Estimation of genetic parameters of defective appearances in Japanese Black heifer calves in Kagoshima.

Defective appearances, including white spotting (WS), tongue defect (TD), and nipple defect (ND), in Japanese Black cattle potentially lead to economic losses to farmers in Japan. We estimated genetic parameters of defective appearances using 553,433 records of Japanese Black heifer calves housed in the Kagoshima Prefecture. Variance and covariance were estimated using the Gibbs sampling algorithm. The estimated heritability ranged from 0.29 for TD to 0.76 for WS. Percent breeding value (%BV) estimates indicated high variation in WS and ND among sires, reflecting higher heritability. Furthermore, there was a positive linear relationship between the %BV estimate of a sire and the mean incidence rate of each defect in his female offsprings. TD was positively associated with other defects. Therefore, genetic factors strongly affect the incidence of defective appearances in Japanese Black cattle.

Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life in Robin Sequence: A Comparison of Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis and Tongue-Lip Adhesion.

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have proven the efficacy of mandibular distraction osteogenesis or tongue-lip adhesion in Robin sequence infants with upper airway obstruction. However, none has compared health-related quality of life outcomes. METHODS: In the present retrospective study, Robin sequence infants younger than 1 year, who underwent mandibular distraction osteogenesis or tongue-lip adhesion, were included (2006 to 2016). The infants' caregivers were asked to complete a questionnaire based on the Glasgow Children's Benefit Inventory. RESULTS: The response rate was 71 percent (22 of the 31 questionnaires; mandibular distraction osteogenesis, 12 of 15; and tongue-lip adhesion, 10 of 16) and median age at surgery was 24 days (range, 5 to 131 days). Median total Glasgow Children's Benefit Inventory scores after mandibular distraction osteogenesis and after tongue-lip adhesion were 21.9 (interquartile range, 9.4) and 26.0 (interquartile range, 37.5), respectively (p = 0.716), indicating an overall benefit from both procedures. Positive changes were observed in all subgroups emotion, physical health, learning, and vitality. In syndromic Robin sequence, both procedures demonstrated a lower positive change in health-related quality of life compared with isolated Robin sequence (p = 0.303). CONCLUSIONS: Both surgical procedures demonstrated an overall benefit in health-related quality-of-life outcomes, with no significant differences. The authors' findings contribute to the debate regarding the use of mandibular distraction osteogenesis versus tongue-lip adhesion in the surgical treatment of Robin sequence; however, studies evaluating health-related quality of life in larger Robin sequence cohorts are necessary to identify which procedure is likely to be best in each individual Robin sequence infant. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, III.

[Cephalometric assessment in obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome]. / Bilan céphalométrique dans le Syndrome des Apnées et Hypopnées Obstructives du Sommeil.

Several cephalometric studies have been published to study sleep apnea and hypopnea. The purpose of this review is to provide a clear analysis of the different and apparently contradictory cephalometric results and to describe certain pitfalls of the method. In general, an excessive development of the tongue and soft palate are observed in these subjects, limiting the pharyngeal airway. Bony anomalies include mandibular retrognathism and an excessive anterior ventral development of the skull associated with insufficient anterior growth of the base of the skull. The head is held in extension. These different factors contribute to blocking the upper airway and favor pharyngeal collapse. Cephalometry can be used to identify patients at risk and to propose an apnea/hypopnea index for precise etiological diagnosis and therapeutic decision making.

Valoración estomatológica del recién nacido / Stomatological validity of the newborn

El estomatólogo pediatra debe intervenir en equipos interdisciplinarios de salud para el tratamiento de la madre gestante, lactante, y el recién nacido. No puede desconocerse los efectos que una infección trae a la madre gestante, al feto y al recién nacido tales como malformaciones, retardo de crecimiento intrauterino, nacimientos pretérmino, todo lo cual son causa de morbimortalidad perinatal. Aunque no está relacionada directamente, las infecciones de origen bucal proporciona número y calidad de microorganismos altamente nocivos para la salud general de la mujer gestante como es el estreptococo Beta hemolítico. La integridad del sistema estotognático del recién nacido es indispensable para cumplir con las funciones de succión-deglución-respiración y evitar las neumopatías por broncoaspiración que ponen en peligro la vida del niño. El Estomatólogo Pediatra tiene la responsabilidad de buscar y detectar patologías que puedan interferir con la normal alimentación del niño y intervenir de manera inmediata. Existen otras alteraciones que, si bien no tienen gran significancia clínica, deben ser detectadas y explicadas a la madre y al personal de salud.

Assessment of lingual function when ankyloglossia (tongue-tie) is suspected.

Dental specialists are frequently confronted with the task of attempting to determine whether a cause and effect relationship exists between a short or restricting lingual frenum (ankyloglossia or tongue-tie) and a specific oral motor dysfunction. Because there is no standardized definition of what constitutes a condition of tongue-tie, the dental practitioner is often unsure as to the appropriate course of action with a patient with suspected ankyloglossia. This paper describes clinical measures that permit quantifying several anatomic and functional aspects of the tongue. Such baseline analysis provides a more definitive appraisal of lingual function as well as a more objective basis for making pre- and posttreatment comparisons.