The Gender Wage Gap Among Early-Career Family Physicians.

PURPOSE: Numerous studies have documented salary differences between male and female physicians. For many specialties, this wage gap has been explored by controlling for measurable factors that influence pay such as productivity, work-life balance, and practice patterns. In family medicine where practice activities differ widely between physicians, it is important to understand what measurable factors may be contributing to the gender wage gap, so that employers and policymakers and can address unjust disparities. METHODS: We used data from the 2017 to 2020 American Board of Family Medicine (ABFM) National Graduate Survey (NGS) which is administered to family physicians 3 years after residency (n = 8608; response rate = 63.9%, 56.2% female). The survey collects clinical income and practice patterns. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed, which included variables on hours worked, degree type, principal professional activity, rural/urban, and region. RESULTS: Although early-career family physician incomes averaged $225,278, female respondents reported incomes that were $43,566 (17%) lower than those of male respondents (P = .001). Generally, female respondents tended toward lower-earning principal professional activities and US regions; worked fewer hours (2.9 per week); and tended to work more frequently in urban settings. However, in adjusted models, this gap in income only fell to $31,804 (13% lower than male respondents, P = .001). CONCLUSION: Even after controlling for measurable factors such as hours worked, degree type, principal professional activity, population density, and region, a significant wage gap persists. Interventions should be taken to eliminate gender bias in wage determinations for family physicians.

Assessment of prevalence of sunscreen use and related practices among people living in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional survey-based study.

BACKGROUND: The use of sunscreen significantly reduces the risk of skin cancer and helps maintain skin health; however, improper use can decrease its effectiveness. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with sunscreen use in Saudi Arabia as well as identifying areas of weakness in sunscreen practices. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted with a diverse population sample in Saudi Arabia. Participants were asked about their sunscreen usage habits, motivations, and knowledge of proper application techniques. Demographic information, including age, gender, and skin type, were also collected. RESULTS: A total of 2321 individuals participated in the study. More than two-thirds of the participants reported using sunscreen either always, regularly, or often, primarily to maintain a light skin color and prevent skin cancer. Factors associated with sunscreen use included younger age (18-40 years old), female gender, history of sunburn, and fair skin. Despite the majority reporting healthy sun exposure habits, several shortcomings were identified in sunscreen practices, including incorrect application and suboptimal reapplication frequency. CONCLUSION: While sunscreen use is common among the study population, there is a need for improved education on proper application techniques. National awareness campaigns, especially those utilizing popular social media and digital platforms in Saudi Arabia, should focus on disseminating accurate sunscreen use guidelines to maximize sun protection and skin health.

Aspectos metodológicos de la Encuesta Nacional de Condiciones de Vida en Venezuela / Methodological aspects of the National Survey of Living Conditions in Venezuela

La presente revisión surge dada la importancia otorgada a la Encuesta Nacional de Condiciones de Vida (ENCOVI) de Venezuela, la edición de dicha encuesta proporciona información representativa de la situacióneconómica, social y de salud de los hogares del país. Los resultados de la encuesta permiten a investigadores y expertos analizar y comprender la magnitud de la crisis en sus diversos aspectos y sus efectos sobre la población y las condiciones de vida, lo que la convierte en una herramienta esencial para entender los problemas que enfrenta la población de Venezuela y la forma de abordarlos de manera efectiva. La ENCOVI proporciona información útil, no solo, a la sociedad civil y Organizaciones No Gubernamentales (ONGs), también a instituciones gubernamentales, al ser divulgada a través de medios de comunicación, aportando importantes insumos para el abordaje de los problemas públicos y los desafíos encada sector, permitiendo comprender las condiciones de vida en los hogares venezolanos. La investigación se basa en un diseño bibliográfico-documental, efectuando para ello 6 fases constituidas por: búsqueda, compilación, revisión, selección,organización y examen sistemático. El objetivo es describir aspectos metodológicos utilizados en la encuesta nacional de condiciones de vida desde el 2014 hasta el 2022.

The present review arises given the importance givento the National Survey of Living Conditions (ENCOVI) of Venezuela, the edition of said survey provides representative information on the economic, social and health situation ofhouseholds in the country. The results of the survey allowresearchers and experts to analyze and understand the magnitudeof the crisis in its various aspects and its effects on the populationand living conditions, which makes it an essential tool tounderstand the problems faced by the population. of Venezuelaand how to address them effectively. The ENCOVI providesuseful information, not only to civil society and NGOs, butalso to government institutions when disseminated throughthe media, providing important inputs for addressing publicproblems and challenges in each sector, allowing understandingof the conditions of life in Venezuelan homes. The research is based on a bibliographic-documentary design, carrying out6 phases consisting of: search, compilation, review, selection,organization and systematic review. The objective is to describemethodological aspects used in the national survey of livingconditions from 2014 to 2022.

A televigilância à saúde da pessoa idosa em tempos de pandemia da covid-19: uma avaliação da satisfação quanto aos cuidados de saúde / Telesurveillance for the health ofelderlypatientsduring the COVID-19 pandemic: ahealth care assessment satisfaction / La televigilancia a la salud del anciano entiempo de pandemiadel COVID-19: evaluación de la satisfacción conla atención ensalud

No cenário pandêmico do novo coronavírus, o uso de ferramentas tecnológicas por profissionais de saúde foi imprescindível e muito contribuiu na assistência ao público vulnerável. Com o intuito de evitar a exposição da pessoa idosa ao coronavírus e monitorá-la quanto ao seu estado de saúde, um projeto de telemonotiramento foi desenvolvido. Objetivo:Esse estudo visou avaliar a satisfação dos idosos monitorados pelo serviço de televigilância durante a pandemia da COVID-19 no município de Natal/RN.Metodologia:Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, com amostragem de 719 idosos avaliados, considerando uma média de 35 idosos por unidade básica de saúde, dentre as 21 unidades básicas vinculadas ao projeto, de 25 de novembro de 2020 a 10 de dezembro de 2020.Resultados:Entre os 376 idosos participantes,238eramdo sexo feminino (63,3%), com idade média de 69 anos. Dentre os partícipes, consideraram satisfeitos quanto ao acesso à informação acerca da COVID-19 (89,6%), orientação aos cuidados (90,7%), acolhimento (90,2%). Quanto à satisfação, (67,6%) consideraram o telemonitoramento responsável pela aproximação entre idosos e unidades básicas. Conclusões:Foi alta a satisfação dos idosos acompanhados pelo serviço de televigilância, na medida que se sentiram acolhidos, bem informados e cuidados pelas equipes de saúde das unidades básicas. Dessa forma, a longitudinalidade da atenção, uma atribuição essencial da Estratégia de Saúde da Família, foi mantida pelo trabalho da televigilância (AU).

In the pandemic scenario of the new coronavirus, the use of technological tools by health professionals was essential and contributed greatlyto the assistance of the vulnerable public. In order to avoid the exposure of the elderly person to the coronavirus and monitor them regarding their health status, a telemonitoringproject was developed.Objective:This research aimed at evaluatingthe satisfaction of the elderly monitored by the telesurveillance service during the COVID-19 pandemic in the city of Natal/RN. Methodology:This is a descriptive study, with a sample of 719 elderly people evaluated, considering an average of 35 elderly people per basic health unit, among the 21 basic units linked to the project, from November 25, 2020 to December 10, 2020.Results:Among the 376 elderly participants, 238 were female (63,3%), with an average age of 69 years. The participants considered the access to information about COVID-19(89,6%), care guidance (90,7%), reception (90,2%)satisfactory. As for satisfaction, (67,6%) the participants also considered telemonitoring responsible for bringing the elderly closer to health units.Conclusions:Thesatisfaction from the elderly was enormous. They were accompanied by surveillance service and as they felt welcomed, well-informed and taken care by the basic health service caretakers. This way, the longitudinality of attention, an essential attribution of Family Health Strategy, was maintained by the surveillance service (AU).

En el escenario de pandemia delnuevo coronavirus, el uso de herramientas tecnológicas por parte de los profesionales de la salud fue fundamental y contribuyó en gran medida a la asistencia al público vulnerable. Con el objetivo de evitar la exposición dela persona mayor al coronavirusy monitorear su estado de salud, se desarrolló un proyecto de telemonitoreo.Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la satisfacción de los ancianos monitoreados por el servicio de televigilancia durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en la ciudad de Natal/RN.Metodología: Este es unestudio descriptivo, con una muestra de 719 ancianos evaluados, considerando un promedio de 35 ancianos por unidad básica de salud, entre las 21 unidades básicas vinculadas al proyecto, del 25 de noviembre de 2020 al 10 de diciembre de 2020.Resultados: Entre los 376 ancianos participantes,238 eran mujeres (63,3%), con una edad media de 69 años. Entre los participantes,consideraron satisfecho el acceso a la información sobre la COVID-19 (89,9%), la orientación asistencial (90,7%), la recepción (90,2%). En cuanto a la satisfacción, (67,6%) consideró al teleseguimiento responsable de acercar a los ancianos a las unidades básicas. Conclusiones: La satisfacción de los ancianos por el servicio de telemonitoreo fue elevada, una vez que se sintieron acogidos, bien informados y asistidos por los equipos de salud de las unidades básicas. De esa manera, la atención longitudinal, una atribución esencial de la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia, se mantuvo por el trabajo del telemonitoreo (AU).

Perfil de serviços públicos que realizam avaliação do frênulo lingual em neonatos no Rio Grande do Norte / Profile of health services that assessthelingual frenulum of newborns in public and maternity hospitals of Rio Grande do Norte state / Perfil de servicios que realizanevaluación del frenillo lingual en neonatos en hospitales públicos y maternidades del estado de Rio Grande do Norte

Introdução:A anquiloglossia é caracterizada pela alteração do frênulo lingual resultando na restrição dos movimentos da língua. A avaliação do frênulo lingual em neonatos é importante para diagnosticar precocemente essa alteração. Objetivo:Traçar perfil de serviços que realizam avaliação do frênulo lingual em neonatos nos hospitais e maternidades públicas do estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Metodologia:Trata-se de um estudo observacional, descritivo e transversal, com abordagem quantitativa. Foram incluídos na pesquisa as maternidades públicas e filantrópicas do estadoque realizam procedimentos obstétricos e assistência materno-infantil. As informações acerca da avaliação do frênulo lingual em neonatos e caracterização desses serviços foram coletadas por meio de um questionário eletrônico. Os dados foram armazenados em planilhas no Excel e analisados através do programa estatístico SPSS versão 23.0, em queforam conduzidas análises das variáveis investigadas.Resultados:Participaram do estudo 23 hospitais e maternidades públicas do estado, econstatou-se que apenas 7 (30,44%) ofertam a avaliação do frênulo lingual em neonatos no próprio estabelecimento, enquantoas demais encaminham para outros serviços. O exame foi implantado nas maternidades entre os anos de 2014 e 2018. A quantidade de profissionais que realizam esta avaliação variou entre 1 e 9 por instituição, e os profissionais envolvidos foram os fonoaudiólogos e cirurgiões-dentistas. A prevalência da anquiloglossia variou de 3,7% a 14,5%. A maioria das maternidades realizam a frenotomia e o profissional que executa é o médico ou cirurgião-dentista.Conclusões:Constatou-se uma baixa oferta da avaliação do frênulo lingual em neonatos no próprio estabelecimento de nascimento. Além disso, essa oferta ainda não acontece de forma universal, principalmente no interior do estado (AU).

Introduction:Ankyloglossia is characterized by alterations in the lingual frenulum resulting in restricted tongue movements. Assessing the lingual frenulum in newborns is important for early diagnosis of this disorder. Objective:Describe the profile of health servicesthat assess the lingual frenulum of newborns in public and maternity hospitals of Rio Grande do Norte state. Methodology:This is a cross-sectional descriptive study using a quantitative approach. Included in the research were public and philanthropic maternity hospitals in statethat perform obstetric procedures and provide maternal and child care. The information about lingual frenulum assessment in newborns and characterization of these health services was collected via an electronic questionnaire. The data were stored in Excel spreadsheets and analyzed using the SPSS version 23.0 program, where analyses of the variables investigated were carried out. Results:A total of 23 public and maternity hospitalsparticipated, only 7 of which (30.44%) assessed the lingual frenulum of newborns on site, while the others referred them to other medical facilities. The examination was implemented in maternity hospitals between 2014 and 2018. The number of professionals who performed this assessment varied between 1 and 9 per institution, and included speech therapists, and dentists. The prevalence of ankyloglossia ranged from 3.7 to 14.5%. Most of the maternity hospitals performed frenotomy, where the procedure was conducted by a doctor or dentist. Conclusions:On-site lingual frenulum assessment of newborns was low in the institutions, and does not occur universally, mainly in the rural areas of the state (AU).

Introducción: La anquiloglosia se caracteriza por la alteración del frenillo lingual que resulta en la restricción de los movimientos de la lengua. La evaluación del frenillo lingual en neonatos es importante para un diagnóstico precoz de este trastorno.Objetivo: Delinear un perfil de servicios que realizanevaluación del frenillo lingual en neonatos en hospitales públicos y maternidades del estado de Rio Grande do Norte.Metodología: Se trata de un estudio observacional y transversal con enfoque cuantitativo. Se incluyeron en la investigación las maternidades públicas y filantrópicas del estadoque realizan procedimientos obstétricos y de atención materno-infantil. La información sobre la evaluación del frenillo lingual en neonatos y la caracterización de estos servicios fui recogido por medio de un cuestionario electrónico. Los datos fueron almacenados en hojas Excel y analizados utilizando el programa estadístico SPSSversión 23.0, donde se realizaron análisis de las variables investigadas. Resultados: Un total de 23 hospitales públicos y maternidades participaron del estudio, en el que se constató que solo 7 (30,44%) evalúan el frenillo lingual en neonatos en establecimiento propio, mientras los demás refieren a otros servicios. El examen se implementó en las maternidades entre 2014 y 2018. El número de profesionales que realizan esta evaluación varió entre 1 y 9 por institución, y los profesionales involucrados fueron terapeutas del habla y odontólogos. La prevalencia de anquiloglosia varió entre 3,7 y 14,5 %. La mayoría de las maternidades realizan la frenotomía y el profesional que la realiza es el médico u odontólogo. Conclusiones: Hubo una baja oferta de avaluación del frenillo lingual en neonatos en el propio establecimiento. Además, esta oferta aún no es universal, especialmente en el interior del estado (AU).

Perceived COVID-19 risk and testing experiences in the San Ysidro U.S./Mexico border region.

Racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 incidence are pronounced in underserved U.S./Mexico border communities. Working and living environments in these communities can lead to increased risk of COVID-19 infection and transmission, and this increased risk is exacerbated by lack of access to testing. As part of designing a community and culturally tailored COVID-19 testing program, we surveyed community members in the San Ysidro border region. The purpose of our study was to characterize knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of prenatal patients, prenatal caregivers, and pediatric caregivers at a Federally Qualified Health Center (FHQC) in the San Ysidro region regarding perceived risk of COVID-19 infection and access to testing. A cross-sectional survey was used to collect information on experiences accessing COVID-19 testing and perceived risk of COVID-19 infection within San Ysidro between December 29, 2020 and April 2, 2021. A total of 179 surveys were analyzed. Most participants identified as female (85%) and as Mexican/Mexican American (75%). Over half (56%) were between the age of 25 and 34 years old. Perceived Risk: 37% reported moderate to high risk of COVID-19 infection, whereas 50% reported their risk low to none. Testing Experience: Approximately 68% reported previously being tested for COVID-19. Among those tested, 97% reported having very easy or easy access to testing. Reasons for not testing included limited appointment availability, cost, not feeling sick, and concern about risk of infection while at a testing facility. This study is an important first step to understand the COVID-19 risk perceptions and testing access among patients and community members living near the U.S./Mexico border in San Ysidro, California.

COVID-19 testing strategies that fail to incorporate culturally competent methods to reach traditionally underserved communities can lead to persistent transmission and increased infection rates. During the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, we surveyed 179 people living in a community with high burden of COVID-19 infection about their perception of infection risk and their experiences accessing testing. Capturing and understanding these community perceptions on COVID-19 risk are vital when developing a testing program that is accessible and appropriate for the target population. In our study, we found half of survey respondents thought their risk of COVID-19 infection as low to none and over half of respondents stated they had already been tested for COVID-19. These findings provide insight to the beliefs of individuals who live and seek health care in communities with high rates of COVID-19 infection and will help guide the design and implementation of culturally tailored testing strategies.

Tabagismo no Brasil: percepções dos resultados de pesquisas domiciliares / Smoking in Brazil: insights from the results of the household surveys / Tabaquismo en Brasil: percepciones de los resultados de encuestas en hogares

Introdução: o uso do tabaco em suas diferentes formas continua a ser uma das principais causas de morte evitáveis no Brasil. Com uma história de sucesso notável, o Brasil alcançou uma das maiores reduções significativas na prevalência do tabagismo desde 1990. No entanto, é preocupante que a taxa de declínio do consumo de tabaco tenha diminuído nos últimos anos, conforme sugerem as pesquisas. Objetivos: o presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar os resultados de três pesquisas domiciliares realizadas pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Métodos: foi realizada a comparação da prevalência do uso de tabaco entre entrevistados com 18 anos ou mais, assim como foi avaliada a porcentagem de mudanças na prevalência entre 2008, 2013 e 2019, usando dados de três pesquisas: The Global Tobacco Adult Survey, do ano de 2008, e a Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Brasil, dos anos de 2013 e 2019. Além disso, analisamos a prevalência no Brasil e seus estados de acordo com idade, gênero, nível educacional e raça. Resultados: a prevalência do tabagismo ativo diminuiu 19% entre 2008 e 2013, passando de 18,2% (IC 95%: 17,7;18,7%), em 2008, para 14,7% (IC 95%: 14,2;15,2%), em 2013. No entanto, em 2019, a prevalência foi de 12,6% (IC 95%: 12,2;13,0%), revelando uma redução de 14,3%. O tabagismo foi maior entre a população com baixo nível de escolaridade, status de renda mais baixo e raça/cor da pele preta e parda. Conclusão: a prevalência do tabagismo diminuiu no Brasil nas últimas três décadas. No entanto, recentemente, houve uma redução na intensidade da queda, exigindo atenção e análise cuidadosa das estratégias de prevenção e abandono do tabagismo.(AU)

"We're all one bad day away": Impacts on Food Access in Buffalo, New York during the COVID-19 pandemic.

When COVID-19 arrived in Buffalo, New York in March 2020, there was already significant food insecurity in the region. However, barriers to food access were greatly exacerbated by the pandemic. This study assesses the pandemic's impact on food access in Buffalo through 75 surveys and 30 qualitative interviews conducted with users of food pantries. Results show that, while the pandemic did contribute to food insecurity, many food pantry users were already experiencing chronic food access issues. Specifically, issues related to transportation, stigma, and chronic poverty must be addressed for food insecure households to better endure emergency events like pandemics.

Atenção psicossocial a usuários de álcool e outras drogas: um estudo dos profissionais de um município sul-brasileiro / Psychosocial care for users of alcohol and other drugs: a study on professionals in a South-Brazilian municipality / Atención psicosocial para usuarios de alcohol y otras drogas: un estudio sobre profesionales de un municipio surbrasileño

Resumo: Este estudo objetivou identificar estratégias adotadas por profissionais atuantes na atenção básica à saúde, em um município da região Sul do Brasil, e analisar suas percepções sobre fatores dificultadores e facilitadores no cuidado a pessoas com necessidades decorrentes do uso de substâncias. Tratou-se de um estudo de abordagem predominantemente qualitativa. A amostra foi composta por 32 participantes para a obtenção de dados quantitativos e 11 para a coleta de dados qualitativos. Os dados foram analisados por meio da Análise de Conteúdo Temático-Categorial, mediante o uso do software NVivo 12. Os dados indicaram que as principais estratégias e fatores facilitadores foram o atendimento a demandas espontâneas, visita domiciliar, a família e o acolhimento. Em nível de intervenção, evidenciou-se a articulação dos serviços e redes de apoio, o matriciamento, o vínculo e a multidisciplinaridade e interprofissionalidade como possibilidades e potencialidades nos processos de trabalho. Quanto aos fatores dificultadores, verificou-se excesso de demandas, fragilidade de vínculo, estigma e preconceito, baixa adesão, centralização dos serviços, insuficiência de formação profissional, ausência de matriciamento, hegemonia do modelo biomédico e institucionalizante, e divergência entre políticas e práticas de cuidado. Espera-se que esses resultados possam contribuir para a formulação e efetivação de políticas e práticas de cuidado às pessoas que usam drogas.

Abstract: This study aimed to identify strategies adopted by professionals working in basic health care, in a municipality in the southern region of Brazil, and to analyze their perceptions about factors that are difficult and facilitating in caring for people with needs arising from the use of substances. This was a study with a predominantly qualitative approach. The sample consisted of 32 participants for quantitative data collection and 11 for qualitative data collection. The data were analyzed by means of the Thematic-Categorial Content Analysis, using the NVivo 12 software. The data indicated that the main facilitating strategies and factors were the attendance to spontaneous demands, home visits, family and reception. At the level of intervention, the articulation of support services and networks, matrix support, bond and multidisciplinarity and interprofessionality were evidenced as possibilities and potentialities in the work processes. As for the difficulty factors, there were excessive demands, fragility of bonds, stigma and prejudice, low adherence, centralization of services, insufficient professional training, lack of a matrix support, hegemony of the biomedical and institutionalized model, and divergence between care policies and practices. These results are expected to contribute to the formulation and implementation of policies and care practices for people who use drugs.

Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar estrategias adoptadas por los profesionales que trabajan en la atención básica de salud, en un municipio de la región sur de Brasil, y analizar sus percepciones sobre factores facilitadores y dificultadores en el cuidado de personas con necesidades derivadas del uso de sustancias. Fue un estudio con un enfoque predominantemente cualitativo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 32 participantes para la recolección de datos cuantitativos y 11 para la recolección de datos cualitativos. Los datos fueron analizados mediante el Análisis de Contenido Temático-Categórico, utilizando el software NVivo 12. Los datos indicaron que las principales estrategias y factores facilitadores fueron la asistencia a demandas espontáneas, visita domiciliar, familia y acogida. A nivel de intervención, se evidenció la articulación de servicios y redes de apoyo, matriciamento, vínculo y multidisciplinariedad e interprofesionalidad como posibilidades y potencialidades en los procesos de trabajo. En cuanto a los factores dificultadores, hubo exceso de demandas, fragilidad de los vínculos, estigma y prejuicio, baja adherencia, centralización de los servicios, insuficiente formación profesional, falta de matriciamento, hegemonía del modelo biomédico y de institucionalización, divergencia entre políticas y prácticas de cuidado. Se espera que estos resultados contribuyan a la formulación e implementación de políticas y prácticas de cuidado para las personas que usan drogas.

Avaliação da qualidade de vida de mulheres submetidas a Sling para incontinência urinária / Assessment of the quality of life of women undergoing Sling for urinary incontinence

Introdução: A incontinência urinária é caracterizada como a perda involuntária de urina, atingindo uma proporção de 2 mulheres para 1 homem. Aspectos psicológicos, sociais e sexuais são afetados pela incontinência urinária. Mulheres com essa condição apresentam-se deprimidas, angustiadas ou irritadas. O afastamento das atividades sociais pelo receio do estigma contribui para a procura tardia por auxílio. A avaliação do impacto na qualidade de vida em mulheres com incontinência urinária pode ser feita através de questionários validados. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o impacto do tratamento cirúrgico suburetral para incontinência urinária na qualidade de vida de pacientes atendidas no Ambulatório de Urologia do HSPM. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, prospectivo e retrospectivo envolvendo pacientes com mais de 18 anos e incontinência urinária de esforço submetida a tratamento cirúrgico por técnica suburetral. Foi aplicado o questionário Quality of Life in Persons with Urinary Incontinence (I-QoL), validado em língua portuguesa, no pré-operatório e 6 (seis) meses após a cirurgia. Resultados e Discussão: O aumento na qualidade de vida observado foi estatisticamente significante pelo Teste T pareado (p<0,001). A avaliação da percepção da qualidade de vida das pacientes através do questionário I-QoL demonstrou resultados semelhantes aos verificados na literatura. Conclusão: Nesse estudo foi observada melhora na percepção da qualidade de vida das mulheres submetidas ao tratamento cirúrgico suburetral para incontinência urinária de esforço. Palavras-chave: Incontinência urinária. Qualidade de Vida. Slings Suburetrais.

Adaptación y evidencia de validez de la escala de Florecimiento para la población argentina / Adaptation and evidence of validity of the flourishing scale for the Argentine population

El presente trabajo se ocupa de evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de florecimiento (EF) en Argentina, para ello se realizó un proceso de traducción/adaptación para el contexto local. Participaron del estudio 363 adultos con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 68 años y de ambos sexos (Mujeres = 73%, Hombres= 27%). El CFA del modelo (NNFI= .9; CFI= .95; RMSEA= .053)y la consistencia interna(α=.89; ω=.91)arrojaron resultados aceptables para la EF. Por otro lado, la validación externa se realizó estudiando la correlación con los instrumentos MHC-SF y SWLS, obteniendo valores significativos. A su vez, la validación cruzada se realizó dividiendo la muestra en mujeres y hombres, hallándose resultados que confirman la validez del instrumento. En conclusión, se considera a partir de los resultados que la escala EF es un instrumento fiable para el estudio del bienestar en población argentina AU

The present work deals with evaluating the psychometric properties of the Flourishing Scale (EF) in Argentina, for which a translation/adaptation process was carried out for the local context. The study included 363 adults aged between 18 and 68 years and of both sexes (Women = 73%, Men = 27%). The CFA of the model (NNFI= .9; CFI= .95; RMSEA= .053) and internal consistency (α =.89; ω=.91) showed acceptable results for the EF. On the other hand, the external validation was carried out studying the connection with the MHC-SF and SWLS instruments, obtaining significant values. In turn, the cross-validation was carried out by dividing the sample into women and men, finding results that confirm the validity of the instrument. In conclusion, it is considered from the results that the EF scale is a reliable instrument for the study of well-being in the Argentine population AU

Association of Remote Technology Use and Other Decentralization Tools With Patient Likelihood to Enroll in Cancer Clinical Trials.

Importance: Logistical challenges such as travel time and distance to a clinical trial site can be a barrier to patient participation. The association of remote technology use and other decentralization tools that can reduce these barriers with likelihood to enroll in cancer trials is not well understood. Objective: To assess the association of remote technology and other decentralization tools used to reduce participation-related time and travel with the likelihood to enroll in cancer clinical trials. Design, Setting, and Participants: Between July 6 and September 8, 2021, a 41-question, cross-sectional, internet-based survey was administered to patients with cancer and survivors of cancer in the US who had been diagnosed with or treated for cancer in the past 7 years. Main Outcomes and Measures: Increase in self-reported likelihood to enroll in cancer clinical trials that use remote technology and other decentralization tools to decrease the need for travel to the trial site. Results: There were 1183 survey respondents, with a mean (SD) age of 58.2 (12.5) years. Respondents self-reported their gender, race and ethnicity, cancer type, and treatment status. Of the 1183 respondents, 848 (72%) were female, 296 (25%) were male, 8 (1%) were other/nonbinary, and 31 (3%) declined to answer. With regard to race, 28 respondents (3%) were American Indian or Alaska Native, 25 (2%) were Asian, 234 (20%) were Black or African American, 20 (2%) were Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, 825 (70%) were White, and 51 (4%) declined to answer. With regard to ethnicity, 115 respondents (10%) were Hispanic, Latino/Latina, or of Spanish origin, whereas 1017 (86%) were not and 51 (4%) declined to answer. Regarding cancer type and treatment status, 483 respondents (41%) either had or had survived breast cancer and 325 (28%) were being treated for cancer during the survey period. Individuals older than 55 years were more likely to say that they would only participate in trials no farther from their home than their regular care health care practitioner compared with younger respondents (26% vs 16%, respectively; P = .02). Higher-income earners (ie, those in households earning >$125 000/y) were significantly more likely than lower-income earners (ie, those in households earning <$70 000/y) to say they would participate in trials requiring additional effort (62% vs 41%, respectively; P = .03). If given the opportunity to enroll in a cancer clinical trial that required travel farther than their regular care, a majority of respondents (range, 60%-85%) indicated that they would be more likely to participate if the trial used remote technology and other tools to decrease the need for travel to a trial site. Conclusions and Relevance: In this cross-sectional study, the survey findings suggest that cancer clinical trials leveraging remote technology and decentralization tools to reduce patient time and travel burden associated with participation may increase the patient consent rate.

Functioning and support networks during postpartum / Funcionalidade na perspectiva das redes de apoio no puerpério

Abstract Objectives: to investigate how social support for the nuclear family, extended family and extra-family influences the functioning indexes of the mothers of the State of São Paulo. Methods: data collection took place via an online form, posted in maternity groups on social networks. A structured questionnaire was used to identify the profile of the puerperal woman and her support network, as well as WHODAS 2.0 to assess functioning. Results: support of husband/partner (p=0.012), other family members (p=0.001), friends/neighbors (p=0.003) were translated into better functioning of puerperal woman, while virtual support (p=0.043) was related to worse rates in the domains contemplated by WHODAS 2.0. Regarding health professionals, the result was not significant (p=0.721), indicating a low frequency for this type of support (12%). Conclusions: the presence of support acted positively on the functioning of women in the puerperium.

Resumo Objetivos: investigar como o suporte social pela família nuclear, família estendida e extrafamiliar influenciam nos índices de funcionalidade das puérperas do Estado de São Paulo. Métodos: a coleta de dados ocorreu via formulário online, divulgado em grupos de maternidade em redes sociais. Foi utilizado um questionário estruturado para a identificação do perfil da puérpera e de sua rede de apoio, bem como o Whodas 2.0 para avaliação da funcionalidade. Resultados: o suporte do marido/companheiro (p=0,012), outros familiares (p=0,001), amigos/ vizinhos (p=0,003) representaram melhor funcionalidade da puérpera, enquanto o apoio virtual (p=0,043) estava relacionado a piores índices nos domínios contemplados pelo Whodas 2.0. Em relação aos profssionais da saúde, o resultado não foi significativo (p=0,721), indicando frequência baixa deste tipo de apoio (12%). Conclusão: a presença de apoio atuou positivamente na funcionalidade da mulher no puerpério.

Estado nutricional e clínico de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica / Estado nutricional y clínico de los pacientes sometidos a cirugía bariátrica / Nutritional and clinical status of patients submitted to bariatric surgery

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar o estado clínico e nutricional de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica. Métodos: trata-se de estudo epidemiológico observacional, com delineamento transversal, norteado pela ferramenta STROBE. Foi realizado entre 2015 e 2016, com dados de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica em Y de Roux nos anos de 2012 a 2014, em um hospital privado de Minas Gerais. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de questionário semiestruturado, elaborado pelos pesquisadores. Para verificar a existência da associação entre as variáveis do estado nutricional e clínico e o tempo pós-cirúrgico, utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado de Pearson ou exato de Fisher para as variáveis categóricas. E para as contínuas, os testes Kruskal-Wallis ou Mann-Whitney. Resultados: verificou-se significância estatística para as variáveis: "enfraquecimento de unhas" (p=0,002), "êmese" (p=0,018), "frequência de consumo alcoólico" (p=0,018) e "número de refeições diárias" (p=0,028) no grupo feminino. Conclusão: este estudo revelou alterações no componente clínico e nutricional das pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica. Houve associações estatisticamente significativas no grupo feminino, incluindo mudanças no perfil clínico de maior episódio de êmese e maior frequência no consumo de álcool. Em relação ao perfil nutricional, pacientes do sexo feminino apresentaram maiores proporções no número de refeições e mais enfraquecimento nas unhas após o procedimento cirúrgico. Reforça-se a importância do acompanhamento e da orientação nutricional e psicológica contínuas, pré e pós-cirúrgicas, minimizando os impactos negativos deste resultado na saúde dos indivíduos.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar el estado clínico y nutricional de los pacientes sometidos a cirugía bariátrica. Métodos: se trata de un estudio epidemiológico observacional, con un diseño transversal, guiado por la herramienta STROBE. Se realizó entre 2015 y 2016, con datos de pacientes sometidos a cirugía bariátrica en Roux-en-Y en los años 2012 a 2014, en un hospital privado de Minas Gerais. La recolección de datos se realizó a través de un cuestionario semiestructurado desarrollado por los investigadores. Para verificar la existencia de asociación entre las variables de estado nutricional, clínico y tiempo posquirúrgico se utilizó la prueba qui cuadrado de Pearson o la prueba exacta de Fisher para las variables categóricas. Y para las continuas, las pruebas de Kruskal-Wallis o Mann-Whitney. Resultados: hubo significancia estadística para las variables: "debilitamiento de las uñas" (p = 0,002), "emesis" (p = 0,018), "frecuencia de consumo de alcohol" (p = 0,018) y "número de comidas diarias" (p = 0,028) en el grupo de mujeres. Conclusión: este estudio reveló cambios en el componente clínico y nutricional de los pacientes sometidos a cirugía bariátrica. Hubo asociaciones estadísticamente significativas en el grupo femenino, incluyendo cambios en el perfil clínico de mayor episodio de emesis y mayor frecuencia de consumo de alcohol. En cuanto al perfil nutricional, las pacientes del sexo femenino presentaron mayores proporciones en el número de comidas y mayor debilitamiento de las uñas tras el procedimiento quirúrgico. Se refuerza la importancia del seguimiento continuo y la orientación nutricional y psicológica, pre y posquirúrgica, minimizando los impactos negativos de este resultado en la salud de las personas.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the clinical and nutritional status of patients submitted to bariatric surgery. Methods: this is an observational epidemiological study, with a cross-sectional design, guided by the STROBE tool. It was carried out between 2015 and 2016, with data from patients undergoing Roux-en-Y bariatric surgery in the years 2012 to 2014, in a private hospital in Minas Gerais. Data collection took place through a semi-structured questionnaire developed by the researchers. To verify the existence of an association between the variables of nutritional and clinical status and the time after surgery, Pearson's chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used for categorical variables. And for continuous ones, the Kruskal-Wallis or Mann-Whitney tests. Results: there was statistical significance for the variables: 'weakening of nails' (p=0.002), 'emesis' (p=0.018), 'frequency of alcohol consumption' (p=0.018) and 'number of daily meals' (p=0.028) in the female group. Conclusion: this study revealed changes in the clinical and nutritional component of patients undergoing bariatric surgery. There were statistically significant associations in the female group, including changes in the clinical profile of greater episode of emesis and greater frequency of alcohol consumption. Regarding the nutritional profile, female patients had higher proportions in the number of meals and more weakening of the nails after the surgical procedure. The importance of monitoring and continuous nutritional and psychological guidance, pre- and post-surgical, is reinforced, minimizing the negative impacts of this result on the health of individuals.

Exploratory attitude survey of homeless persons regarding telecare services in shelters providing mid- and long-term accommodation: The importance of trust.

BACKGROUND: With the expansion of digital health, it is imperative to consider intervention techniques in order not to be the cause of even more social health inequalities in underserved populations struggling with chronic diseases. Telemedicine solutions for homeless persons might compensate for shortcomings in access to valuable health services in different settings. The main aim of our research was to examine the attitudes and openness of homeless persons regarding telecare on a Hungarian sample. METHODS: Quantitative survey among homeless people (n = 98) was completed in 4 shelters providing mid- and long-term accommodation in Budapest, Hungary. Attitudes regarding healthcare service accessibility and telecare were measured by a self-developed questionnaire of the research team. Telecare attitude comparison was made with data of a Hungarian weighted reference group of non-homeless persons recruited from 2 primary care units (n = 110). RESULTS: A significant fraction of homeless people with mid- or long-term residency in homeless shelters did not oppose the use of telecare via live online video consultation and there was no difference compared to the national reference group (averages of 3.09 vs. 3.15, respectively). Results of the homeless group indicate that those more satisfied with healthcare services, in general, manifest more openness to telecare. It is clearly demonstrated by the multivariate analysis that those participants in the homeless group who had problems getting health care in the last year definitely preferred in-person doctor-patient consultations. CONCLUSION: Digital health technologies offer a potentially important new pathway for the prevention and treatment of chronic conditions among homeless persons. Based on the attitudes towards telecare, initiating an on-site telecare program for mid- and long-term residents of homeless shelters might enable better care continuity. Our results draw attention to the key factors including building trust in the implementation of such programs among underserved and other vulnerable patient groups.

Gender sensitivity and stereotypes in medical university students: An Italian cross-sectional study.

Gender medicine is crucial to reduce health inequalities. Knowledge about students' attitudes and beliefs regarding men, women and gender is important to improve gender medicine courses. The aim of this study is to evaluate gender stereotypes and its predictors in Italian medical students. We performed an online cross-sectional study among students from the University of Turin. We used the validated Nijmegen Gender Awareness Scale in Medicine scale to explore gender sensitivity and stereotypes. Multivariable logistic regression model was performed to explore potential predictors of gender awareness. We enrolled 430 students. Female sex, a better knowledge on gender medicine and having had a tutor aware of gender issues are associated with higher gender sensitivity. Older age, a better knowledge on gender medicine and having had a tutor sensitive to gender issues were predictors of more stereotyped opinions towards patients. Having had a tutor aware of gender medicine, male sex and older age were associated with more stereotypes towards doctors. Italian students have high gender sensitivity and low gender stereotypes. Age, higher knowledge of gender medicine and having had a tutor that considered gender were associated with higher gender stereotypes. Focusing on gender awareness in medical schools can contribute to a better care.

This is Our Lane: A Pilot Study Examining the Surgeon's Role in Social Justice Advocacy.

BACKGROUND: Despite the importance of social justice advocacy, surgeon attitudes toward individual involvement vary. We hypothesized that the majority of surgeons in this study, regardless of gender or training level, believe that surgeons should be involved in social justice movements. METHODS: A survey was distributed to surgical faculty and trainees at three academic tertiary care centers. Participation was anonymous with 123 respondents. Chi-square and Fisher's exact test were used for analysis with significance accepted when p < 0.05. Thematic analysis was performed on free responses. RESULTS: The response rate was 46%. Compared to men, women were more likely to state that surgeons should be involved (86% vs 64%, p = 0.01) and were personally involved in social justice advocacy (86% vs 51%, p = 0.0002). Social justice issues reported as most important to surgeons differed significantly by gender (p = 0.008). Generated themes for why certain types of advocacy involvement were inappropriate were personal choices, professionalism and relationships. CONCLUSIONS: Social justice advocacy is important to most surgeons in this study, especially women. This emphasizes the need to incorporate advocacy into surgical practice.

Identifying institutional factors in general surgery resident wellness and burnout.

BACKGROUND: Effects of the institutional macrocosm on general surgery resident wellbeing have not been well studied. We sought to identify organizational factors that impact resident wellness and burnout. METHODS: Using a modified Delphi technique, an open-ended survey and two subsequent iterations were distributed to wellness stakeholders at two institutions to identify and stratify institutional factors in six burnout domains. RESULTS: Response rates for each survey round were 29/106 (27%), 30/46 (65%) and 21/30 (70%). Top factors identified in each domain were: CONCLUSION: A modified Delphi technique prioritized institutional wellness and burnout factors. Top factors identified were compensation, vacation time, and autonomy. These results can direct future scholarship of barriers/facilitators of resident wellbeing.

Perception of pharmacists regarding human resources, training, and development of a national hospital pharmacy: a preliminary report on Basel Statements

Abstract The hospital pharmacy needs a constant process of evaluation and monitoring of its activities. In Brazil, several agencies establish tasks and duties for pharmacists, but little is known about the compliance and the perception of the professional regarding these policies. The present study aims to characterize the pharmacist's perception of Brazilian hospital pharmacy policies according to the Basel Statements. A search was performed for the contacts of all medium and high complexity hospitals in the country. Subsequently, a questionnaire elaborated following the Basel Statements was sent by e-mail to hospital pharmacists throughout the country. The domain analyzed was "Human Resources, Training, and Development". Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 19.0. Pharmacists representing a total of 111 hospitals from all Brazilian regions answered the survey questionnaire and showed that more than half of the hospital pharmacists perceive themselves as not complying, whether in the service of local, national, or pharmaceutical education. Besides updating the professionals in relation to national policies, it is necessary that the representative bodies of the pharmaceutical class be more present in the elaboration and evaluation of the policies directed to human resources, seeking uniformity and the possibility of carrying out the activities required.