURPOSE: One of the major federal food assistance programs, the Special Supplemental Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), serves approximately 1.5 million low-income pregnant women per year; however, limited information is available on their dietary habits. This is critical because low-income women are at higher risk of gaining excess weight during pregnancy. Thus, the study objectives were to (1) determine the overall diet quality of WIC pregnant women and (2) examine diet quality and eating behaviors by race/ethnicity and other sociodemographics. DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study. SETTING: One of the 3 WIC offices in a north-central county in North Carolina, USA. SAMPLE: Pregnant women (n = 198) in the second trimester. MEASURES: Interviews included sociodemographics, food security, diet, and eating behaviors. Diet quality was assessed by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2010 scores. ANALYSIS: Descriptives, bivariate analysis, and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Average participant age was 26 years, and the mean HEI-2010 score was 56 of maximum score of 100. Specifically, African American women consumed significantly lower servings of whole grains (ß = -1.71; 95% CI: -3.10 to -0.32; P < .05) and dairy (ß = -1.42; 95% CI: -2.51 to -0.33; P < .05) compared with non-Hispanic white women. Hispanic women scored higher in daily intake of fruits (ß = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.17-1.79; P < .05) and for consuming empty calories in moderation (ß = 1.57; 95% CI: 0.06-3.09; P < .05). Frequency of intake of fast foods/outside meals was higher among African American women (57%, P = .025). CONCLUSION: Efforts are warranted to promote optimal nutrition among WIC pregnant women. Specifically, African American women are highly vulnerable to poor dietary habits during pregnancy. Further investigation of barriers/facilitators for healthy eating is necessary to address nutrition disparities among WIC pregnant women.


Assuntos
Dieta/etnologia , Comportamento Alimentar/etnologia , Assistência Alimentar/estatística & dados numéricos , Estado Nutricional/etnologia , Gestantes/etnologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adulto , Negro ou Afro-Americano/psicologia , Negro ou Afro-Americano/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Hispânico ou Latino/psicologia , Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , North Carolina , Gravidez , População Branca/psicologia , População Branca/estatística & dados numéricos
8.
Cad Saude Publica ; 35(11): e00217918, 2019.
Artigo em Português | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31691787

RESUMO

Studies on dietary practices in the scope of the Brazilian National School Feeding Program (PNAE) have identified a paradox: while the PNAE has progressed as a policy based on the human right to adequate diet, it has a paternalistic bias which tends to contribute to stigmatized identities. A study was thus performed to understand the interactions between dietary practices in school meals and identities. The theoretical and methodological approach was ethnographic, focusing on the scenario of a public school in the municipality (county) of Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia State, Brazil, in the upper years of elementary school. The ethnographic work was done in seven months, consisting of observation of daily meals at the school, recorded on a field diary, as well as 23 interviews with students and key actors. Analysis of the material consisted of a hermeneutic exercise and categorization of the emerging themes. This article is a cross-section of the study, presenting two categories: the first, "The school is ours", analyzes the redefinition of school in relation to a stigmatized identity; the second, "Food is what unites", presents school meals as a structuring element in students' identities and that of the school itself. The findings also show how the dialogue between the field of education and the field of food and nutrition can help school meals become part of school practices, not as mere nutritional support, but as food that values the public school and its members.


Estudos sobre práticas alimentares no contexto do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) têm apontado um paradoxo: de um lado, o PNAE avançou como política fundamentada no direito humano à alimentação adequada e, de outro, ainda apresenta um viés assistencialista que tende a contribuir para identidades estigmatizadas. Considerando esse contexto, um estudo foi realizado, objetivando compreender as interações entre práticas alimentares em torno da alimentação escolar e identidades. A abordagem etnográfica se configurou como percurso teórico-metodológico, tomando, como cenário, uma escola pública no Município de Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia, Brasil, do segundo ciclo do Ensino Fundamental. A etnografia foi realizada durante sete meses, sendo constituída de observação do cotidiano alimentar da escola, com registros em diário de campo, assim como realização de 23 entrevistas com alunos e atores-chave. A análise do material produzido consistiu em um exercício hermenêutico e categorização dos temas que emergiram. Este artigo é um recorte dessa investigação em que duas categorias são apresentadas: a primeira, "A escola é nossa", analisa um movimento de ressignificação da escola ante uma identidade estigmatizada; a segunda, "A comida é o que une", apresenta a alimentação escolar como um elemento estruturante das identidades dos alunos e da própria escola. Os achados apontam também o quanto o diálogo entre o campo da educação e o campo da alimentação e nutrição pode contribuir para que a alimentação escolar integre as práticas escolares não como um mero suporte nutricional, mas como comida que valoriza a escola pública e seus sujeitos.


Estudios sobre prácticas alimentarias en el contexto del Programa de Nacional Alimentación Escolar (PNAE) han apuntado una paradoja: por un lado, el PNAE avanzó como una política basada en el derecho humano a una alimentación adecuada y, por otro, todavía presenta un sesgo asistencialista que tiende a contribuir a identidades estigmatizadas. Considerando este contexto, se realizó un estudio, con fin de comprender las interacciones entre las prácticas alimentarias en torno a la alimentación escolar y sus identidades. El enfoque etnográfico se configuró como una trayectoria teórico-metodológica, tomando como escenario una escuela pública en el municipio de Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahía, Brasil, de segundo ciclo de enseñanza fundamental. La etnografía se realizó durante siete meses, estando constituida por observación del día a día alimentario de la escuela, con registros en un diario de campo, así como la realización de 23 entrevistas a alumnos y actores-clave. El análisis del material producido consistió en un ejercicio hermenéutico y categorización de los temas que emergieron. Este artículo es parte de esta investigación en la que se presentan dos categorías: la primera, "La escuela es nuestra", analiza un movimiento de redefinición de la escuela ante una identidad estigmatizada; la segunda, "La comida es lo que une", presenta la alimentación escolar como un elemento estructurante de las identidades de los alumnos y de la propia escuela. Los resultados apuntan también a que el diálogo entre el campo de la educación, y el de la alimentación y nutrición, pueden contribuir a que la alimentación escolar integre las prácticas escolares no como un mero soporte nutricional, sino como una auténtica comida que valora a la escuela pública y a quienes la componen.


Assuntos
Comportamento Alimentar/etnologia , Serviços de Alimentação , Estado Nutricional/etnologia , Adolescente , Brasil , Criança , Assistência Alimentar , Promoção da Saúde , Humanos , Refeições , Instituições Acadêmicas , Identificação Social , Estudantes
9.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31652691

RESUMO

(1) Background: Vietnam is a multiethnic country undergoing rapid economic development, the improvement in nutritional status in preschool children is not equally shared by all ethnic groups; (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed from September-December 2018 on 16,177 children aged 24-60 months representing Kinh (n = 14421), Muong (n = 1307) and Tay (n = 449) ethnic groups. Prevalence of malnutrition, overweight, obesity and anthropometric indices were compared across ethnic groups, using WHO 2006 child growth standards; (3) Results: The prevalence of malnutrition among children of Kinh, Muong and Tay origins was 14.7%, 34.3% and 43.2%, respectively. The corresponding data for overweight was 5.5%, 2.7%, 2.2% and for obesity 2.8%, 0.8% and 0.4%, respectively. The prevalence of stunting remained the highest in three subtypes of malnutrition in all ethnic groups. Kinh children were heavier and taller than the other groups, while Muong children were taller than Tay children (p-value < 0.001); and (4) Conclusions: Malnutrition remains a major public health issue among children of minor ethnicities while overweight and obesity is an emerging challenge for the Kinh ethnic group. The results imply that a community-based intervention should be specific to ethnicity to reduce the gap in nutritional status between ethnic groups in Vietnam.


Assuntos
Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil/epidemiologia , Estado Nutricional , Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil/etnologia , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Etnicidade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estado Nutricional/etnologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Vietnã/epidemiologia
10.
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities ; 6(5): 944-952, 2019 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31065998

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Thailand has millions of migrants working in different sectors of industries. Pattani is a deep southern provincial city having thousands of Myanmar migrants working in fishery-related jobs. Children from those migrant families are vulnerable and lack from proper care and raising by their parents. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study is to describe the nutritional status of Myanmar migrant children and identify conditions which are responsible for undernutrition in that community. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2016 to April 2017 among mothers and children under 2.5 years of age in that community. A total number of 100 children were involved in statistical analysis after excluding 2 comorbid children. Nutritional status of migrant children was classified by WHO Anthro version 3.2.2. RESULTS: Prevalence of abnormal nutritional status was reported by (19.6%) stunted, (10.8%) underweight, and (7.8%) wasted. Other ethnic children rather than Mon and Dawei were more likely to be stunted (p < 0.007). Being occupied by a fisherman father was significantly associated with stunting (p < 0.005). DISCUSSION: To improve feeding practices in infant and young children, a migrant-friendly health education program should be launched and evaluated in this community.


Assuntos
Etnicidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Pai/estatística & dados numéricos , Estado Nutricional/etnologia , Ocupações/estatística & dados numéricos , Migrantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Mianmar/etnologia , Tailândia/epidemiologia
11.
Transl Behav Med ; 9(4): 669-681, 2019 07 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30107586

RESUMO

Although social marketing principles have been successfully employed in school-based interventions to prevent obesity, use in early care and education (ECE) settings has been limited. This paper describes the use of the social marketing approach to develop an ECE-based intervention that encourages an ECE provider-parent partnership to improve the quality of preschool children's diets and their level of physical activity. A six-step social marketing approach for public health interventions guided the development of this ECE-based intervention. These steps were as follows: (i) initial planning, (ii) formative research, (iii) strategy development, (iv) program development, (v) implementation, and (vi) monitoring and evaluation. During this process, we reviewed current literature, conducted focus groups with ECE providers and parents, developed a detailed conceptual model and content map, created and tested the campaign concept, and developed final campaign materials along with strategies for its implementation. The final intervention resulting from this process was an 8-month campaign known as Healthy Me, Healthy We. The campaign is delivered by the child care center and includes branded materials for use in the classroom and at home. The final campaign is being evaluated in a cluster-randomized trial. Healthy Me, Healthy We offers an innovative approach to promoting healthy eating and physical activity during early childhood, a key developmental period, that leverages partnership between ECE providers and parents to affect behavior change.


Assuntos
Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Estado Nutricional/fisiologia , Obesidade/prevenção & controle , Comportamento Infantil/psicologia , Pré-Escolar , Análise por Conglomerados , Dieta/métodos , Dieta Saudável/estatística & dados numéricos , Grupos Focais/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Lactente , Estado Nutricional/etnologia , Obesidade/etnologia , Pais/educação , Serviços de Saúde Escolar/normas , Marketing Social
12.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 35(11): e00217918, 2019.
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: biblio-1039412

RESUMO

Resumo: Estudos sobre práticas alimentares no contexto do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) têm apontado um paradoxo: de um lado, o PNAE avançou como política fundamentada no direito humano à alimentação adequada e, de outro, ainda apresenta um viés assistencialista que tende a contribuir para identidades estigmatizadas. Considerando esse contexto, um estudo foi realizado, objetivando compreender as interações entre práticas alimentares em torno da alimentação escolar e identidades. A abordagem etnográfica se configurou como percurso teórico-metodológico, tomando, como cenário, uma escola pública no Município de Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia, Brasil, do segundo ciclo do Ensino Fundamental. A etnografia foi realizada durante sete meses, sendo constituída de observação do cotidiano alimentar da escola, com registros em diário de campo, assim como realização de 23 entrevistas com alunos e atores-chave. A análise do material produzido consistiu em um exercício hermenêutico e categorização dos temas que emergiram. Este artigo é um recorte dessa investigação em que duas categorias são apresentadas: a primeira, "A escola é nossa", analisa um movimento de ressignificação da escola ante uma identidade estigmatizada; a segunda, "A comida é o que une", apresenta a alimentação escolar como um elemento estruturante das identidades dos alunos e da própria escola. Os achados apontam também o quanto o diálogo entre o campo da educação e o campo da alimentação e nutrição pode contribuir para que a alimentação escolar integre as práticas escolares não como um mero suporte nutricional, mas como comida que valoriza a escola pública e seus sujeitos.


Abstract: Studies on dietary practices in the scope of the Brazilian National School Feeding Program (PNAE) have identified a paradox: while the PNAE has progressed as a policy based on the human right to adequate diet, it has a paternalistic bias which tends to contribute to stigmatized identities. A study was thus performed to understand the interactions between dietary practices in school meals and identities. The theoretical and methodological approach was ethnographic, focusing on the scenario of a public school in the municipality (county) of Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia State, Brazil, in the upper years of elementary school. The ethnographic work was done in seven months, consisting of observation of daily meals at the school, recorded on a field diary, as well as 23 interviews with students and key actors. Analysis of the material consisted of a hermeneutic exercise and categorization of the emerging themes. This article is a cross-section of the study, presenting two categories: the first, "The school is ours", analyzes the redefinition of school in relation to a stigmatized identity; the second, "Food is what unites", presents school meals as a structuring element in students' identities and that of the school itself. The findings also show how the dialogue between the field of education and the field of food and nutrition can help school meals become part of school practices, not as mere nutritional support, but as food that values the public school and its members.


Resumen: Estudios sobre prácticas alimentarias en el contexto del Programa de Nacional Alimentación Escolar (PNAE) han apuntado una paradoja: por un lado, el PNAE avanzó como una política basada en el derecho humano a una alimentación adecuada y, por otro, todavía presenta un sesgo asistencialista que tiende a contribuir a identidades estigmatizadas. Considerando este contexto, se realizó un estudio, con fin de comprender las interacciones entre las prácticas alimentarias en torno a la alimentación escolar y sus identidades. El enfoque etnográfico se configuró como una trayectoria teórico-metodológica, tomando como escenario una escuela pública en el municipio de Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahía, Brasil, de segundo ciclo de enseñanza fundamental. La etnografía se realizó durante siete meses, estando constituida por observación del día a día alimentario de la escuela, con registros en un diario de campo, así como la realización de 23 entrevistas a alumnos y actores-clave. El análisis del material producido consistió en un ejercicio hermenéutico y categorización de los temas que emergieron. Este artículo es parte de esta investigación en la que se presentan dos categorías: la primera, "La escuela es nuestra", analiza un movimiento de redefinición de la escuela ante una identidad estigmatizada; la segunda, "La comida es lo que une", presenta la alimentación escolar como un elemento estructurante de las identidades de los alumnos y de la propia escuela. Los resultados apuntan también a que el diálogo entre el campo de la educación, y el de la alimentación y nutrición, pueden contribuir a que la alimentación escolar integre las prácticas escolares no como un mero soporte nutricional, sino como una auténtica comida que valora a la escuela pública y a quienes la componen.


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Adolescente , Estado Nutricional/etnologia , Comportamento Alimentar/etnologia , Serviços de Alimentação , Instituições Acadêmicas , Identificação Social , Estudantes , Brasil , Refeições , Assistência Alimentar , Promoção da Saúde
13.
Food Nutr Bull ; 39(4): 536-548, 2018 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30419755

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In Thailand, despite widespread improvements in child nutrition, stunting is still highly prevalent among northern hill tribe children. OBJECTIVE: To understand how villagers and health workers (volunteers and officials) gauge health of children younger than 5 years, whether growth monitoring is salient, and the relationships of villagers with the health system in this remote location. METHODS: Qualitative research was undertaken with 8 hill tribe villages. A workshop on infant and young child health and nutrition was held with 8 village health volunteers, 2 per village, selected by a public health officer. In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 villagers and 2 volunteers who had children 0 to 5 years. Eight other health workers were also interviewed. All dialogue was conducted in Thai through bilingual facilitators and recorded, transcribed, and translated into English. Transcripts were coded and analyzed thematically within and across participant groups. RESULTS: Overall, villagers considered strength and independence of children to be hallmarks of health; the size of children featured rarely. Volunteers did not perceive local benefits of growth monitoring, and the extent of child malnutrition was unclear to them. Nutrition counseling was seldom mentioned by villagers or health workers. Across all accounts, and considering silences, relationships of villagers with the health system seemed fragile. CONCLUSION: Villagers understand child health in terms of functional abilities rather than size. Volunteer health workers in this remote location have limited resources and support. Together this helps explain why, against a background of poverty and food insecurity, growth monitoring does not translate to improvements in child nutrition.


Assuntos
Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde/etnologia , Saúde da Criança/etnologia , Agentes Comunitários de Saúde/psicologia , Agentes Comunitários de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde/etnologia , Estado Nutricional/etnologia , Adulto , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tailândia/etnologia , Adulto Jovem
14.
Soc Sci Med ; 217: 55-64, 2018 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30296691

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Malnutrition is a persistent health concern throughout the world. Globally, Indigenous peoples experience poorer health outcomes compared to their non-Indigenous neighbours. Despite this, malnutrition among Indigenous populations is poorly understood. This analysis estimated the prevalence, and modeled possible determinants of, moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) and severe acute malnutrition (SAM) for Indigenous Batwa and non-Indigenous Bakiga of Kanungu District in Southwestern Uganda. We then characterize possible mechanisms driving differences in malnutrition. METHODS: Retrospective cross-sectional surveys were administered to 10 Batwa communities and 10 matched Bakiga Local Councils during April of 2014 (n = 1167). Individuals were classified as MAM and SAM based on middle upper-arm circumference (MUAC) for their age-sex strata. Mixed-effects regression models quantified the variation in malnutrition occurrence, considering individual, household, and community-ethnicity level effects. Models controlled for age, sex, number of dependents, education, and relative wealth. RESULTS: Malnutrition is high among Batwa children and adults, with nearly half of Batwa adults (45.34%, 95% CI 34.82 to 55.86 for males; 45.86%, 95% CI 37.39 to 54.33 for females) and nearly a quarter of Batwa children (20.31%, 95% CI 13.07 to 26.93 for males; 25.81%, 95% CI 17.56 to 32.84 for females) meeting MAM criteria. SAM prevalence is lower than MAM prevalence, with SAM highest among adult Batwa males (11.60%, 95% CI 4.83 to 18.37) and adult Batwa females (3.00%, 95% CI 0.10 to 5.90). SAM prevalence among children was higher for Batwa males (7.03%, 95% CI 1.36 to 12.70) compared to Bakiga males (0.57%, 95% CI 0 to 1.69). Models that incorporated community ethnicity explained the greatest variance (>60%) in MUAC values. CONCLUSION: This research demonstrates a malnutrition inequality between the Indigenous Batwa and non-Indigenous Bakiga of Kanungu District, Uganda, with model results suggesting further investigation into the role of ethnicity as an upstream social determinant of health.


Assuntos
Etnicidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Estado Nutricional/etnologia , Características de Residência/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Desnutrição/epidemiologia , Desnutrição/etnologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Uganda/epidemiologia , Uganda/etnologia
15.
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis ; 27(11): 2926-2931, 2018 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30122627

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Healthy lifestyle choices, particularly optimal nutrition, are crucial to stroke prevention and reducing risk of recurrent stroke. Racial differences exist in poststroke outcomes; however, few studies have examined the influence of race on poststroke diet or nutrition practices, despite nutrition being critical to stroke recovery. The objective of this analyzes was therefore to examine racial/ ethnic differences in nutrition activities among stroke survivors using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. METHODS: Cross-sectional data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2011-2014) were analyzed for adults (n = 431) who responded "yes" that they had been told by a health professional that they had a stroke. The main outcome measure was food consumption/nutrition behavior. Descriptive statistics were conducted for demographic characteristics. Pearson Chi square statistics were performed for baseline demographic and clinical comparisons. A negative binomial regression analysis was utilized for racial/ethnic comparisons of dietary/nutrition behaviors. RESULTS: The mean age of the sample was 66.6 years (Standard Deviation, 12.7) but the mean age of stroke onset was 57.9 years (Standard Deviation, 15.8), with Mexican American/Hispanics experiencing their strokes at a younger age than other racial groups (P < .007). After controlling for baseline differences in key demographic and clinical covariates variables, Blacks consumed a higher number of ready-to-eat foods (P = .000) in the past 30 days while Mexican American/Hispanics consumed a higher number of frozen meals/pizza in the past 30 days (P = .004). CONCLUSIONS: Racial/ethnic differences in poststroke nutrition practices, highlight a potential need for focused nutrition counseling for minority population at higher risk of poor poststroke outcomes.


Assuntos
Negro ou Afro-Americano/psicologia , Dieta Saudável/etnologia , Comportamento Alimentar/etnologia , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde/etnologia , Estilo de Vida Saudável , Hispânico ou Latino/psicologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etnologia , Sobreviventes/psicologia , População Branca/psicologia , Idoso , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Fast Foods/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Estado Nutricional/etnologia , Fatores de Proteção , Fatores de Risco , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/mortalidade , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/psicologia , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia
16.
Nutrients ; 10(8)2018 Aug 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30081522

RESUMO

Dietary and physical activity behaviours during preconception and in pregnancy are important determinants of maternal and child health. This review synthesised the available evidence on dietary and physical activity behaviours in pregnant women and women of childbearing age women who have migrated from African countries to live in high income countries. Searches were conducted on Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, Pubmed, CINAHL, Scopus, Proquest, Web of Science, and the Cochrane library. Searches were restricted to studies conducted in high income countries and published in English. Data extraction and quality assessment were carried out in duplicate. Findings were synthesised using a framework approach, which included both a priori and emergent themes. Fourteen studies were identified; ten quantitative and four qualitative. Four studies included pregnant women. Data on nutrient intakes included macro- and micro-nutrients; and were suggestive of inadequacies in iron, folate, and calcium; and excessive sodium intakes. Dietary patterns were bicultural, including both Westernised and African dietary practices. Findings on physical activity behaviours were conflicting. Dietary and physical activity behaviours were influenced by post-migration environments, culture, religion, and food or physical activity-related beliefs and perceptions. Further studies are required to understand the influence of sociodemographic and other migration-related factors on behaviour changes after migration.


Assuntos
População Negra/psicologia , Países Desenvolvidos/economia , Países em Desenvolvimento/economia , Dieta Saudável/psicologia , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/psicologia , Emigração e Imigração , Exercício Físico/psicologia , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Renda , Adolescente , Adulto , África/epidemiologia , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Características Culturais , Dieta Saudável/etnologia , Meio Ambiente , Feminino , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde/etnologia , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde/etnologia , Humanos , Saúde Materna/etnologia , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Materna/etnologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estado Nutricional/etnologia , Gravidez , Saúde Reprodutiva/etnologia , Adulto Jovem
17.
Cad Saude Publica ; 34(6): e00165817, 2018 06 25.
Artigo em Português | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29952403

RESUMO

To describe the nutritional status and the environmental and health conditions of the Pataxó children from five villages of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Among the under 10 years old, weight and height/length were classified according to the growth references of World Health Organization. Questionnaires evaluating environmental conditions of the households and health conditions of under 5 years old were based in the First National Survey of Indigenous People's Health and Nutrition. Among the 70 children evaluated (93.3%), 34 were under 5 years old. Nutritional deficits were not observed and overweight was registered for 11.4% of the children. Most of the children (74.3%) lived in households with electric energy, 95% in households with toilets and 52.9% in households that threw waste in septic tanks. Six or more antenatal appointments were reported by 82.4% of the mothers of the under five years old and 91.2% started the antenatal appointments within the first trimester of pregnancy. Among the causes of hospitalizations in the previous 12 months (23.5%), only one was due to diarrhea and none to respiratory infection. Universal coverage was observed for the majority of the vaccines. The absence of nutritional deficits among the Pataxó children may be associated to better housing and sanitation conditions and coverage of basic childhood health actions when compared to the conditions reported by the First National Survey of Indigenous People's Health and Nutrition and related studies with other specific indigenous peoples. The current study aims to back discussions and measures to improve the nutritional status of indigenous children in Brazil.


Descrever o estado nutricional e as condições ambientais e de saúde das crianças Pataxó de cinco aldeias de Minas Gerais, Brasil. O estado nutricional foi classificado com base no peso e estatura/comprimento, tendo como referência o padrão de crescimento da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Questionários baseados no I Inquérito Nacional de Saúde e Nutrição dos Povos Indígenas foram utilizados para a avaliação das condições ambientais dos domicílios e de saúde dos menores de cinco anos. Dos 70 menores de dez anos avaliados (93,3%), 34 tinham menos de cinco anos. Não se observaram déficits nutricionais e sobrepeso foi registrado para 11,4% das crianças. A maioria das crianças (74,3%) vivia em domicílios com energia elétrica, 95% em domicílios com latrina/sanitário e 52,9% lançavam dejetos em fossa séptica. A realização de seis ou mais consultas de pré-natal foi reportada por 82,4% das mães dos menores de cinco anos, e 91,2% iniciaram o pré-natal no primeiro trimestre de gestação. Dentre as causas de internações hospitalares nos últimos 12 meses (23,5%), somente uma foi devido à diarreia e nenhuma por causa de infecções respiratórias. Foram verificadas coberturas universais para a maioria das vacinas avaliadas. A inexistência de déficits nutricionais entre as crianças Pataxó pode estar associada às melhores condições de habitação, saneamento e cobertura das ações básicas de saúde infantil quando comparadas às condições verificadas no I Inquérito Nacional de Saúde e Nutrição dos Povos Indígenas e de estudos pontuais. Este trabalho pretende subsidiar discussões e ações que visem a melhorias do estado nutricional infantil dos indígenas no Brasil.


El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir el estado nutricional, así como las condiciones ambientales y de salud de niños Pataxó, procedentes de cinco aldeas de Minas Gerais, Brasil. El estado nutricional se clasificó en base al peso y estatura/longitud, teniendo como referencia el patrón de crecimiento de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Se utilizaron cuestionarios basados en la I Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición de los Pueblos Indígenas para la evaluación de las condiciones ambientales de los domicilios y de salud de los menores de cinco años. De los 70 menores de 10 años evaluados (93,3%), 34 tenían menos de cinco años. No se observaron déficits nutricionales y se registro sobrepeso en 11,4% de los niños. La mayoría de los niños (74,3%) vivía en domicilios con energía eléctrica, 95% en domicilios con letrina/retrete y un 52,9% efectuaba deposiciones en fosa séptica. La realización de seis o más consultas de carácter prenatal fueron informadas por parte de un 82,4% de las madres de los menores de cinco años, y un 91,2% comenzaron las consultas prenatales durante el primer trimestre de gestación. Entre las causas de internamientos hospitalarios en los últimos 12 meses (23,5%), solamente una se debió a diarrea y ninguna a causa de infecciones respiratorias. Se verificaron coberturas universales para la mayoría de las vacunas evaluadas. La inexistencia de déficits nutricionales entre los niños Pataxó puede estar asociada a las mejores condiciones de vivienda, saneamiento y cobertura de las acciones básicas respecto a salud infantil, cuando se comparan con las condiciones verificadas en la I Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición de los Pueblos Indígenas y de otros estudios puntuales. Este trabajo pretende servir de apoyo para futuras discusiones y acciones que tengan por objetivo las mejoras en el estado nutricional infantil de los indígenas en Brasil.


Assuntos
Saúde da Criança/etnologia , Indígenas Sul-Americanos/estatística & dados numéricos , Estado Nutricional/etnologia , Condições Sociais/estatística & dados numéricos , Brasil , Criança , Saúde da Criança/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Habitação/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Saneamento/estatística & dados numéricos
18.
Nutrients ; 10(5)2018 May 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29783749

RESUMO

The burden of malnutrition in Indigenous people is a major health priority and this study's aims are to understand health outcomes among Indigenous and non-Indigenous patients. This cohort study includes 608 medical inpatients in three regional hospitals. Participants were screened for malnutrition using the Subjective Global Assessment tool. Hospital length of stay, discharge destination, 30-day and six-month hospital readmission and survival were measured. Although no significant difference was observed between Indigenous participants who were malnourished or nourished (p = 0.120), malnourished Indigenous participants were more likely to be readmitted back into hospital within 30 days (Relative Risk (RR) 1.53, 95% CI 1.19⁻1.97, p = 0.002) and six months (RR 1.40, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.05⁻1.88, p = 0.018), and less likely to be alive at six months (RR 1.63, 95% CI 1.20⁻2.21, p = 0.015) than non-Indigenous participants. Malnutrition was associated with higher mortality (Hazards Ratio (HR) 3.32, 95% CI 1.87⁻5.89, p < 0.001) for all participants, and independent predictors for six-month mortality included being malnourished (HR 2.10, 95% CI 1.16⁻3.79, p = 0.014), advanced age (HR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02⁻1.06, p = 0.001), increased acute disease severity (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation score, HR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01⁻1.05, p = 0.002) and higher chronic disease index (Charlson Comorbidity Index, HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.16⁻3.79, p = 0.014). Malnutrition in regional Australia is associated with increased healthcare utilization and decreased survival. New approaches to malnutrition-risk screening, increased dietetic resourcing and nutrition programs to proactively identify and address malnutrition in this context are urgently required.


Assuntos
Desnutrição/etnologia , Havaiano Nativo ou Outro Ilhéu do Pacífico , Estado Nutricional/etnologia , Admissão do Paciente , Idoso , Austrália/epidemiologia , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Comorbidade , Feminino , Recursos em Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Tempo de Internação , Modelos Lineares , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Desnutrição/mortalidade , Desnutrição/fisiopatologia , Desnutrição/terapia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Avaliação Nutricional , Razão de Chances , Alta do Paciente , Readmissão do Paciente , Prognóstico , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo
19.
Nutrients ; 10(4)2018 Apr 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29642444

RESUMO

The Ghanaian population suffers from a double burden of malnutrition. Cost of food is considered a barrier to achieving a health-promoting diet. Food prices were collected in major cities and in rural areas in southern Ghana. Linear programming (LP) was used to calculate nutritionally optimized diets (food baskets (FBs)) for a low-income Ghanaian family of four that fulfilled energy and nutrient recommendations in both rural and urban settings. Calculations included implementing cultural acceptability for families living in extreme and moderate poverty (food budget under USD 1.9 and 3.1 per day respectively). Energy-appropriate FBs minimized for cost, following Food Balance Sheets (FBS), lacked key micronutrients such as iodine, vitamin B12 and iron for the mothers. Nutritionally adequate FBs were achieved in all settings when optimizing for a diet cheaper than USD 3.1. However, when delimiting cost to USD 1.9 in rural areas, wild foods had to be included in order to meet nutritional adequacy. Optimization suggested to reduce roots, tubers and fruits and to increase cereals, vegetables and oil-bearing crops compared with FBS. LP is a useful tool to design culturally acceptable diets at minimum cost for low-income Ghanaian families to help advise national authorities how to overcome the double burden of malnutrition.


Assuntos
População Negra , Características Culturais , Países em Desenvolvimento/economia , Dieta Saudável/economia , Renda , Desnutrição/prevenção & controle , Valor Nutritivo/etnologia , Pobreza , Programação Linear , Adolescente , Adulto , População Negra/psicologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Dieta Saudável/etnologia , Ingestão de Energia/etnologia , Comportamento Alimentar/etnologia , Feminino , Gana/epidemiologia , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde/etnologia , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde/etnologia , Humanos , Masculino , Desnutrição/economia , Desnutrição/epidemiologia , Desnutrição/fisiopatologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estado Nutricional/etnologia , Pobreza/etnologia , Fatores de Proteção , Recomendações Nutricionais/economia , Fatores de Risco , Adulto Jovem
20.
Matern Child Nutr ; 14(1)2018 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28449415

RESUMO

Socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with childhood anthropometry, but little is known about how it is associated with tissue growth and body composition. To investigate this, we looked at components of SES at birth with growth in early and mid-childhood, and body composition in a longitudinal study in Nepal. The exposure variables (material assets, land ownership, and maternal education) were quantified from questionnaire data before birth. Anthropometry data at birth, 2.5 and 8.5 years, were normalized using WHO reference ranges and conditional growth calculated. Associations with child growth and body composition were explored using multiple regression analysis. Complete anthropometry data were available for 793 children. There was a positive association between SES and height-for-age and weight-for-age, and a reduction in odds of stunting and underweight for each increase in rank of SES variable. Associations tended to be significant when moving from the lower to the upper asset score, from none to secondary education, and no land to >30 dhur (~500 m2 ). The strongest associations were for maternal secondary education, showing an increase of 0.6-0.7 z scores in height-for-age and weight-for-age at 2.5 and 8.5 years and 0.3 kg/m2 in fat and lean mass compared to no education. There was a positive association with conditional growth in the highest asset score group and secondary maternal education, and generally no association with land ownership. Our results show that SES at birth is important for the growth of children, with a greater association with fat mass. The greatest influence was maternal secondary education.


Assuntos
Desenvolvimento Infantil , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Infantil , Escolaridade , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição do Lactente , Desnutrição/prevenção & controle , Estado Nutricional , Magreza/prevenção & controle , Estatura/etnologia , Criança , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Infantil/etnologia , Pré-Escolar , Estudos de Coortes , Países em Desenvolvimento , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição do Lactente/etnologia , Recém-Nascido , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Desnutrição/economia , Desnutrição/epidemiologia , Desnutrição/etnologia , Nepal/epidemiologia , Estado Nutricional/etnologia , Risco , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Magreza/economia , Magreza/epidemiologia , Magreza/etnologia , Aumento de Peso/etnologia
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