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1.
Stomatologiia (Mosk) ; 103(2): 50-55, 2024.
Artigo em Russo | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38741535

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Restoring the integrity of the dentition with orthopedic structures should be carried out strictly according to indications, taking into account the condition of the supporting teeth and/or teeth limiting the defect. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a retrospective analysis of the results of orthopedic treatment of patients with shortened dentition according to clinical and radiological methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The material for the study was data from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) of 126 patients with shortened dentition (most patients with the absence of a second molar, as well as the absence of the first and second molars), who sought a consultation about missing teeth in the orthopedic and surgical department of the Federal State Budgetary Institution National Medical Research Center TsNIISiCHLKh Ministry of Health of Russia. RESULTS: At the stages of treatment for patients in the study group, insufficient attention is paid to the restoration of terminal defects of the dentition in the upper and lower jaws, especially the restoration of second molars. This may be due to improper planning of dental treatment and insufficient motivation of the patient to carry out comprehensive dental rehabilitation. According to CT studies, the number of complications of orthopedic treatment in the area of supporting teeth and/or teeth limiting the included defect or terminal defect of the dentition in the masticatory region increases depending on the period of use of the orthopedic structure. CONCLUSIONS: The use of cantilever structures leads to functional overload of the supporting teeth. Neglecting the restoration of a full dentition and prosthetics of end defects of the dentition leads to dentoalveolar advancement of antagonists of missing teeth and the appearance of complications such as functional overload of supporting teeth and resorption of alveolar bone.


Assuntos
Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico , Arco Dental , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto , Arco Dental/diagnóstico por imagem , Arco Dental/anormalidades , Resultado do Tratamento , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Restauração Dentária Permanente/métodos , Federação Russa
2.
Vestn Oftalmol ; 140(2): 112-120, 2024.
Artigo em Russo | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38742507

RESUMO

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a degenerative disease of the macular area in diabetes mellitus and can lead to vision loss, disability, and significantly reduced quality of life. Faricimab is the only bispecific antibody for DME therapy that targets two pathogenic pathways (Ang-2 and VEGF-A). PURPOSE: This study comparatively evaluates the clinical and economic feasibility of faricimab and other angiogenesis inhibitors in patients with DME. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This article analyzed literature on the efficacy and safety of intravitreal injections (IVI) of ranibizumab 0.5 mg, aflibercept 2 mg, and faricimab 6 mg. A model of medical care was developed for patients with DME receiving anti-angiogenic therapy. Pharmacoeconomic analysis was performed using cost minimization and budget impact analysis (BIA) methods. Modeling time horizon was 2 years. The research was performed from the perspective of the healthcare system of the Russian Federation. RESULTS: The efficacy and safety of faricimab in a personalized regimen (up to one IVI in 16 weeks) are comparable to those of aflibercept and ranibizumab, administered in various regimens. The use of faricimab is associated with the lowest number of IVIs. Over 2 years, the maximum costs of drug therapy were associated with the use of ranibizumab (about 914 thousand rubles), while the minimum costs were associated with the use of faricimab (614 thousand rubles). The reduction in inpatient care costs with faricimab therapy was 36% compared to aflibercept (216 and 201 thousand rubles in inpatient and day hospitals, respectively) and 82% compared to ranibizumab (486 and 451 thousand rubles in inpatient and day hospitals, respectively). BIA demonstrated that the use of faricimab will reduce the economic burden on the healthcare system by 11.3 billion rubles (9.8%) over 2 years. CONCLUSION: The use of faricimab is a cost-effective approach to treatment of adult patients with DME in Russia.


Assuntos
Inibidores da Angiogênese , Retinopatia Diabética , Farmacoeconomia , Edema Macular , Receptores de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão , Humanos , Edema Macular/tratamento farmacológico , Edema Macular/etiologia , Edema Macular/economia , Inibidores da Angiogênese/economia , Inibidores da Angiogênese/administração & dosagem , Retinopatia Diabética/tratamento farmacológico , Retinopatia Diabética/economia , Federação Russa , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/economia , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/administração & dosagem , Receptores de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/administração & dosagem , Injeções Intravítreas , Ranibizumab/administração & dosagem , Ranibizumab/economia , Análise Custo-Benefício , Anticorpos Biespecíficos/economia , Anticorpos Biespecíficos/administração & dosagem , Resultado do Tratamento
3.
Ter Arkh ; 96(3): 212-217, 2024 Apr 16.
Artigo em Russo | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38713034

RESUMO

AIM: To assess clinical and demographic characteristics of severe asthma (SA) patients and their management in Russian Federation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This publication provides data for Russian part of population of the international observational study. In Phase I, retrospective analysis of medical records of patients with SA was performed with assessment of clinical and demographic data, medical history, comorbidities, treatment approaches and healthcare utilization. Phase II was a cross-sectional collection of patient-reported outcomes: level of asthma control assessed by ACT (Asthma Control Test) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measured using the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire. Phase I patients were enrolled into Phase II if they signed a written consent form. RESULTS: A total of 315 patients were included in Phase I of the study, 106 (33.6%) of them entered Phase II. Majority of study participants were either obese (n=103; 39.8%) or overweight (n=94; 36.3%). The most common comorbidities were cardiovascular diseases (n=217; 71.4%), followed by chronic respiratory diseases (n=198; 68.8%). There were 268 (85.1%) patients who had at least one exacerbation during last 12 months. Data for blood eosinophil count were available in 176 patients; 81.3% of them (n=143) had only one test in the last 12 months. The mean (SD) last available blood eosinophil count was 161.2 (181.2) cells/mm3. Serum Immunoglobulin E (IgE) value was known for 88 patients, and the mean (SD) last measured IgE value was 254.3 (249.7) ng/mL. Only 4.7% of Phase II participants had ACT scores indicative of controlled asthma (>20). As much as 74.5% had scores ≤15 suggesting uncontrolled disease. Most patients also had impaired HRQoL. CONCLUSION: Most SA patients had poor disease control with frequent exacerbations and high number of comorbidities. Blood eosinophils and IgE level measurements were not evaluated routinely which might be a barrier for appropriate phenotyping and treatment selection.


Assuntos
Asma , Qualidade de Vida , Humanos , Asma/epidemiologia , Asma/terapia , Federação Russa/epidemiologia , Feminino , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Estudos Retrospectivos , Comorbidade , Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Inquéritos e Questionários
4.
Ter Arkh ; 96(3): 312-314, 2024 Apr 16.
Artigo em Russo | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38713050

RESUMO

In the article "Point-of-care blood glucose testing: post-market performance assessment of the Accu-Chek Inform II hospital-use glucose meter," published in the Terapevticheskii Arkhiv journal, Vol. 95, No.12, 2023 (DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2023.12.202522), errors were made: the term "measurements at the place of treatment" was changed, as well as the section "Conflict of interest." At the request of the authors' team, errors in the conflict of interest and the wording of the term have been corrected, and the section "Information about the authors" has been updated. The publisher replaced the original version of the published article with the corrected one; the information on the website was also corrected. Correct text of the section "Conflict of interest": Conflict of interest. All authors are not employees or consultants of Roche Diagnostics and have not received any compensation from Roche Diagnostics. Correct wording of the term in Russian: "измерения по месту лечения". Changes were made to the title of the article in Russian: "Измерения глюкозы по месту лечения: пострегистрационное испытание госпитального глюкометра Акку-Чек Информ II", the text of the abstract, keywords, citation, in the text of the article, and abbreviations. Information of the place of work has been updated: Center for Laboratory Diagnostics of the Russian Children Clinical Hospital, a Branch of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University. The publisher apologizes to readers and authors for the errors and is confident that the correction of errors will ensure the correct perception and interpretation of the results of the study described in the text.


Assuntos
Glicemia , Humanos , Glicemia/análise , Sistemas Automatizados de Assistência Junto ao Leito , Automonitorização da Glicemia/instrumentação , Automonitorização da Glicemia/métodos , Testes Imediatos , Vigilância de Produtos Comercializados/métodos , Federação Russa
5.
Chemosphere ; 357: 142059, 2024 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38653397

RESUMO

Research on rare-earth elements (REEs) in urban soils of Russian industrial cities is extremely limited. This study investigates the potential sources and human health risks of REEs contained in the topsoils of the industrial Russian city of Chelyabinsk. The study also takes into account natural sources of REE as the city is located on the border of granites (Urals) and sedimentary rocks (Western Siberia). We analyzed the concentration and distribution of REEs in the soils of four types of locations: residential courtyards, city parks, roadsides, and industrial locations. The total REE concentrations ranged from 44 to 255 mg/kg, with average concentrations of 140, 124, 113 and 89 mg/kg in the courtyards, roadsides, industrial location and city parks, respectively. The REE content in courtyard soils could be influenced by poor cleaning of fallen leaves. The ratios of light REE (LREE) to heavy REE (HREE) ranged from 9.5 to 10.1, revealing an obvious fractionation between them. The fractionation of LREE and HREE, and the REE/ES (European Shale) pattern showed that REE accumulation in Chelyabinsk soils has been disturbed by human activities. It was shown that the dust from industrial emissions was the main anthropogenic source of REE accumulation in urban soil. The largest amounts of REEs are emitted from an electrometallurgical plant and zinc production plant. Fortunately, the estimated daily intakes of REE from soils for children and adults were well below the safety thresholds. At the same time, in order to prevent social tension and reduce the anthropogenic load on the urban area, it is recommended to use phytoremediation technologies, smart landscaping of industrial and residential areas, more thorough cleaning of fallen leaves and road dust. It is also recommended to move the most dangerous production processes outside the urban area.


Assuntos
Cidades , Monitoramento Ambiental , Metais Terras Raras , Poluentes do Solo , Solo , Humanos , Metais Terras Raras/análise , Medição de Risco , Poluentes do Solo/análise , Solo/química , Federação Russa , Indústrias , Poeira/análise
6.
Sud Med Ekspert ; 67(2): 47-52, 2024.
Artigo em Russo | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38587159

RESUMO

Interest in the topic of age assessment for forensic medical identification of personality has not decreased for over the past decade. Establishing an exact age have a critical importance for law enforcement authorities, for example in case of wrongdoing by illegal migrants without identity documents. The search and systemic analysis of published researches devoted to age assessment by dental status in children and adolescents with subsequent updating of the directions of development in this scientific subject theme and the possibility of their realization in practice in the Russian Federation were carried out in order to have an objective concept of used methods of dental status assessment in the world practice.


Assuntos
Determinação da Idade pelos Dentes , Aplicação da Lei , Criança , Humanos , Adolescente , Raios X , Federação Russa
7.
Khirurgiia (Mosk) ; (4): 55-63, 2024.
Artigo em Russo | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38634585

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the indicators of emergency surgical care in the Volgograd region between 2017 and 2021. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We summarized and analyzed primary statistical data presented in annual analytical collections of the chief surgeon of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia «Surgical care In Russian Federation¼ (Revishvili A.Sh. et al.) and the Rosstat collections «Regions of Russia. Socio-economic indicators¼. RESULTS: According to analytic system outworked in the Vishnevsky National Research Medical Center of Surgery, surgical service in the Volgograd region dropped from the 64th to the 82nd place among other entities between 2017 and 2021. Insufficient innovative development of surgical service is evidenced by small number of surgeons, common part-time work, no dynamics in introduction of laparoscopic surgeries and high in-hospital mortality in some acute abdominal disease. Work of regional surgical service was compared with socio-economic development of region and monitoring indicators in the «Health¼ national project. CONCLUSION: Improving the efficacy of surgical service in the Volgograd region requires joint efforts of the entire regional healthcare system.


Assuntos
Tratamento de Emergência , Hospitais , Humanos , Federação Russa , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Atenção à Saúde
8.
J Environ Manage ; 356: 120579, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38503230

RESUMO

In contemporary times, geopolitical risk, and natural resources prices are susceptible due to the Russian-Ukraine conflict. In the meantime, emerging economies are struggling to explore the factors that could reduce ecological challenges and enhance environmental management. This research aims to analyze several economic, environmental, political, and institutional variables to ascertain their influence on greenhouse gas emissions in China. Covering the latest period from 1990 to 2022, various time series tests, including normality, stationarity, and cointegration tests. The results confirm that the variables studied have a stable pattern over time and are connected in the long run. The non-normal distribution of variables leads to opt novel moment quantile regression, where the results are tested for robustness via parametric approaches. The empirical results asserted that economic growth, natural resource prices, and trade significantly enhance ecological challenges (emissions). However, globalization, geopolitical risk, and institutional quality significantly reduce such environmental challenges. The results are robust, and both unidirectional and bidirectional causal associations confirm the importance of these variables in environmental management. Based on the results, this study recommends engagement in environmentally-friendly trading, investment in clean and green energy, and strengthening institutional quality for the region's environmental recovery.


Assuntos
Dióxido de Carbono , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Ucrânia , Dióxido de Carbono/análise , Desenvolvimento Econômico , China , Federação Russa , Energia Renovável
9.
Global Health ; 20(1): 18, 2024 Mar 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38429808

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Globalization of platform work has become a challenge for wider social and employment relations and wellbeing of workers, yet on-location work remains governed also by local regulatory context. Understanding common challenges across countries and potential for regulatory measures is essential to enhance health and wellbeing of those who work in platform economy. Our comparative study on platform work analyzed concerns of Uber drivers in three cities with a different regulatory and policy context. METHODS: Drawing from current understanding on employment and precarity as social determinants of health we gathered comparative documentary and contextual data on regulatory environment complemented with key informant views of regulators, trade unions, and platform corporations (N = 26) to provide insight on the wider regulatory and policy environment. We used thematic semi-structured interviews to examine concerns of Uber drivers in Helsinki, St Petersburg, and London (N = 60). We then analysed the driver interviews to identify common and divergent concerns across countries. RESULTS: Our results indicate that worsening of working conditions is not inevitable and for drivers the terms of employment is a social determinant of health. Drivers compensated declining pay with longer working hours. Algorithmic surveillance as such was of less concern to drivers than power differences in relation to terms of work. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show scope for regulation of platform work especially for on-location work concerning pay, working hours, social security obligations, and practices of dismissal.


Assuntos
Emprego , Internacionalidade , Humanos , Cidades , Londres , Federação Russa
10.
JAMA Health Forum ; 5(3): e240031, 2024 Mar 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38457128

RESUMO

This Viewpoint discusses Russia's mandate that Ukrainian citizens adopt Russian nationality and acquire Russian passports as a precondition for gaining access to health care.


Assuntos
Etnicidade , Guerra , Humanos , Instalações de Saúde , Atenção à Saúde , Federação Russa
11.
Front Public Health ; 12: 1297862, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38347934

RESUMO

Introduction: Persons with a direct migration background made up a share of around 17% of the total German population in the year 2020. Not much is known about migration-related determinants of health-related quality of life (HrQoL) of persons with direct migration background. This study aimed to analyze the associations between HrQoL, sociodemographic, and migration-related characteristics of persons with direct migration background in Germany. Methods: The sample of this study was based on four waves (2014, 2016, 2018, and 2020) of the migration samples (M1 and M2) of the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP). The SF-12 was used to measure HrQoL using its mental (MCS) and physical (PCS) component summary scores. Missing information was replaced by multiple imputation by chained equations with predictive mean matching. Associations between HrQoL and sociodemographic and migration-related characteristics were examined using multilevel mixed-effects linear regressions. Results: The mean MCS and PCS scores of persons with direct migration background(n = 4,124) were 51.81 and 51.57, respectively. Being born in Russia was associated statistically significantly with a lower PCS score compared with non-east European and American/Oceanic countries. A longer period since migration to Germany was negatively associated with both MCS and PCS scores (both with p < 0.01). A steady relationship before migration was associated with a higher MCS score (+0.69, p = 0.017). Not feeling German and experiencing disadvantages due to origin were negatively associated with the MCS (both with p < 0.001). The oral ability in the German language was positively associated with the PCS score (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The time since migration to Germany, and the relationship status before migration may be determinants of HrQoL of persons with a direct migration background. Furthermore, connectedness with Germany, disadvantages due to origin and oral ability in the German language, representative of integration in Germany, can be potential determinants of HrQoL. Thus, integration of persons with migration background is crucial for their mental and physical HrQoL.


Assuntos
Qualidade de Vida , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Alemanha/epidemiologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Federação Russa
12.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ; 31(13): 19381-19395, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38358622

RESUMO

This study establishes a comprehensive suite of sanction indices and employs the time-varying vector autoregressive dynamic spillover index (TVP-VAR-DY) model, to examine the spillover effects of EU economic sanctions against Russia on oil prices and share prices of third-country energy companies, as well as takes China and the USA as examples for analysis. The findings indicate that sanctions targeting the energy sector are the primary drivers of volatility in oil prices and energy company stock prices. The impact on Chinese energy firms' stock prices is more pronounced, while the effects on their American counterparts are more enduring. The indirect impact of EU sanctions on Russia on China is greater than that of the USA. Both direct and indirect sanctions exhibit comparable spillover effects on oil and stock prices. Direct sanctions have better explanatory power for stock price fluctuations, while indirect sanctions have better explanatory power for oil price fluctuations.


Assuntos
Economia , Políticas , Política , China , União Europeia , Internacionalidade , Federação Russa , Estados Unidos
13.
J Environ Manage ; 352: 120001, 2024 Feb 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38219664

RESUMO

This paper analyses the impacts of trading partners' environmental regulation on the export volumes of the Russian regions, using panel data covering about 140,000 observations in 84 Russian regions and 204 countries for the period 2013-2020. We employ the Gravity Model of international trade and Heckman Sample Selection methodology, with the fixed effects and random effects Poisson Pseudo-Maximum Likelihood techniques to analyse two subsamples of the Russian regions with different shares of environmentally sensitive goods in regional exports. As a robustness check, we utilize the non-parametric Driscoll-Kraay approach. The results of the econometric estimation demonstrate that environmental regulations enhance the export of regions with a high share of environmentally sensitive goods in export structure, while for the rest of the regions the environmental regulations negatively affect export volumes. The promoting effect is associated with a higher level of innovativeness of the regions and the role of the global energy transition process. We conclude that the environmental agenda is a challenge for some Russian regional exporters due to the lack of own environmental regulation, and to the specific features of the commodity and geographic structure of exports. To transform the negative impact into the positive one for all Russian regions, policy measures are necessary on the federal, regional, and company levels, encompassing environmental regulations and green development strategies, along with innovation and cluster policies, and the development of human capital and infrastructure.


Assuntos
Comércio , Internacionalidade , Humanos , Desenvolvimento Econômico , Federação Russa , China
14.
Int J Health Econ Manag ; 24(1): 81-105, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37022649

RESUMO

The studies on the demand for healthcare in low- and middle-income countries rarely take into consideration the fact that many people spend their income on self-treatment and professional treatment. The estimation of the income elasticity of demand for self-treatment and professional treatment can show a more precise picture of the affordability of professional care. This paper contributes to the discussion around estimates of income elasticity of health spending and discussion whether professional care and self-treatment are close to a luxury good and inferior good respectively in a middle-income country. We apply the switching regression model to explain the choice between self-treatment and professional healthcare via estimates of the income elasticity. Estimates are made with the use of the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey - Higher School of Economics (RLMS-HSE), a nationally representative survey. While individual expenditure on professional treatment is higher than that on self-treatment, our estimates show that expenses on professional treatment can be income inelastic except when spending on medicines prescribed by a physician that are elastic. The results also indicate that cost of self-treatment is income elastic. In all cases, the considered income elasticities are statistically insignificant between professional and self-treatment.


Assuntos
Atenção à Saúde , Gastos em Saúde , Humanos , Instalações de Saúde , Renda , Federação Russa
15.
Am J Hum Biol ; 36(2): e23992, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37724980

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To study and analyze the impact of socio-economic factors on secular changes in height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) among Moscow's youth over the time interval from the late 19th-early 20th century to the present. METHODS: Anthropometric data, including height, weight, and BMI, were collected through surveys conducted on youths aged 17-20 years in Moscow from the 1880s for males and from the 1920s for females to the present. The dataset includes information on 6434 individuals surveyed from 2000 to 2019, as well as previously published mean values. Economic development indicators, such as gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, monthly average income per capita, and the Gini coefficient, were examined to analyze the association between secular trends in body size and socio-economic conditions. RESULTS: A positive secular trend in height and weight has been observed among Moscow's youth from the early 20th century to the present. Substantial increases in height occurred during the second half of the previous century, stabilizing in the 2000s. Over the analyzed period, both average body weight and BMI values showed a consistent rise. The pattern for BMI exhibited a U-shaped trend, with a decline from the 1970s to the mid-1990s, followed by a subsequent increase. Strong correlations were found between the secular changes in body size among Moscow's youth and temporal fluctuations in key socio-economic indicators, including GDP per capita, monthly average income per capita, and the Gini coefficient. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates the significant influence of socio-economic conditions on intergenerational changes in body size, as evidenced by the positive secular trend in physique indicators (height, weight, and BMI) among Moscow's youth.


Assuntos
Estatura , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Humanos , Índice de Massa Corporal , Tamanho Corporal , Antropometria , Federação Russa , Peso Corporal
16.
Am J Hypertens ; 37(1): 77-84, 2024 Jan 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37696678

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and its modified version (CAVI0) are promising non-invasive markers of arterial stiffness, extensively evaluated primarily in the Japanese population. In this work, we performed a model-based analysis of the association between different population characteristics and CAVI or CAVI0 values in healthy Russian subjects and propose a tool for calculating the range of reference values for both types of indices. METHODS: The analysis was based on the data from 742 healthy volunteers (mean age 30.4 years; 73.45% men) collected from a multicenter observational study. Basic statistical analysis [analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation (r), significance tests] and multivariable linear regression were performed in R software (version 4.0.2). Tested covariates included age, sex, BMI, blood pressure, and heart rate (HR). RESULTS: No statistically significant difference between healthy men and women were observed for CAVI and CAVI0. In contrast, both indices were positively associated with age (r = 0.49 and r = 0.43, P < 0.001), however, with no clear distinction between subjects of 20-30 and 30-40 years old. Heart rate and blood pressure were also identified as statistically significant predictors following multiple linear regression modeling, but with marginal clinical significance. Finally, the algorithm for the calculation of the expected ranges of CAVI in healthy population was proposed, for a given age category, HR and pulse pressure (PP) values. CONCLUSIONS: We have evaluated the quantitative association between various population characteristics, CAVI, and CAVI0 values and established a method for estimating the subject-level reference CAVI and CAVI0 measurements.


Assuntos
Benchmarking , Rigidez Vascular , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Valores de Referência , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Índice Vascular Coração-Tornozelo , Rigidez Vascular/fisiologia , Federação Russa
17.
Health (London) ; 28(1): 108-125, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35913030

RESUMO

In the contemporary world pharmaceuticals have become a go-to answer to a growing number of questions. This process of pharmaceuticalization gives rise to a concern with the increasing influence of the pharmaceutical industry on physicians' decision-making. Critics suggest that companies' for-profit-interests might compromise the integrity of medical practice. This article employs qualitative research methodology to explore how Russian physicians deal with the industry's efforts to expand and shape the use of pharmaceuticals. By bridging perspectives of social studies of science and sociology of professions, we offer a contextualized account of physicians' daily practices and interpretations related to pharmaceuticalization. The findings question conventional assumptions of physician-industry relations and allow to delineate a new form of medical professionalism that emerges in the context of pharmaceuticalization and cannot be reduced to either "resisting" industry marketing activities or "giving in" to them and thus corrupting biomedical expertise. Instead, the ways in which physicians navigate abundant sources of knowledge and use industry resources to overcome constraints of their organizational environment attest to mundane forms of agency exercised by physicians in their relations with industry.


Assuntos
Médicos , Humanos , Indústria Farmacêutica , Marketing , Federação Russa , Preparações Farmacêuticas
18.
J Environ Manage ; 351: 119881, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38150925

RESUMO

In today's world, where economic development and environmental sustainability are becoming increasingly important aspects of national strategy, attention to the impact of different economic sectors on climate change is becoming an integral part of scientific research. This article focuses on analyzing the impact of primary and secondary economic sectors development on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions at the sub-national level in Russia from 2005 to 2019. The aim of the study is to provide an in-depth understanding of the relationships between the dynamics of these sectors and CO2 emission levels in different regions of the country. Weighted regression and panel data methods were applied to better identify the patterns of the impact. The results show that the size of population and electricity consumption have the highest impact on CO2 emissions. So that, the expansion of nuclear and gas generation capacity, as well as significant improvement of energy efficiency, are of crucial importance to reduce the emissions. Other sectors have a heterogeneous impact and requires more differential approaches, considering the specifics of regions. Taking into account the significant differences between the Russian constituent entities, this paper emphasizes the low informativeness of assessments at the national level and their inadequacy in terms of improving the efficiency of domestic management, including decarbonization policies.


Assuntos
Dióxido de Carbono , Desenvolvimento Econômico , Dióxido de Carbono/análise , Indústrias , Mudança Climática , Federação Russa
19.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ; 31(4): 5086-5099, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38114703

RESUMO

Renewable energy tokens allow investors to diversify their portfolios while supporting renewable energy projects. While renewable energy tokens and renewable energy stocks are different investment instruments with different characteristics, there can be important links between them, as both offer the opportunity to invest in renewable energy sources. The aim of the study is to investigate the return connectedness between renewable energy tokens and renewable energy stock indices. EWT, PWR, SNC, and WPR are used to represent renewable energy tokens, and WilderHill Clean Energy Index, S&P Global Clean Energy Index, and European Renewable Energy Index indices are used to represent renewable energy stock markets. In the study, return connectedness between assets is investigated with the QVAR model. The return spillovers between renewable energy tokens and renewable energy stock indices show that they vary under different market conditions. Under normal market conditions, renewable energy tokens and renewable energy indices are significantly unconnected. During extreme market downturns and upturns, the return interconnectedness among these assets significantly increases. Moreover, the return spillovers between renewable energy tokens and renewable energy stock indices are asymmetric and time-varying. The return connectedness between these assets is affected by extreme events such as COVID-19, the Russia-Ukraine war, and the collapse of the cryptocurrency market. Since the net return spillover relationships between assets are time-varying and under different market conditions, investors and portfolio managers should constantly review the net return spillovers between assets and adjust their positions accordingly.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Humanos , Investimentos em Saúde , Energia Renovável , Federação Russa , Ucrânia
20.
Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med ; 31(Special Issue 2): 1213-1218, 2023 Oct.
Artigo em Russo | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38069888

RESUMO

The digital transformation of healthcare is an integral part of the priorities in modern healthcare. A striking example of the practical implementation of compliance with the basic principles of digital healthcare is the Healthy Moscow project, which has been implemented since 2021, which has become a real breakthrough in Russia in ensuring accessibility and convenience in providing medical care to the population. The aim of the project is the early prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases, the formation of a healthy lifestyle and the improvement of the well-being of Moscow residents, as well as the development of a conscious attitude to taking care of their health. Pavilions in the park areas of Moscow are an integral part of the modern medical infrastructure, providing convenient conditions for obtaining medical advice and information. The article provides information on the types of digital technologies and basic equipment that the pavilions (large and small) are equipped with as part of the Healthy Moscow project, it is shown that the introduction of digital healthcare technologies is one of the key tasks of the national strategy of Russia, which contributes significantly contribution to the successful implementation of the Healthy Moscow project.


Assuntos
Atenção à Saúde , Tecnologia Digital , Moscou , Federação Russa , Nível de Saúde
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