[Analysis of early diagnosis and prevention techniques for occupational pneumoconiosis based on patent perspectives in China's coal industry].

Occupational pneumoconiosis in the coal industry is an occupational disease that seriously endangers coal miners' health. Early diagnosis and prevention techniques are significant in controlling its incidence rate and reducing its harm. This article takes the patent data related to the early diagnosis and prevention of occupational pneumoconiosis in the coal industry, published from 1985 to 2021, as the research object. It uses tools such as the Derwent Data Analyzer (DDA) software, the Patyee Database, and the PatSnap Database to analyze the technological development trend and characteristics in this field from aspects of growth trend, primary patent holders, IPC classification layout, value, and research and development hotspots. The results show that the number of patent applications in this field indicates a rapid growth trend, mainly in the hands of Shandong Energy Group Co. Ltd., Shandong University of Science and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, and other institutions or enterprises. Patent technology mainly involves spray dust reduction, dust removal fans, dust masks, and other aspects with high patent value and innovation ability. This article provides a new perspective and reference for preventing, diagnosing, and treating occupational pneumoconiosis in the coal industry.

Integrated Evaluation of Financial Risk in Coal Industry Restructuring: A Model of Linear Regression and PCA.

Aiming at the integrated evaluation problem of financial risk in coal industry restructuring, a model of linear regression and PCA is put forward. This paper studies the univariate correlation and multivariable mixed correlation between the main business income and the book value of fixed assets and nonfixed assets in the statements of coal listed companies and gives the correlation function between the variables by using a variety of univariate linear, univariate nonlinear, and binary linear regression methods. It also points out that the coal enterprises in China are basically in the stage of increasing scale income at the present stage and can continue to achieve rapid increase in profits through mergers and acquisitions and other expansion methods. At the same time, it is also concluded that nonfixed assets, namely, intangible assets and human capital, contribute more to the main business income of coal enterprises in China, which objectively proves the correctness of our thinking of developing knowledge economy.

Online evaluation method of coal mine comprehensive level based on FCE.

An online evaluation method of coal mine comprehensive level based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation method (FCE) is proposed. Firstly, following the principles of fairness, systematicness and hierarchy, taking research and development, production, sales, finance, safety and management as the first level indicators, a set of multi-level evaluation indicator system of coal mine comprehensive level combining objective and subjective evaluation indicators is established. Secondly, according to the characteristics of the indicator system, the specific process of FCE of coal mine comprehensive level is given. Then, taking SQL Server as the database management system and C#.NET as the development language, a set of B/S structure online evaluation system of coal mine comprehensive level based on FCE is designed and developed. Finally, the proposed method is applied to Coal group PM for test. The application shows that the method proposed can provide an efficient and convenient online evaluation platform to evaluate the comprehensive level of coal mines for the Coal group, and the horizontal and longitudinal comparison of the evaluation results can urge the coal mines to maintain their advantages and avoid their disadvantages, which is of some significance for improving the overall competitiveness of the Coal group.

[Correlation analysis of newly diagnosed coal worker's pneumoconiosis and GDP in Hubei Province from 2006 to 2015].

Objective: To analysis the distribution characteristics of coal worker's pneumoconiosis in Hubei Province during 2006-2010 (the 11th Five-Year Plan period) and 2011-2015 (the 12th Five-Year Plan period) , and its correlation with the gross domestic product (GDP) of Hubei Province from 1986 to 2015. Methods: In September 2019, the data of newly diagnosed coal worker's pneumoconiosis reported in Occupational Disease and Occupational Health Information Monitoring System from 2006 to 2015 and the GDP data from 1986 to 2015 in Hubei Province were collected. The distribution characteristics of time, region, enterprise size, industry and economic type of coal-worker's pneumoconiosis and its correlation with GDP were analyzed. Results: In 2006-2015, 3807 new cases of coal worker's pneumoconiosis were reported in Hubei Province. The time distribution generally ascended as a wave trend. The number of new cases reached its peak in 2013 (722 cases) . GDP growth continued between 1986-1995, 1996-2005 and 2006-2015, especially in 2006-2015. New cases of coal worker's pneumoconiosis were mainly distributed in Huangshi city, Yichang city and Enshi prefecture, accounting for 82.40% (3137/3807) of the total cases. The proportion of new cases in Huangshi city was higher than that in Yichang city and Enshi prefecture (χ(2)=272.66, 243.19, P<0.05) . New cases were mainly distributed in coal mining industry (3103 cases, 81.51%) , small-sized and medium (1675 cases, 44.00%) , and private enterprises (1621 cases, 42.58%) . The rank correlation (r(s)) of coal worker's pneumoconiosis in 2006-2015 with GDP in1986-1995, 1996-2005 and 2006-2015 were 0.157, 0.144, 0.200, respectively, and there were no significant differences (P>0.05) . Conclusion: The coalworker's pneumoconiosis in Hubei Province are mostly distributed in small and medium-sized private enterprises, and the regional distribution is concentrated in Huangshi city, Yichang city and Enshi prefecture. The concentration of cases is closely related to the number and energy production of local coal mines. There is no correlation between the growth of GDP and the distribution of cases.

How does vertical integration promote innovation corporate social responsibility (ICSR) in the coal industry? A multiple-step multiple mediator model.

This paper aims to demonstrate the impact of coal enterprises' vertical integration on the performance of innovation corporate social responsibility (ICSR) and to elaborate its specific transmission path through financing structure and market power. This paper takes the data of A-share listed coal company from 2008 to 2017 as samples, uses input-output table method to measure the degree of vertical integration, and explores the relationship between the four factors through multiple linear regression and Bootstrap method. We found that: (1) the vertical integration of coal enterprises has positive incentives for the promotion of ICSR. (2) Financing structure and market power play a chain intermediary role in this process of incentive. (3) In areas with high marketization process, vertical integration has more significant incentive effect on ICSR. The paper extends the research on the relationship between vertical integration and innovation, which provides a reference for the improvement of China's supply-side reform and corporate social responsibility (CSR) fulfillment policy. It is helpful to promote the sustainable development of the coal industry, stimulate the innovation vitality of enterprises, and improve the fulfillment of CSR.

Comprehensive evaluation on low-carbon development of coal enterprise groups.

Scientifically evaluating the level of low-carbon development in terms of theoretical and practical significance is extremely important to coal enterprise groups for implementing national energy-related systems. This assessment can assist in building institutional mechanisms that are conducive for the economic development of coal business cycle and energy conservation as well as promoting the healthy development of coal enterprises to realize coal scientific development and resource utilization. First, by adopting systematic analysis method, this study builds low-carbon development evaluation index system for coal enterprise groups. Second, to determine the weight serving as guideline and criteria of the index, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is applied using integrated linear weighted sum method to evaluate the level of low-carbon development of coal enterprise groups. Evaluation is also performed by coal enterprise groups, and the process comprises field analysis and evaluation. Finally, industrial policies are proposed regarding the development of low-carbon coal conglomerate strategies and measures. This study aims mainly to guide the low-carbon development of coal enterprise groups, solve the problem of coal mining and the destruction of ecological environment, support the conservation of raw materials and various resources, and achieve the sustainable development of the coal industry.

[Occupational health risk assessment of coal dust in coal industry chain].

Objective: To grasp the present situation of occupational hazards of coal dust in our country, understand our country coal dust workers' occupational health risks, provide information based on evidence and analysis for the government and organize to effectively deal with the current status of high coal workers pneumoconiosis incidence in China, and protect coal dust workers' occupational health. Methods: The research object is the " mining-transportation-use" of coal industrial chain, referring to 33 units. Use field investigation to obtain the coal dust exposure, dust prevention measures and the occupational health data of study object. Use quantitative evaluation method of International council on mining and metals occupational health risk assessment model (ICMM method) and occupational hazard risk index method (index method) , with coal workers pneumoconiosis as health outcomes, to evaluate the coal dust occupational health risks of coal industrial chain. Results: The free silica content of partial coal dust in China is more than 10%, and even to 19.5%. coal dust concentration in workplaces, such as excavating system of dust coal mining (total dust: 22.1~46.5 mg/m(3), respiratory dust: 8.4~17.7 mg/m(3)) , dumper (total dust: 25.2 mg/m(3), respiratory dust: 6.9 mg/m(3)) , transfer tower (total dust: 35.4 mg/m(3)) of coal transportation and belt coal plough device of coal use (total dust: 36.3 mg/m(3), respiratory dust: 14.0 mg/m(3)) , are much higher than those in other workplaces, and coal dust concentration of workers in these places (2.6~9.3 mg/m(3)) are much higher than those in other places, which are statistically significant. ICMM method evaluation results show that the risk value of excavating system is between 504~1 089, and the risk value of comprehensive mining system is between 347~2 040, which are far statistically significant higher than that of other systems. Index method evaluation results (excavating system risk value between 3.1~9.7, fully mechanized system risk value between 3.7~9.3) , are basically identical with ICMM method (correlation coefficient r=0.857, P<0.01) . The new cases of coal worker pneumoconiosis are distributed in three post of coal mining, excavating and coal mine mixing. Conclusion: Coal-dust hazards are widely distributed in the coal "mining, transportation, and use" industrial chain, which of the underground coal mine is as serious as intolerable, meanwhile the risk of other industrial chain is basically can tolerable. The high coal dust concentration and the high risk of coal dust occupational hazard are concentrated in the excavating system and the comprehensive mining system. It is recommended to start the study on risk assessment and risk response of coal dust health hazard at the national level, and the occupational exposure limit of coal dust should be established according to the content of free silica.

Research on Occupational Safety, Health Management and Risk Control Technology in Coal Mines.

This paper studies the occupational safety and health management methods as well as risk control technology associated with the coal mining industry, including daily management of occupational safety and health, identification and assessment of risks, early warning and dynamic monitoring of risks, etc.; also, a B/S mode software (Geting Coal Mine, Jining, Shandong, China), i.e., Coal Mine Occupational Safety and Health Management and Risk Control System, is developed to attain the aforementioned objectives, namely promoting the coal mine occupational safety and health management based on early warning and dynamic monitoring of risks. Furthermore, the practical effectiveness and the associated pattern for applying this software package to coal mining is analyzed. The study indicates that the presently developed coal mine occupational safety and health management and risk control technology and the associated software can support the occupational safety and health management efforts in coal mines in a standardized and effective manner. It can also control the accident risks scientifically and effectively; its effective implementation can further improve the coal mine occupational safety and health management mechanism, and further enhance the risk management approaches. Besides, its implementation indicates that the occupational safety and health management and risk control technology has been established based on a benign cycle involving dynamic feedback and scientific development, which can provide a reliable assurance to the safe operation of coal mines.

Estimated economic costs of coal workers' pneumoconiosis among coal workers redeployed from the Fuxin mining group in China.

Our research estimated the economic costs of possible cases of coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) among redeployed coal workers from the Fuxin Mining Industry Group. The study cohort included 19,116 coal workers between 1965 and 2012. We estimated direct and indirect economic costs due to possible current and future CWP cases among redeployed coal workers. We found as of 2012 that 141 possible CWP cases might have resulted in economic costs of $37.52 million ($33.84 million were direct and $3.68 million indirect). Moreover, 221 possible future CWP cases would result in economic costs of $63.89 million ($57.20 million direct and $6.69 million indirect). Neither the Fuxin Mining Industry Group nor Fuxin could cover the costs of CWP screening and diagnosis, or social security payments for redeployed coal workers. We suggest that China's national government help Liaoning Province and Fuxin focus on health care and social security.

Crowding-out effect of coal industry investment in coal mining area: taking Shanxi province in China as a case.

The rapid development of coal industry in Shanxi province in China has important effects on its economic development. A large amount of money has been invested into the coal industry and other related industries during the recent years. However, research on the investment effect of Shanxi's coal industry was rare. In order to analyze the investment effect of coal industry, based on the crowding-out effect model, cointegration test, and the data available in Shanxi Statistical Yearbooks, this paper calculates the effect between coal industry investment and other 17 industry investment. The results show that the investment of coal industry produces crowding-out effect on food industry, building materials industry, and machinery industry. Increasing 1% of the coal industry investment can reduce 0.25% of the food industry investment, or 0.6% of building materials industry investment, or 0.52% of the machinery industry investment, which implies that Shanxi province should adjust coal industrial structure, promote the balance development of coal industry and other industries, so as to promote its economic growth.

[Study on application of two risk assessment methods in coal dust occupational health risk assessment].

Objective: To evaluate the applicability of quantitative grading method (GBZ/T 229.1-2010) and occupational hazard risk index method in coal dust occupational health risk assessment. Methods: Taking 4 coal mines as the research object of risk assessment and making occupational health field testing and investigation. Based on two risk assessment methods, we analysed the health risk levels of 20 occupations which were exposed to coal dust in workplaces. Results: Coal dust working post had different risk levels in 4 coal mines, the post of higher risk level were mainly concentrated in the underground workplace of coal mine, especially the post of coal mining and tunneling system. The two risk assessment results showed that the risk levels of coal-mining machine drivers and tunneling machine drivers were the highest. The risk levels of coal dust working post used by two risk assessment methods had no significant difference (P>0.05) and were highly correlated (r=0.821, P<0.001) . Evaluation results of two risk assessment methods were supported by the field investigation and literatures. Conclusion: The two risk assessment methods can be used in coal dust occupational health risk assessment.

[Analysis of colliery migrant workers quality of life and its influential factors].

OBJECTIVE: To study colliery migrant workers' quality of life and related influential factors. METHODS: By multi-stage random sampling, 1161 colliery migrant workers were collected and assessed with the SF-36 and the self-made questionnaires. Multiple covariance and optimal scaling regression statistical methods were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Physiological and mental health filed of colliery migrant workers, the physical functioning (PF), role-physical (RP), bodily pain (BP), general health (GH) and vitality (VT) score of those colliery migrant workers whose working age was less than 5 years higher than those over 10 years. The PF, RP, BP, GH, mental health (MH), VT and SF based within the health group, resulted in a higher score, compared to those who suffer from chronic diseases. The RP, GH and social functioning (SF) based within the mild labor intensity, resulted in a higher score, compared to those who severe labor intensity. The PF and RE based within the non-initial coal mine work, resulted in a higher score, compared to those who initial coal mine work. The PF, BP and VT based within the pre-employment physical examination, resulted in a higher score, compared to those who non pre-employment physical examination. The MH based within the smoking, resulted in a higher score, compared to those who no smoking. These differences were statistical significance (P < 0.05). Multiple factors analysis showed that working age (F = 19.26, P < 0.01), chronic diseases (F = 13.89, P < 0.01) and initial coal mine work (F = 8.48, P < 0.01) were the influential factors of physical component summary (PCS). Labor intensity (F = 5.90, P < 0.01), smoking (F = 10.45, P < 0.01) and chronic diseases (F = 7.91, P < 0.01) were the influential factors of mental component summary (MCS). CONCLUSION: There are some difference in individual characteristics (e. g. working age). Working age, chronic diseases, initial coal mine work, labor intensity, smoking are the influential factors for quality of life.

The Impact of Economic Conditions on Participation in Disability Programs: Evidence from the Coal Boom and Bust.

We examine the impact of the coal boom of the 1970's and the coal bust of the 1980's on disability program participation. These shocks provide clear evidence that as the value of labor-market participation increases, disability program participation falls. For the Disability Insurance program, the elasticity of payments with respect to local earnings is between -0.3 and -0.4 and for Supplemental Security Income the elasticity is between -0.4 and -0.7. Consistent with a model where qualifying for disability programs is costly, the relationship between economic conditions and program participation is much stronger for permanent than for transitory economic shocks.

Carvão fóssil / fossil coal

A história do carvão fóssil no Brasil tem início em 1795 (primeira descoberta), mas somente a partir da Segunda Guerra Mundial passa a adquirir status de indústria moderna. De 1970 em diante têm lugar trabalhos de pesquisa geológica sob bases técnicas adequadas que mudaram o panorama do conhecimento de nossos depósitos. Há oito grandes jazidas e diversas menores no Brasil, sendo que 88 por cento dos recursos estão no Rio Grande do Sul. Os parâmetros geométricos e físico-químicos são conceituados e apresentados para os principais depósitos. As reservas mundiais de carvão são cerca de quatro vezes superiores às de seus principais concorrentes: petróleo e gás natural, além de terem distribuição geográfica mais desconcentrada. O maior consumo de carvão nacional está na termoeletricidade; outros consumidores são a indústria cimenteira, petroquímica, papel e celulose, alimentos e cerâmica. A siderurgia, que já foi grande consumidora, hoje depende inteiramente de importações. O balanço de exportações/importações mostra um déficit de US$ 807 milhões, sendo o segundo produto na pauta de importações. Mais do que a insuficiência de recursos, constata-se serem as dificuldades na indústria carbonífera devidas a erros de planejamento, de caráter técnico e político, tornando-se necessário, portanto, resolver os problemas pendentes do passado antes de projetar novos empreendimentos.

Although the history of the Brazilian fossil coal started in 1975, when it first was discovered, it was only after the II World War that it began to reach the status of a modern industry. Since 1970 a proper geological exploration has improved the knowledge on coal deposits. There are eight large coal fields and several minor ones in the country, most of them (88 percent) in the Rio Grande do Sul state. The geometric and physicochemical parameters of the main deposits are defined and presented in this paper. The world coal reserves correspond to about four times those of its major concurrents: oil and natural gas, and they have a better geographical spread. Thermoelectricity uses most of the Brazilian coal; cement, petrochemical, paper and cellulose plants as well as food and ceramic industries are usual consumers. The steel manufacturing industry was an important consumer in a recent past, but nowadays it totally relies on the imported coal. Brazil's balance of trade in 1996 showed a deficit of US$ 807 million and coal is the second commodity of the country's imports. More than a lack of money, the main difficulties of the coal industry were due to a technical and political misplanning that is indispensable to correct, before projecting new enterprises.