RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is an important microvascular complication of uncontrolled diabetes. The features of DN include albuminuria, extracellular matrix alterations, and progressive renal insufficiency. Rice bran protein hydrolysates (RBPs) have been reported to have antihyperglycemic, lipid-lowering, and anti-inflammatory effects in diabetic rats. Our study was to investigate the renoprotective effects of RBP in diabetic animals and mesangial cultured cells. METHODS: Eight-week-old male db/m and db/db mice were orally treated with tap water or RBP (100 or 500 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, diabetic nephropathy in kidney tissues was investigated for histological, ultrastructural, and clinical chemistry changes, and biomarkers of angiogenesis, fibrosis, inflammation, and antioxidant in kidney were analyzed by Western blotting. Protection against proangiogenic proteins and induction of cytoprotection by RBP in cultured mesangial cells was evaluated. RESULTS: RBP treatment improved insulin sensitivity, decreased elevated fasting serum glucose levels, and improved serum lipid levels and urinary albumin/creatinine ratios in diabetic mice. RBP ameliorated the decreases in podocyte slit pore numbers, thickening of glomerular basement membranes, and mesangial matrix expansion and suppressed elevation of MCP-1, ICAM-1, HIF-1α, VEGF, TGF-ß, p-Smad2/3, and type IV collagen expression. Moreover, RBP restored suppressed antioxidant Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. In cultured mesangial cells, RBP inhibited high glucose-induced angiogenic protein expression and induced the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1. CONCLUSION: RBP attenuates the progression of diabetic nephropathy and restored renal function by suppressing the expression of proangiogenic and profibrotic proteins, inhibiting proinflammatory mediators, and restoring the antioxidant and cytoprotective system.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/dietoterapia , Nefropatias Diabéticas/prevenção & controle , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Resistência à Insulina , Oryza/química , Proteínas de Vegetais Comestíveis/uso terapêutico , Hidrolisados de Proteína/uso terapêutico , Animais , Biomarcadores/sangue , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/patologia , Nefropatias Diabéticas/imunologia , Indústria de Processamento de Alimentos/economia , Hiperglicemia/prevenção & controle , Hipoglicemiantes/economia , Hipoglicemiantes/metabolismo , Resíduos Industriais/análise , Resíduos Industriais/economia , Rim/imunologia , Rim/metabolismo , Rim/patologia , Rim/ultraestrutura , Masculino , Células Mesangiais/imunologia , Células Mesangiais/metabolismo , Células Mesangiais/patologia , Células Mesangiais/ultraestrutura , Camundongos Mutantes , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Epiderme Vegetal/química , Proteínas de Vegetais Comestíveis/economia , Proteínas de Vegetais Comestíveis/metabolismo , Hidrolisados de Proteína/economia , Hidrolisados de Proteína/metabolismo , Insuficiência Renal/complicações , Insuficiência Renal/imunologia , Insuficiência Renal/prevenção & controle , Sementes/química , TailândiaRESUMO
Advances in anti-HLA antibody characterization have had a major impact on kidney transplantation. Comprehensive characterization of DSA has improved protocols for allosensitized transplant candidates, increasing access to acceptable donors. Sensitive and specific solid phase antibody detection assays have given important insight into the clinical characteristics of antibody-mediated allograft injury, resulting in the development of a classification system for acute AMR. In addition, important insights into the nature of chronic antibody-mediated allograft rejection have been achieved as a result of improvements in DSA characterization. Finally, assays initially developed as tools to detect DSA in the clinical setting have been employed in innovative research protocols, allowing the investigation of new therapeutic approaches.
Assuntos
Anticorpos/imunologia , Antígenos HLA/imunologia , Transplante de Rim/métodos , Insuficiência Renal/terapia , Anticorpos/química , Criança , Rejeição de Enxerto/imunologia , Antígenos HLA/química , Humanos , Rim/imunologia , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Pediatria/métodos , Insuficiência Renal/imunologia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Doadores de Tecidos , Obtenção de Tecidos e Órgãos/métodos , Transplante Homólogo/métodos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Patients with renal failure often succumb to infection. Alterations in the immune system of these patients, whether inherent to the disease process or precipitated by therapeutic regimens, undermine the promotion of wellness. This article provides a comprehensive understanding of common immune abnormalities, and assessment techniques that can assist nephrology nurses in identifying problems in a patient's immunologic status and direct care to prevent infections, to treat or prevent organ rejection, and to monitor for signs and symptoms of malignancies.