RESUMO
Bioactive peptides are a group of biological molecules that are normally buried in the structure of parent proteins and become active after the cleavage of the proteins. Another group of peptides is actively produced and found in many microorganisms and the body of organisms. Today, many groups of bioactive peptides have been marketed chemically or recombinantly. This article reviews the various production methods and sources of these important/ubiquitous and useful biomolecules. Their applications, such as antimicrobial, antihypertensive, antioxidant activities, blood-lipid-lowering effect, opioid role, antiobesity, ability to bind minerals, antidiabetic, and antiaging effects, will be explored. The types of pathways proposed for bioactive applications will be in the next part of the article, and at the end, the future perspectives of bioactive peptides will be reviewed. Reading this article is recommended for researchers interested in various fields of physiology, microbiology, biochemistry, and nanotechnology and food industry professionals.
Assuntos
Fatores Biológicos/farmacologia , Peptídeos/farmacologia , Animais , Fatores Biológicos/química , Fatores Biológicos/isolamento & purificação , Indústria Farmacêutica , Indústria Alimentícia , Humanos , Peptídeos/química , Peptídeos/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Blood transfusion and plasma derived-drugs significantly differ from other medicines in that their availability strictly depends on blood and plasma collected from healthy donors. Blood collection must comply with a double objective: to maintain donor heath safety, and to avoid any transmitted infections in recipients. This raises several ethical concerns that appear to be different from usual ethical and deontological issues linked to other pharmaceutical and industrial processes. The main concern is the non-commercialization of the human body. Words and concept are of major importance in this context. This short review aims at presenting the main issues relevant to those questions with respect to the various stakeholders.
Assuntos
Produtos Biológicos/classificação , Indústria Farmacêutica/ética , Preparações Farmacêuticas/classificação , Fatores Biológicos/isolamento & purificação , Fatores Biológicos/uso terapêutico , Produtos Biológicos/isolamento & purificação , Células Sanguíneas , Transfusão de Componentes Sanguíneos/efeitos adversos , Transfusão de Componentes Sanguíneos/ética , Doadores de Sangue/ética , Doadores de Sangue/legislação & jurisprudência , Preservação de Sangue , Proteínas Sanguíneas/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas Sanguíneas/uso terapêutico , Segurança do Sangue/ética , Separação Celular , Mercantilização , Indústria Farmacêutica/legislação & jurisprudência , Estabilidade de Medicamentos , França , Direitos Humanos , Humanos , PlasmaRESUMO
A variety of positive outcomes can be realized from validation and risk management activities (see Table 4). They are dependent on the participation of multiple functional groups including the quality unit, regulatory and legal affairs, engineering and production operations, research and development, and sales and marketing. Quality risk management is receiving increased attention in the area of public health, pharmacovigilance, and pharmaceutical manufacturing. Recent examples of its regulatory use in our industry include the assessment of the potential risks of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) agents through contaminated products], the risks of precipitates in allergenic extracts, and the revision of the potency limits for standardized dust mite and grass allergen vaccines. Its application to allergen source material process validation activities allowed for a practical strategy, especially in a complex manufacturing environment involving hundreds of products with multiple intended uses. In addition, the use of tools such as FMEA was useful in evaluating proposed changes made to manufacturing procedures and product specifications, new regulatory actions, and customer feedback or complaints. The success of such a quality assurance programs will ultimately be reflected in the elimination or reduction of product failures, improvement in the detection and prediction of potential product failures, and increased confidence in product quality.
Assuntos
Alérgenos/isolamento & purificação , Fatores Biológicos/isolamento & purificação , Fatores Biológicos/normas , Alérgenos/genética , Animais , Fatores Biológicos/genética , Regulamentação Governamental , Humanos , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas Recombinantes/normas , Padrões de Referência , Medição de Risco , Gestão de RiscosRESUMO
Natural products have inspired chemists and physicians for millennia. Their rich structural diversity and complexity has prompted synthetic chemists to produce them in the laboratory, often with therapeutic applications in mind, and many drugs used today are natural products or natural-product derivatives. Recent years have seen considerable advances in our understanding of natural-product biosynthesis. Coupled with improvements in approaches for natural-product isolation, characterization and synthesis, these could be opening the door to a new era in the investigation of natural products in academia and industry.
Assuntos
Fatores Biológicos/química , Fatores Biológicos/metabolismo , Animais , Fatores Biológicos/isolamento & purificação , Fatores Biológicos/farmacologia , Indústria Farmacêutica , Humanos , Oxirredução , Preparações Farmacêuticas/síntese química , Preparações Farmacêuticas/química , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeAssuntos
Biodiversidade , Fatores Biológicos/isolamento & purificação , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos/tendências , Indústria Farmacêutica/tendências , Animais , Antozoários , Antineoplásicos/isolamento & purificação , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Austrália , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores Biológicos/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Medicina Tradicional , Havaiano Nativo ou Outro Ilhéu do PacíficoRESUMO
Large-scale, renewable supplies of chemical constituents derived from marine invertebrates have limited development of potential new natural product drugs. This paper describes the development of two in-sea aquaculture systems designed and engineered for production of large quantities of biomass for two species of marine invertebrates desired for their natural product chemical constituents. The two invertebrates and their products were: (1) the cosmopolitan, arborescent bryozoan Bugula neritina (Phylum Bryozoa) for its anticancer chemical constituent bryostatin 1; and (2) Ecteinascidia turbinate (Phylum Tunicata) the source of anticancer ecteinascidin 743. For the third invertebrate Phylum Porifera, and its representative sponge Acanthella cavernosa (desired for its anti-parasitic and anti-infective kalihinols) in-sea systems were not developed in favor of controlled environment tank aquaculture systems. For the bryozoan and tunicate, projected economics for commercial-scale in-sea production proved cost effective. This was in contrast to the controlled environment sponge culture tank system, which did not prove to be economical due to inherent slow growth and low natural product yields of the sponge in culture. A non-destructive method for "milking" natural product chemicals from sponges was tested and is described.
Assuntos
Aquicultura/economia , Aquicultura/instrumentação , Fatores Biológicos/economia , Fatores Biológicos/metabolismo , Ambiente Controlado , Invertebrados/metabolismo , Biologia Marinha/economia , Biologia Marinha/instrumentação , Animais , Anti-Infecciosos/economia , Anti-Infecciosos/isolamento & purificação , Anti-Infecciosos/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/economia , Antineoplásicos/isolamento & purificação , Antineoplásicos/metabolismo , Aquicultura/métodos , Fatores Biológicos/isolamento & purificação , Reatores Biológicos/economia , Briostatinas , Briozoários/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Briozoários/metabolismo , Dioxóis/economia , Dioxóis/isolamento & purificação , Dioxóis/metabolismo , Incubadoras , Invertebrados/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Isoquinolinas/economia , Isoquinolinas/isolamento & purificação , Isoquinolinas/metabolismo , Lactonas/economia , Lactonas/isolamento & purificação , Lactonas/metabolismo , Macrolídeos , Biologia Marinha/métodos , Poríferos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Poríferos/metabolismo , Tetra-Hidroisoquinolinas , Trabectedina , Estados Unidos , Urocordados/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Urocordados/metabolismoRESUMO
Biodiversity on the Earth is mainly made up of the huge number of existing marine organisms. Marine animals and plants elaborate a great panel of chemicals, many of them exhibiting strong biological activities. So, the seas enable human kingdom to obtain a large number of active products of medicinal interest. This paper deal with the various steps since the collection of the marine samples up to the marketing of the new molecules. Recent drugs from the seas and the main scientific or industrial partners concerned are also introduced.
Assuntos
Fatores Biológicos/farmacologia , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Biologia Marinha , Farmacognosia/métodos , Academias e Institutos , Animais , Fatores Biológicos/química , Fatores Biológicos/isolamento & purificação , Indústria Farmacêutica , França , Laboratórios , Manejo de EspécimesAssuntos
Antineoplásicos/isolamento & purificação , Fatores Biológicos , National Institutes of Health (U.S.) , Animais , Fármacos Anti-HIV/isolamento & purificação , Antineoplásicos/história , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Fatores Biológicos/história , Fatores Biológicos/isolamento & purificação , Comportamento Cooperativo , Desenho de Fármacos , Avaliação de Medicamentos/economia , Avaliação de Medicamentos/métodos , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos/economia , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos/métodos , História do Século XX , Humanos , Cooperação Internacional , National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/história , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Plantas Medicinais/química , Estados UnidosAssuntos
Animais , História do Século XX , Humanos , Antineoplásicos/isolamento & purificação , Fatores Biológicos , National Institutes of Health (U.S.) , Fármacos Anti-HIV , Antineoplásicos/história , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Avaliação de Medicamentos/economia , Avaliação de Medicamentos/métodos , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos/economia , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Comportamento Cooperativo , Desenho de Fármacos , Fatores Biológicos/história , Fatores Biológicos/isolamento & purificação , Cooperação Internacional , National Institutes of Health (U.S.) , Neoplasias , Plantas Medicinais , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Despite the much lower actual yield than that estimated for hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) nucleic acid testing (NAT)-only positives in the USA and Germany, look-back procedures have revealed that no HCV transmission has occurred in Germany since the introduction of NAT. This indicates sufficient sensitivity of the pool-PCR approach. The slow ramp-up of hepatitis B virus (HBV) however, may require a different approach. It has been shown in Germany that the pooling of samples followed by virus enrichment results in a significant yield. Single donation testing for HBV would not increase the yield, because virus enrichment from mini-pool results in a similar sensitivity to that of single donation testing. Both strategies may be useful for extending future NAT to HBV screening. New candidate viruses for NAT are Parvo B19 and hepatitis A virus (HAV) because of their extreme resistance to inactivation procedures. Their low pathogenicity and epidemiologic characteristics, however, make them candidate viruses only for pooled source plasma. The main future issues of NAT will be related to the automation of pooling, extraction and amplification as a single homogeneous process. Depending on the throughput, automated single donation NAT as demonstrated by the 'Tigris' system may be an option, as far as all transfusion-relevant viruses will be included. In the near future high throughput systems will rely on pooled donor samples, most probably in conjunction with efficient enrichment procedures. For these systems, automation of the extraction and amplification process will be one of the first steps. These procedures will also limitthe costs of NAT and keep it available for use with future candidate viruses.