Leitos neonatais nas instituições públicas de saúde (2010-2019) / Neonatal beds in public health institutions (2010-2019) / Camas neonatales en instituciones de salud pública (2010-2019)

Objetivo: Identificar as instituições de saúde e distribuição dos leitos no município do Rio de Janeiro, destinados à assistência neonatal. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo serial realizado com base nos processos administrativos do Conselho Regional de Enfermagem do Rio de Janeiro que teve como delimitação temporal o período de 2010 a 2019. Utilizou-se o programa computacional R para análise dos dados. Estudo aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: Foram encontradas 19 instituições de saúde com Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal do tipo II e/ou III. A quantidade de leitos identificados pelos processos administrativos e pelo Cadastro Nacional dos Estabelecimentos de Saúde foram de 241 e 227, respectivamente. Os leitos foram distribuídos em 18 bairros do município do Rio de Janeiro. Conclusão: Os indicadores revelaram que há uma distribuição desproporcional dos leitos, associado a precarização das condições de trabalho e infraestrutura das unidades. (AU)

Objective: To identify the health institutions and bed distribution in the city of Rio de Janeiro, destined to neonatal care. Methods: A retrospective serial study carried out based on the administrative processes of the Regional Nursing Council of Rio de Janeiro, whose temporal delimitation was the period from 2010 to 2019. The computer program R was used for data analysis. Study approved by the Research Ethics Committee. Results: 19 health institutions with a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of type II and / or III were found. The number of beds identified by administrative processes and by the National Register of Health Establishments was 241 and 227, respectively. The beds were distributed in 18 neighborhoods in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Conclusion: The indicators revealed that there is a disproportionate distribution of beds, associated with the precarious working conditions and infrastructure of the units. (AU)

Objetivo: Identificar las instituciones de salud y distribución de camas en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro, destinadas a la atención neonatal. Métodos: Estudio seriado retrospectivo realizado con base en los procesos administrativos del Consejo Regional de Enfermería de Río de Janeiro, cuya delimitación temporal fue el período de 2010 a 2019. Se utilizó el programa informático R para el análisis de los datos. Estudio aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación. Resultados: Se encontraron 19 instituciones de salud con una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales de tipo II y / o III. El número de camas identificadas por procesos administrativos y por el Registro Nacional de Establecimientos de Salud fue de 241 y 227, respectivamente. Las camas se distribuyeron en 18 barrios de la ciudad de Río de Janeiro. Conclusión: Los indicadores revelaron que existe una distribución desproporcionada de las camas, asociada a las precarias condiciones de trabajo e infraestructura de las unidades. (AU)

Adverse events in critically ill patients: a cross-sectional study / Eventos adversos en pacientes de cuidado intensivo: estudio transversal / Eventos adversos em pacientes de terapia intensiva: estudo transversal

Abstract Objective: To identify the prevalence of adverse events and the critically ill patient's need for care in an intensive care unit. Method: This is a cross-sectional study, carried out from January to March 2020. The adverse events investigated were pressure injury, accidental orotracheal extubation, fall, loss of central venous access, and healthcare-associated infection. The number of hours required for patient care was measured by the Nursing Activities Score. The categorical independent variables were described by absolute and relative frequencies, and the continuous ones, by central tendency. The magnitude measure was the odds ratio and a confidence interval of 95% was considered. Results: of the 88 patients evaluated, 52.3% had adverse events, which were associated with a greater need for care, severity, and longer hospital stay. The mean Nursing Activities Score was 51.01% (12 h 24 min), with a deficit of 20% to 30% of nursing staff in the unit being identified. Conclusion: The prevalence of adverse events in the unit is high and the shortage of nursing staff in the unit revealed the need for adequate staffing to reduce the damage caused by the care provided to critically ill patients.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar la prevalencia de eventos adversos y la necesidad de cuidado del paciente crítico en una unidad de cuidado intensivo (UCI). Método: estudio transversal, realizado entre enero y marzo de 2020. Los eventos adversos investigados fueron: lesión por presión, extubación oro traqueal accidental, caída, pérdida de acceso venoso central e infección relacionada a la asistencia a la salud. El número de horas necesarias para el cuidado del paciente se midió por la Nursing Activities Score. Las variables independientes categóricas fueron descriptas por frecuencia absoluta y relativa, y las continuas, por tendencia central. La medida de magnitud fue la razón de oportunidad (odds ratio) y se consideró un intervalo de confianza del 95%. Resultados: de los 88 pacientes evaluados, un 52,3% presentaron eventos adversos, los cuales fueron asociados a necesidad de cuidados más intensa, gravedad y tiempo de ingreso más extenso. El Nursing Activities Score medio fue un 51,01% (12 h 24 min), siendo identificado un déficit entre 20% y 30% de personal de enfermería en la unidad. Conclusión: la prevalencia de los eventos adversos en la unidad es alta y el déficit de personal de enfermería en la unidad reveló la necesidad de dimensionamiento adecuado de personal para reducir los daños causados por los cuidados prestados a los pacientes críticos.

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar a prevalência de eventos adversos e a necessidade de cuidado do paciente crítico em uma unidade de terapia intensiva. Método: estudo transversal, realizado de janeiro a março de 2020. Os eventos adversos investigados foram: lesão por pressão, extubação orotraqueal acidental, queda, perda de acesso venoso central e infecção relacionada à assistência à saúde. O número de horas necessárias para o cuidado do paciente foi mensurado pela Nursing Activities Score. As variáveis independentes categóricas foram descritas por frequências absoluta e relativa, e as contínuas, por tendência central. A medida de magnitude foi a razão de chance e considerou-se intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados: dos 88 pacientes avaliados, 52,3% apresentaram eventos adversos, os quais foram associados à maior necessidade de cuidados, gravidade e ao maior tempo de internação. O Nursing Activities Score médio foi 51,01% (12 h 24 min), sendo identificado um déficit de 20% a 30% de pessoal de enfermagem na unidade. Conclusão: a prevalência dos eventos adversos na unidade é alta e o déficit de pessoal de enfermagem na unidade revelou a necessidade de dimensionamento adequado de pessoal para reduzir os danos ocasionados pelos cuidados prestados aos pacientes críticos.

Tutoriais como ferramenta de educação para registros de enfermagem / Tutorials as an education tool for nursing records

Objetivo: Elaborar vídeos tutoriais sobre registros de enfermagem, com foco na legislação vigente. Metodologia: Pesquisa aplicada à produção de objetos de aprendizagem, executada dentro dos parâmetros de desenvolvimento tecnológico do Modelo ADDIE (analysis ­ análise, design - desenho, development - desenvolvimento, implementation - implementação e evaluation - avaliação). A edição dos vídeos tutoriais produzidos foi realizada com os recursos do software Vyond. Para viabilizar o acesso do público alvo, os vídeos foram postados no Youtube. Resultados: Uma série, composta por quatro vídeos animados, sobre os aspectos legais dos registros de enfermagem. Os assuntos abordados sobre a temática escolhida são: 1) Generalidades; 2) Documentos gerenciais; 3) Processo de enfermagem e; 4) Anotações de enfermagem. Conclusão: A criação dos vídeos colabora para a qualificação profissional, porém, é apenas uma das diversas ações necessárias para que este objetivo seja alcançado. (AU)

Objective: To prepare tutorial videos on nursing records, focusing on current legislation. Methods: Research applied to the production of learning objects, carried out within the parameters of technological development of the ADDIE Model (analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation). The editing of the tutorial videos produced was carried out with the resources of the Vyond software. To make the target audience accessible, the videos were posted on Youtube. Results: A series, consisting of four animated videos, on the legal aspects of nursing records. The subjects covered on the chosen theme are: 1) Generalities; 2) Management documents; 3) Nursing process and; 4) Nursing notes. Conclusion: The creation of videos contributes to professional qualification, however, it is only one of the several actions necessary for this objective to be achieved. (AU)

Objetivo: Preparar videos tutoriales sobre registros de enfermería, centrándose en la legislación vigente. Metodos: Investigación aplicada a la producción de objetos de aprendizaje, realizada dentro de los parámetros de desarrollo tecnológico del Modelo ADDIE (análisis análisis, diseño - diseño, desarrollo - desarrollo, implementación - implementación y evaluación - evaluación). La edición de los videos tutoriales producidos se realizó con los recursos del software Vyond. Para que el público objetivo sea accesible, los videos se publicaron en Youtube. Resultados: Una serie, que consta de cuatro videos animados, sobre los aspectos legales de los registros de enfermería. Los temas tratados sobre el tema elegido son: 1) Generalidades; 2) documentos de gestión; 3) proceso de enfermería y; 4) Notas de enfermería. Conclusión: La creación de videos contribuye a la calificación profesional, sin embargo, es solo una de las varias acciones necesarias para lograr este objetivo. (AU)

Challenges and needed reforms in midwifery and nursing regulatory systems in India: Implications for education and practice.

BACKGROUND: In India, nursing regulation is generally weak, midwifery coexists with nursing, and 88% of nursing and midwifery education is provided by the private health sector. The Indian health system faces major challenges for health care provision due to poor quality, indeterminate regulatory functions and lack of reforms. METHODS: We undertook a qualitative investigation to understand midwifery and nursing education, and regulatory systems in India, through a review of the regulatory Acts, and an investigation of the perceptions and experiences of senior midwifery and nursing leaders representing administration, advocacy, education, regulation, research and service provision in India with an international perspective. RESULTS: There is a lack of importance accorded to midwifery roles within the nursing system. The councils and Acts do not adequately reflect midwifery practice, and remain a barrier to good quality care provision. The lack of required amendment of Acts, lack of representation of midwives and nurses in key governance positions in councils and committees have restrained and undermined leadership positions, which have also impaired the growth of the professions. A lack of opportunities for professional practice and unfair assessment practices are critical concerns affecting the quality of nursing and midwifery education in private institutions across India. Midwifery and nursing students are generally more vulnerable to discrimination and have less opportunities compared to medical students exacerbated by the gender-based challenges. CONCLUSIONS: India is on the verge of a major regulatory reform with the National Nursing and Midwifery Commission Bill, 2020 being drafted, which makes this study a crucial and timely contribution. Our findings present the challenges that need to be addressed with regulatory reforms to enable opportunities for direct-entry into the midwifery profession, improving nursing education and practice by empowering midwives and nurses with decision-making powers for nursing and midwifery workforce governance.

Immunity from Civil Liability, Part 1.

A timely primer on what nurses should understand.

Nursing's Response to the Executive Order to Advance American Kidney Health.

The state of American kidney health is currently under the microscope. In the United States, approximately 20,000 persons advance to end-stage renal disease annually. Trends indicate accelerating increases in cost of care and a high mortality rate among patients with end-stage renal disease, with only 57% of patients surviving after 3 years. An executive order by the White House has placed the transformation of kidney care at the forefront of the country's health care agenda. The order focuses on key issues including improving outcomes, reducing treatment-related expenditures and increasing kidney donations. Mobilization of health care resources directed toward policymaking, workforce growth and development, and research will be critical to effectively achieve this executive order. Nursing's response, as the health care profession with the most members, will be crucial to achieving response implementation and success of the order. This article describes immediate and future actions including policy, leadership, clinical, educational, and research initiatives that the nursing profession should take to advance kidney health. It calls for specific actions by nursing and focuses on nursing organizations, nursing research, quality improvement initiatives, nursing innovation, advanced practice nursing, and the nephrology and transplant nursing workforce in order to improve kidney health nationally. The impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on kidney health and the implications for the profession of nursing are outlined. Although there are still many unknowns about the pandemic, nursing's voice is necessary to ensure the ongoing delivery of high-quality care.

O que facilita e dificulta a Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem na percepção dos enfermeiros das Unidades de Saúde da Família? / What facilitates and hinders the Systematization of Nursing Care in the perception of nurses in family health units? / ¿Qué facilita y dificulta la Sistematización de la Atención de Enfermería en la percepción de los enfermeros en las Unidades de Salud de la Familia?

Objetivo: analisar os elementos facilitadores e dificultadores na realização da Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem e Processo de enfermagem a partir da percepção dos enfermeiros das Unidades de Estratégia Saúde da Família. Método: Estudo descritivo-exploratório, de corte transversal e abordagem quantitativa, por meio da aplicação de um questionário auto aplicado. Resultados: perfil de profissionais predominantemente do sexo feminino com idade prevalente entre 30-40 anos e um equilíbrio entre tempo de atuação profissional (média 10,7 anos) entre 2- 10 anos e maior do que 10 anos, além de uma média de atuação na APS de 8,8 anos, demonstrando uma equipe com boa experiência, o que facilitou a interpretação dos resultados. Elementos facilitadores: reconhecimento da importância da realização do Processo de enfermagem sobre o desenvolvimento do raciocínio clínico do enfermeiro, o benefício para o paciente e para a equipe de saúde. Elementos dificultadores: falta de linguagem universal padronizada; despreparo do profissional para realização da Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem na APS; sobrecarga de atendimentos ao longo do dia; falta de colaboração da equipe durante a consulta, com muitas interrupções; baixa oferta de capacitação sobre Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem/Processo de enfermagem pela instituição; baixa valorização da consulta de enfermagem tanto pela equipe, quanto pela população em geral; falta de impressos com diagnósticos e prescrição de enfermagem. Conclusão: Para facilitar a implementação da Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem/Processo de enfermagem, os enfermeiros referiram que: há a necessidade do conhecimento de Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem/Processo de enfermagem pelo enfermeiro, a necessidade de capacitação da equipe pela unidade de saúde, a adoção de linguagem padronizada e a adoção de protocolos.

Objective: to analyze the elements that facilitate and hinder the accomplishment of the Systematization of Nursing Care and Nursing Process from the perception of nurses from the Family Health Strategy Units. Method: Descriptiveexploratory study, cross-sectional and quantitative approach, through the application of a self-processed questionnaire. Results: profile of predominantly female professionals with a prevalent age between 30-40 years and a balance between professional experience (average 10.7 years) between 2-10 years and greater than 10 years, in addition to an average performance in the PHC of 8.8 years, showing a team with good experience, which facilitated the interpretation of the results. Facilitating elements: recognition of the importance of carrying out the Nursing Process on the development of the nurse's clinical reasoning, the benefit for the patient and the health team. Difficult elements: lack of standardized universal language; unpreparedness of the professional to carry out the Systematization of Nursing Care in PHC; overload of assistance throughout the day; lack of team collaboration during the consultation, with many interruptions; low training offer on Nursing Care Systematization / Nursing process by the institution; low valuation of the nursing consultation by both the team and the population in general; lack of printed forms with nursing diagnoses and prescription. Conclusion: To facilitate the implementation of the Systematization of Nursing Assistance / Nursing Process, nurses reported that: there is a need for knowledge of Systematization of Nursing Assistance / Nursing Process by nurses, the need for staff training by the health unit , an adoption of standardized language and an adoption of protocols.

Objetivo: analizar los elementos facilitadores y obstaculizadores en la realización del Proceso de Sistematización de la Atención y Enfermería desde la percepción de los enfermeros de las Unidades de Estrategia de Salud de la Familia. Método: Estudio descriptivo-exploratorio, de abordaje transversal y cuantitativo, mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario autoprocesado. Resultados: perfil de profesionales predominantemente mujeres con una edad prevalente entre 30-40 años y un balance entre tiempo de experiencia profesional (promedio 10,7 años) entre 2-10 años y mayor de 10 años, además de un desempeño promedio en la APS de 8.8 años, mostrando un equipo con buena experiencia, lo que facilitó la interpretación de los resultados. Elementos facilitadores: reconocimiento de la importancia de la realización del Proceso de Enfermería en el desarrollo del razonamiento clínico del enfermero, el beneficio para el paciente y el equipo de salud. Elementos difíciles: falta de lenguaje universal estandarizado; falta de preparación del profesional para realizar la Sistematización de la Atención de Enfermería en la APS; sobrecarga de asistencia a lo largo del día; falta de colaboración en equipo durante la consulta, con muchas interrupciones; baja oferta formativa en Sistematización de la Atención de Enfermería / Proceso de Enfermería por parte de la institución; baja valoración de la consulta de enfermería tanto por parte del equipo como de la población en general; falta de formularios impresos con diagnósticos de enfermería y prescripción. Conclusión: Para facilitar la implementación de la Sistematización de la Asistencia / Proceso de Enfermería, las enfermeras informaron que: existe la necesidad de conocimiento de la Sistematización de la Asistencia / Proceso de Enfermería por parte de las enfermeras, la necesidad de capacitación del personal por parte de la unidad de salud, una adopción de lenguaje estandarizado y adopción de protocolos.

Health Systems and Nursing Skills in Portugal. / Sistemas de Saúde e Competências do Enfermeiro em Portugal.

The paper discusses the Portuguese Health System that has adopted the Beveridge model, which is based on the financing of health services by taxpayers' income, based on a public system, where the right to health is independent of work and employment. Nursing education is structured in Pre-Graduate Education - Degree; Master and Doctorate in Nursing Sciences and Nursing. The competency of the generalist nurses refers to the professional performance showing the effective application of knowledge and skills, which allows them to make a clinical judgment and decide. The exercise of competencies is based on the interpersonal relationship between the nurse and the individual client or group; decision-making based on scientific evidence, clinical judgment based on the needs of individual or group care, prescribed nursing interventions considering the safety of care and the client, early detection of the real or diagnostic potentials seeking resolution or minimization of consequences, by the values of the patients, as well as respect and professional regulation that establish good practice.

O artigo discorre sobre o Sistema de Saúde em Portugal que possui o modelo de Beverigde, baseado no financiamento dos serviços de saúde pelas receitas, obtidas por impostos sobre o rendimento dos contribuintes, alicerçado num sistema público, em que o direito à saúde é independente do trabalho e do emprego. O ensino de Enfermagem está estruturado em: Formação Pré-Graduada ­ Licenciatura; Mestrado e Doutorado em Ciências de Enfermagem e Enfermagem. A competência do enfermeiro de cuidados gerais refere-se ao desempenho profissional demonstrador da aplicação efetiva do conhecimento e das capacidades, que lhe permitem o juízo clínico e a tomada de decisão. O exercício das competências baseia-se na relação interpessoal entre o enfermeiro e o cliente individual e/ou grupo; tomada de decisão baseada em evidência científica, juízo clínico fundamentado nas necessidades de cuidados individuais ou do grupo, intervenções de Enfermagem prescritas considerando a segurança dos cuidados e do cliente, detecção precoce dos reais ou potenciais diagnósticos buscando resolução ou minimização das consequências, pelos valores dos clientes, além do respeito e regulamentação profissional que estabelecem a boa prática.

Regulación de la Enfermería Española: incorporación a la profesión sanitaria (1850-1950) / Regulation of Spanish Nursing: incorporation into the health profession (1850-1950) / Regulation of Spanish Nursing: incorporation into the health profession (1850-1950)

RESUMEN OBJETIVO Conocer la evolución de la formación académica de la enfermería española (1850-1950), describiendo los cambios que la transformaron en profesión sanitaria. MÉTODO Investigación histórica en la modalidad exploratoria-descriptiva, con análisis e interpretación de información obtenida en bases de datos electrónicas, archivos nacionales, provinciales y municipales, Boletines Oficiales y Bibliotecas. RESULTADOS En 1850 coexistían diferentes categorías sanitarias, sin embargo, el título de enfermera no surgió hasta 1915. Con el auge que alcanzó la Salud Comunitaria durante esa época, en 1924, se funda la Escuela Nacional de Sanidad, creándose en 1932 las especialidades de Enfermero Psiquiátrico, Enfermeras Pediátricas y Enfermeras Visitadoras. CONCLUSIONES E IMPLICACIÓN PARA LA PRÁCTICA Entre 1915 y 1950 los profesionales de enfermería poseían formación universitaria, por tanto, a través del conocimiento científico estos sanitarios adquirieron una identidad propia dentro de las profesiones de la salud. Se logró proporcionar una asistencia especializada para el cuidado de personas.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To know the evolution of the academic formation of the Spanish infirmary (1850-1950), describing the changes that transformed it into sanitary profession. METHOD Historical research in the exploratory-descriptive modality, with analysis and interpretation of information obtained from electronic databases, national, provincial and municipal archives, official gazettes and libraries. RESULTS In 1850 different health categories coexisted, however, the title of nurse did not emerge until 1915. With the boom that Community Health reached during that time, in 1924, the National School of Health was founded, creating in 1932 the specialties of Psychiatric Nurse, Pediatric Nurse and Visiting Nurse of Mental Hygiene. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Between 1915 and 1950 all nursing professionals had university training, therefore, through scientific knowledge these health professionals acquired their own identity within the health professions and they were able to provide specialized assistance for the care of people.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To know the evolution of the academic formation of the Spanish infirmary (1850-1950), describing the changes that transformed it into sanitary profession. METHOD Historical research in the exploratory-descriptive modality, with analysis and interpretation of information obtained from electronic databases, national, provincial and municipal archives, official gazettes and libraries. RESULTS In 1850 different health categories coexisted, however, the title of nurse did not emerge until 1915. With the boom that Community Health reached during that time, in 1924, the National School of Health was founded, creating in 1932 the specialties of Psychiatric Nurse, Pediatric Nurse and Visiting Nurse of Mental Hygiene. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Between 1915 and 1950 all nursing professionals had university training, therefore, through scientific knowledge these health professionals acquired their own identity within the health professions and they were able to provide specialized assistance for the care of people.

Shaping nursing profession regulation through history - a systematic review.

AIM: The aim of this systematic review was to provide a critical synthesis of the factors that historically shaped the advancements of nursing regulators worldwide. BACKGROUND: An in-depth examination of the different factors that moulded regulatory changes over time is pivotal to comprehend current issues in nursing. INTRODUCTION: In the light of global health scenarios, the researchers explored the factors that historically influenced the socio-contextual circumstances upon which governments made regulatory changes. METHODS: A systematic search was performed on the following databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, OpenGrey and ScienceDirect. The review included papers from January 2000 to October 2016 published in English. The authors used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and an inductive thematic approach for synthesis. RESULTS: Two main themes were identified: factors underpinning current challenges and historical and contextual triggers of regulation. The first theme was composed of three aspects: education, migration and internationalization, and policy and regulation; the second theme consisted of four attributes: demographics, economics, history of registration and wars, and historical changes in nursing practice. DISCUSSION: Factors that shaped nursing regulation were linked to changing demographics and economics, education, history of nursing registration, shifting patterns of migration and internationalization, nursing practice, policy and regulation and significant societal turns often prompted by wars. CONCLUSION: A deeper understanding of the developments of the nursing regulatory institutions provides the foundation for portable standards that can be applied across an array of jurisdictions to guarantee a better public safety. IMPLICATION FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY: Understanding factors that socially, legislatively and politically have influenced the development of regulatory bodies over time helps to mould local, national and international policies that have a stronger impact on health worldwide. To achieve this, there must be effective cooperation among systems of nursing regulations globally.

Challenging Authority: The Impact of Practicing Nursing in the Legislature.

How does challenging authority look? This article describes two steps taken to prepare for and engage in challenges to existing laws. The first step is use of the nursing process to help structure deliberations about when to pursue, justify, and target a challenge to existing law to create desired outcomes. The second step is the important process of building the case for change and the broad base of support needed to push against resistance to change. The article details two examples of specific legislative successes the author accomplished using these two steps.

Summer of protest message is getting through.

Nursing Management subscribers are receiving print copies of the September issue just days before the RCN's latest move in its Scrap the Cap pay campaign, its 'biggest ever UK rally', in London on Wednesday 6 September. According to general secretary Janet Davies, the 'summer of protest' message is getting through.

New campaign to promote nursing.

Nurses are too often 'invisible, taken for granted and prevented from being as effective as they could be', according to a former health minister and NHS leader.