Contribution of proactive management of healthcare risks to the reduction of adverse events in a maternity hospital.

BACKGROUND: The risks of the childbirth assistance process are still very high, both for mothers and babies. According to the WHO, birth-related asphyxia accounts for 23% of all 3.3 million annual neonatal deaths and an even larger number of survivors with disabilities. On the other hand, maternal mortality is still a global challenge, affecting 17 mothers per 100 000 births in the USA. This is associated with the use of outdated technologies and a lack of well-defined processes in monitoring labour and early recognition of maternal clinical deterioration. METHOD: This study used Lean methodology to map the care flow for pregnant women in a Brazilian maternity hospital (Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein) in order to identify the risks within this process and a set of actions to minimise them. The work team consisted of 29 individuals, including local medical and nursing leaders, as well as healthcare professionals. The What-if tool was used to categorise the levels of risks, and the proportion of severe and catastrophic adverse events was evaluated before and after the implementation of changes. RESULTS: After the implementation of the actions, 100% of the extreme risks (28 risks) and 8% of the high risks (4 risks) were eliminated. This led to a reduction in the interval between severe/catastrophic events from 126 to 284 days, even with an increase in the average monthly number of visits from 367 to 449. Consequently, the weighted value of events decreased from 7.91 to 3.29 per 1000 patients treated, resulting in an annual cost savings of R$693 646.80 (US$139 000.00). DISCUSSION: The construction of a process based on Lean methodology was essential for mapping the involved risks and implementing a set of actions to minimise them. The participation of the healthcare team and leadership seemed to be important in choosing the measures to be adopted and their applicability. The results found can be attributed to both the established changes and the safety culture brought about by this constructive process.

Current hospital policies on breastfeeding: a survey from Italy.

BACKGROUND: The availability of an appropriate newborn feeding policy is an essential component of the promotion of breastfeeding in health facilities. The Italian Society of Neonatology (SIN) and the Italian Society of Paediatrics (SIP) have run an online survey among Maternity Hospitals to explore the existing breastfeeding policies and their characteristics. METHODS: Between February and April 2023, an online survey was carried out among 110 Italian maternity hospitals with a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). RESULTS: Forty-nine Maternity Hospitals completed the online questionnaire. Twenty out of 49 (40.8%) reported to have a breastfeeding policy. When a policy is available, its quality appears to be suboptimal because of lack of inclusion of a family representative in the policy working group, limited options for translating breastfeeding policy into minority languages, lack of periodic assessment of their implementation. CONCLUSION: Currently, only a limited number of Italian Maternity Hospitals have developed a breastfeeding policy. Additional efforts are needed for their improvement as well as implementation.

Stillbirth rates and their determinants in a national maternity hospital in Phnom Penh, Cambodia in 2017-2020: a cross-sectional assessment with a nested case-control study.

BACKGROUND: In Cambodia, stillbirths and their underlying factors have not been systematically studied. This study aimed to assess the proportion and trends in stillbirths between 2017 and 2020 in a large maternity referral hospital in the country and identify their key determinants to inform future prevention efforts. METHODS: This was a retrospective cross-sectional analysis with a nested case-control study of women giving birth at the National Maternal and Child Health Centre (NMCHC) in Phnom Penh, 2017-2020. We calculated percentages of singleton births at ≥ 22 weeks' gestation resulting in stillbirth and annual stillbirth rates by timing: intrapartum (fresh) or antepartum (macerated). Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore factors associated with stillbirth, where cases were all women who gave birth to a singleton stillborn baby in the 4-year period. One singleton live birth immediately following each case served as an unmatched control. Multiple imputation was used to handle missing data for gestational age. RESULTS: Between 2017 and 2020, 3.2% of singleton births ended in stillbirth (938/29,742). The stillbirth rate increased from 24.8 per 1000 births in 2017 to 38.1 per 1000 births in 2020, largely due to an increase in intrapartum stillbirth rates which rose from 18.8 to 27.4 per 1000 births in the same period. The case-control study included 938 cases (stillbirth) and 938 controls (livebirths). Factors independently associated with stillbirth were maternal age ≥ 35 years compared to < 20 years (aOR: 1.82, 95%CI: 1.39, 2.38), extreme (aOR: 3.29, 95%CI: 2.37, 4.55) or moderate (aOR: 2.45, 95%CI: 1.74, 3.46) prematurity compared with full term, and small-for-gestational age (SGA) (aOR: 2.32, 1.71, 3.14) compared to average size-for-age. Breech/transverse births had nearly four times greater odds of stillbirth (aOR: 3.84, 95%CI: 2.78, 5.29), while caesarean section reduced the odds by half compared with vaginal birth (aOR: 0.50, 95%CI: 0.39, 0.64). A history of abnormal vaginal discharge increased odds of stillbirth (aOR: 1.42, 95%CI: 1.11, 1.81) as did a history of stillbirth (aOR: 3.08, 95%CI: 1.5, 6.5). CONCLUSIONS: Stillbirth prevention in this maternity referral hospital in Cambodia requires strengthening preterm birth detection and management of SGA, intrapartum care, monitoring women with stillbirth history, management of breech births, and further investigation of high-risk referral cases.

In Cambodia, there is very little information published on stillbirths to know precisely how many there are and to understand the underlying reasons they occur so they can be prevented in the future. Our study aimed to quantify the number of stillborn babies and identify some underlying risk factors from one of the largest maternity referral hospitals in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. We examined data from almost 30,000 health facility medical files of women who gave birth between 2017 and 2020 which included 938 stillbirths. We found that about 3.2% of births ended in a stillbirth and that this percentage increased between 2017 and 2020. Women who had preterm babies, or whose babies were small in weight for their gestational age, and babies that were born breech had a higher chance of being stillborn. Women who had abnormal vaginal discharge, which can indicate a possible infection, also had a higher odds of having a stillbirth. We also found that women who had a stillbirth previously had almost three times higher chance of having another stillborn baby. Having a caesarean section reduced the likelihood of having a stillborn baby by about half. These findings suggest that efforts are needed to better identify and manage women with preterm births and monitor fetal growth as well as ensure breech births are managed adequately.

Perfil de serviços públicos que realizam avaliação do frênulo lingual em neonatos no Rio Grande do Norte / Profile of health services that assessthelingual frenulum of newborns in public and maternity hospitals of Rio Grande do Norte state / Perfil de servicios que realizanevaluación del frenillo lingual en neonatos en hospitales públicos y maternidades del estado de Rio Grande do Norte

Introdução:A anquiloglossia é caracterizada pela alteração do frênulo lingual resultando na restrição dos movimentos da língua. A avaliação do frênulo lingual em neonatos é importante para diagnosticar precocemente essa alteração. Objetivo:Traçar perfil de serviços que realizam avaliação do frênulo lingual em neonatos nos hospitais e maternidades públicas do estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Metodologia:Trata-se de um estudo observacional, descritivo e transversal, com abordagem quantitativa. Foram incluídos na pesquisa as maternidades públicas e filantrópicas do estadoque realizam procedimentos obstétricos e assistência materno-infantil. As informações acerca da avaliação do frênulo lingual em neonatos e caracterização desses serviços foram coletadas por meio de um questionário eletrônico. Os dados foram armazenados em planilhas no Excel e analisados através do programa estatístico SPSS versão 23.0, em queforam conduzidas análises das variáveis investigadas.Resultados:Participaram do estudo 23 hospitais e maternidades públicas do estado, econstatou-se que apenas 7 (30,44%) ofertam a avaliação do frênulo lingual em neonatos no próprio estabelecimento, enquantoas demais encaminham para outros serviços. O exame foi implantado nas maternidades entre os anos de 2014 e 2018. A quantidade de profissionais que realizam esta avaliação variou entre 1 e 9 por instituição, e os profissionais envolvidos foram os fonoaudiólogos e cirurgiões-dentistas. A prevalência da anquiloglossia variou de 3,7% a 14,5%. A maioria das maternidades realizam a frenotomia e o profissional que executa é o médico ou cirurgião-dentista.Conclusões:Constatou-se uma baixa oferta da avaliação do frênulo lingual em neonatos no próprio estabelecimento de nascimento. Além disso, essa oferta ainda não acontece de forma universal, principalmente no interior do estado (AU).

Introduction:Ankyloglossia is characterized by alterations in the lingual frenulum resulting in restricted tongue movements. Assessing the lingual frenulum in newborns is important for early diagnosis of this disorder. Objective:Describe the profile of health servicesthat assess the lingual frenulum of newborns in public and maternity hospitals of Rio Grande do Norte state. Methodology:This is a cross-sectional descriptive study using a quantitative approach. Included in the research were public and philanthropic maternity hospitals in statethat perform obstetric procedures and provide maternal and child care. The information about lingual frenulum assessment in newborns and characterization of these health services was collected via an electronic questionnaire. The data were stored in Excel spreadsheets and analyzed using the SPSS version 23.0 program, where analyses of the variables investigated were carried out. Results:A total of 23 public and maternity hospitalsparticipated, only 7 of which (30.44%) assessed the lingual frenulum of newborns on site, while the others referred them to other medical facilities. The examination was implemented in maternity hospitals between 2014 and 2018. The number of professionals who performed this assessment varied between 1 and 9 per institution, and included speech therapists, and dentists. The prevalence of ankyloglossia ranged from 3.7 to 14.5%. Most of the maternity hospitals performed frenotomy, where the procedure was conducted by a doctor or dentist. Conclusions:On-site lingual frenulum assessment of newborns was low in the institutions, and does not occur universally, mainly in the rural areas of the state (AU).

Introducción: La anquiloglosia se caracteriza por la alteración del frenillo lingual que resulta en la restricción de los movimientos de la lengua. La evaluación del frenillo lingual en neonatos es importante para un diagnóstico precoz de este trastorno.Objetivo: Delinear un perfil de servicios que realizanevaluación del frenillo lingual en neonatos en hospitales públicos y maternidades del estado de Rio Grande do Norte.Metodología: Se trata de un estudio observacional y transversal con enfoque cuantitativo. Se incluyeron en la investigación las maternidades públicas y filantrópicas del estadoque realizan procedimientos obstétricos y de atención materno-infantil. La información sobre la evaluación del frenillo lingual en neonatos y la caracterización de estos servicios fui recogido por medio de un cuestionario electrónico. Los datos fueron almacenados en hojas Excel y analizados utilizando el programa estadístico SPSSversión 23.0, donde se realizaron análisis de las variables investigadas. Resultados: Un total de 23 hospitales públicos y maternidades participaron del estudio, en el que se constató que solo 7 (30,44%) evalúan el frenillo lingual en neonatos en establecimiento propio, mientras los demás refieren a otros servicios. El examen se implementó en las maternidades entre 2014 y 2018. El número de profesionales que realizan esta evaluación varió entre 1 y 9 por institución, y los profesionales involucrados fueron terapeutas del habla y odontólogos. La prevalencia de anquiloglosia varió entre 3,7 y 14,5 %. La mayoría de las maternidades realizan la frenotomía y el profesional que la realiza es el médico u odontólogo. Conclusiones: Hubo una baja oferta de avaluación del frenillo lingual en neonatos en el propio establecimiento. Además, esta oferta aún no es universal, especialmente en el interior del estado (AU).

Quiz interativo: estratégia para capacitação de profissionais sobre manejo de resíduos de serviços de saúde / Interactive quiz: strategy for training professionals on the management of medical waste / Quiz interactivo: estrategia para la formación de profesionales en la gestión de residuos de servicios sanitarios

Objetivo: Avaliar a aplicação de estratégia tecnológica, Quiz Interativo "Manejando RSS", como ferramenta facilitadora para capacitação em serviço sobre manejo de resíduos de serviços de saúde para profissionais atuantes em Maternidade de Alto Risco. Métodos: Pesquisa exploratória, descritiva, abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvida no período de 14 a 17 de janeiro de 2020. A população foi composta de 60 profissionais de diferentes categorias, selecionados através de amostragem por conveniência. Os dados foram coletados através da aplicação de questionário semiestruturado ao final da participação dos profissionais na atividade de capacitação. Os dados encontrados foram inseridos no Google Forms, cujos recursos auxiliaram na análise descritiva de frequência e interpretação. Resultados: Do total de 60 participantes, 90% consideraram ótima a relevância do tema, tanto quanto 85% os assuntos abordados, 88,3% a metodologia utilizada, 58,3% o tempo destinado à atividade, 63,3% o aproveitamento da atividade, e a contribuição para melhoria da qualidade assistencial, 81,6%. Contudo, 60% dos participantes não emitiram críticas nem sugestões sobre a atividade desenvolvida. Conclusão: O estudo evidenciou que a estratégia implementada foi fundamental para estimular o envolvimento e participação da equipe multiprofissional em atividade de educação em serviço, contribuindo para as Boas Práticas no manejo de resíduos de serviços de saúde. (AU)

Objective: Evaluate the application of a technological strategy, Interactive Quiz "Handling Medical Waste", as a facilitating tool for in-service training on the management of Medical Waste for professionals working in High-Risk Maternity Hospitals. Methods: Exploratory, descriptive research, quantitative approach, developed in the period from January 14 to 17, 2020. The population consisted of 60 professionals from different categories, selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected through the application of a semi-structured questionnaire at the end of the participation of professionals in the training activity. The data found were entered into Google Forms, whose resources helped in the descriptive analysis of frequency and interpretation. Results: Of the total of 60 participants, 90% considered the relevance of the topic excellent, as much as 85% the subjects covered, 88.3% the methodology used, 58.3% the time devoted to the activity, 63.3% the use of the activity, and the contribution to improving the quality of care, 81.6%. However, 60% of the participants did not issue criticism or suggestions about the activity developed. Conclusion: The study showed that the implemented strategies were essential to encourage the involvement and participation of the multidisciplinary team in in-service education activities, contributing to Good Practices in the management of Medical Waste. (AU)

Objetivo: Evaluar la aplicación de una estrategia tecnológica, Quiz Interactivo "Manipulación de Residuos Sanitarios", como herramienta facilitadora de la formación en servicio en gestión de residuos sanitarios para profesionales que laboran en Maternidades de Alto Riesgo. Métodos: Investigación exploratoria, descriptiva, enfoque cuantitativo, desarrollado en el período del 14 al 17 de enero de 2020. La población estuvo conformada por 60 profesionales de diferentes categorias, seleccionados mediante muestreo de conveniencia. La recogida de datos se realizó mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario semiestructurado al finalizar la participación de los profesionales en la actividad formativa. Los datos encontrados fueron ingresados en Google Forms, cuyos recursos ayudaron en el análisis descriptivo de frecuencia e interpretación. Resultados: Del total de 60 participantes, el 90% consideró excelente la relevancia del tema, hasta 85% de los sujetos cubiertos, 88,3% la metodología utilizada, 58,3% el tiempo dedicado a la actividad, 63,3% el uso de la actividad, y el contribución a la mejora de la calidad de la atención, 81,6%. Sin embargo, el 60% de los participantes no emitió críticas ni sugerencias sobre la actividad desarrollada. Conclusión: El estudio mostró que las estrategias implementadas fueron fundamentales para incentivar el involucramiento y participación del equipo multidisciplinario en las actividades de educación en servicio, contribuyendo a las Buenas Prácticas en la gestión de residuos de los servicios sanitarios. (AU)

Policies and Practices in a Cohort of Mississippi Birthing Hospitals During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background and Objectives: Guidance around maternity care practices and infant feeding during the COVID-19 pandemic changed over time and was sometimes conflicting. Hospital maternity practices influence breastfeeding, an important preventive strategy against viral illness. Most birthing hospitals in Mississippi are enrolled in CHAMPS, a quality improvement initiative to support breastfeeding and continuously collect maternity care data. The aims of this study were to (1) assess changes to maternity care policies in response to COVID-19, and (2) compare hospital-level breastfeeding, skin-to-skin, and rooming-in rates, at cohort hospitals, before and during the pandemic, overall and stratified by race. Methods: Hospitals responded to a survey on maternity policies in May and September 2020 (Aim 1); hospitals submitted data on breastfeeding and maternity care practices before and during the pandemic (Aim 2). We tested for differences in survey responses using chi-squared statistics and performed an interrupted time series analysis on breastfeeding and maternity care practices data. Results: Twenty-six hospitals responded to the May and September 2020 surveys. Hospitals used different sources to create maternity care policies, and policies differed between institutions. Trends in rates of any and exclusive breastfeeding in the hospital cohort plateaued during the pandemic, in comparison to previous gains, and rates of skin-to-skin and hospital rooming-in decreased. No differences were evident between races. Conclusions: Policies (Aim 1) and practices in the quality improvement cohort hospitals were inconsistent during the COVID-19 pandemic, and changes measured to practices were detrimental (Aim 2). Ongoing monitoring is recommended.

Intervenções psicológicas necessárias: a prática como residente no serviço de medicina fetal / Necessary psychological interventions: the practice as a resident in the fetal medicine service / Intervenciones psicológicas necesarias: la práctica como residente en el servicio de medicina fetal

Com os avanços tecnológicos e o aprimoramento da prática médica via ultrassonografia, já é possível detectar possíveis problemas no feto desde a gestação. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a prática do psicólogo no contexto de gestações que envolvem riscos fetais. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo sob formato de relato de experiência como psicólogo residente no Serviço de Medicina Fetal da Maternidade Escola da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). Os registros, feitos por observação participante e diário de campo, foram analisados em dois eixos temáticos: 1) intervenções psicológicas no trabalho em equipe em consulta de pré-natal, exame de ultrassonografia e procedimento de amniocentese; e 2) intervenções psicológicas em casos de bebês incompatíveis com a vida. Os resultados indicaram que o psicólogo nesse serviço é essencial para atuar de forma multiprofissional na assistência pré-natal para gravidezes de alto risco fetal. Ademais, a preceptoria do residente é relevante para sua formação e treinamento para atuação profissional no campo da psicologia perinatal.(AU)

Face to the technological advances and the improvement of medical practice via ultrasound, it is already possible to detect possible problems in the fetus since pregnancy. The objective of this study was to analyze the psychologist's practice in the context of pregnancies which involve fetal risks. It is a qualitative study based on an experience report as a psychologist trainee at the Fetal Medicine Service of the Maternity School of UFRJ. The records, based on the participant observation and field diary, were analyzed in two thematic axes: 1) psychological interventions in the teamwork in the prenatal attendance, ultrasound examination and amniocentesis procedure; and 2) psychological interventions in cases of babies incompatible to the life. The results indicated that the psychologist in this service is essential to work in a multidisciplinary way at the prenatal care for high fetal risk pregnancies. Furthermore, the resident's preceptorship is relevant to their education and training for professional performance in the field of Perinatal Psychology.(AU)

Con los avances tecnológicos y la mejora de la práctica médica a través de la ecografía, ya se puede detectar posibles problemas en el feto desde el embarazo. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la práctica del psicólogo en el contexto de embarazos de riesgos fetal. Es un estudio cualitativo basado en un relato de experiencia como residente de psicología en el Servicio de Medicina Fetal de la Escuela de Maternidad de la Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). Los registros, realizados en la observación participante y el diario de campo, se analizaron en dos ejes temáticos: 1) intervenciones psicológicas en el trabajo en equipo, en la consulta prenatal, ecografía y los procedimientos de amniocentesis; y 2) intervenciones psicológicas en casos de bebés incompatibles con la vida. Los resultados señalaron como fundamental la presencia del psicólogo en este servicio trabajando de forma multidisciplinar en la atención prenatal en el contexto de embarazos de alto riesgo fetal. Además, la tutela del residente es relevante para su educación y formación para el desempeño profesional en el campo de la Psicología Perinatal.(AU)

Relação entre iniquidade racial e violência obstétrica no parto / Relation between racial inequality and obstetric violence in childbirth

A iniquidade racial é a desigualdade em oportunidades e condições de vida que acontece em decorrência da etnia de uma pessoa. Indivíduos pretos, pardos e indígenas são modelos de povos que resistem aos desafios subsequentes dos processos históricos de segregação. Objetivo: Verificar a influência dos aspectos raciais na prática de violência obstétrica na atenção ao parto e nascimento. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo com abordagem quantitativa, de corte transversal, com coleta de dados prospectiva, realizado em uma maternidade pública na cidade de Goiânia, Goiás. Resultados: Pode-se determinar um cuidado menos satisfatórios para as mulheres negras quando comparado com as brancas para a maioria dos indicadores avaliados neste estudo. Mulheres pretas e pardas têm maior chance de sofrerem manobra de Kristeller, amniotomia precoce, privação alimentar no trabalho de parto, clampeamento imediato do cordão umbilical e menor chance de contato pele a pele e de ser ofertado métodos não farmacológicos para o alívio da dor. Conclusão: O fator raça/cor influencia no tratamento em que as mulheres recebem dentro do estabelecimento de saúde.

Racial inequity is inequality in opportunities and living conditions that occurs as a result of a person's ethnicity. Black, brown and indigenous individuals are models of peoples who resist the subsequent challenges of historical processes of segregation. Objective: To verify the influence of racial aspects in the practice of obstetric violence in labor and birth care. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, with prospective data collection, carried out in a public maternity hospital in the city of Goiânia, Goiás. Results: Less satisfactory care can be determined for black women when compared to white women for most of the indicators evaluated in this study. Black and brown women are more likely to undergo the Kristeller maneuver, early amniotomy, food deprivation during labor, immediate clamping of the umbilical cord and less chance of skin-to-skin contact and being offered non-pharmacological methods for pain relief. Conclusion: The race/color factor alone influences the treatment that women receive within the health establishment.

Amamentação na primeira hora de vida em município do interior do Rio de Janeiro: fatores associados / Lactancia materna en la primera hora de vida en una ciudad del interior de Río de Janeiro: factores asociados / Breastfeeding in the first hour of life in a city in the countryside of Rio de Janeiro: associated factors

Resumo Objetivo analisar a amamentação na primeira hora de vida e os fatores associados em um município do interior do Rio de Janeiro. Método estudo online transversal, realizado entre maio de 2021 e agosto de 2022, com 97 parturientes do município de Rio das Ostras. Na associação entre variáveis, adotaram-se o Teste Qui-Quadrado e regressão logística. Resultados entre as participantes, 77,3% pariram na maternidade pública e 22,7% na maternidade privada. A prevalência da amamentação na primeira hora de vida na sala de parto e no alojamento conjunto foi, respectivamente, de 21,6% e 58,3%, com diferenças significativas entre as maternidades. Puérperas da maternidade pública tiveram mais chances de não amamentar na primeira hora de vida. Ter ensino básico aumentou as chances de o bebê não ser amamentado na sala de parto e não realizar contato pele a pele precoce, além de não ser amamentado no alojamento conjunto. Conclusão e implicações para a prática a amamentação na primeira hora de vida não atingiu níveis preconizados, e distintos fatores associados à sua ocorrência foram identificados, como nível de instrução, local do parto e contato pele a pele. Recomenda-se que maternidades implementem as práticas humanizadas no cuidado ao recém-nascido, para elevar as taxas da amamentação na primeira hora de vida.

Resumen Objetivo analizar la lactancia materna en la primera hora de vida y los factores asociados en una ciudad del interior de Río de Janeiro. Método estudio transversal en línea, realizado entre mayo de 2021 y agosto de 2022, con 97 parturientas en el municipio de Rio das Ostras. En la asociación entre variables se utilizó la prueba de chi-cuadrado y regresión logística. Resultados entre las participantes, 77,3% dieron a luz en la maternidad pública y 22,7% en la maternidad privada. La prevalencia de lactancia materna en la primera hora de vida en paritorio y en alojamiento conjunto fue, respectivamente, del 21,6% y del 58,3%, con diferencias significativas entre maternidades. Las puérperas de la maternidad pública fueron más propensas a no amamantar en la primera hora de vida. Tener educación básica aumentó las posibilidades de que el bebé no fuera amamantado en la sala de partos y no tuviera contacto piel a piel temprano, además de no ser amamantado en el alojamiento conjunto. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica la lactancia materna en la primera hora de vida no alcanzó los niveles recomendados y se identificaron diferentes factores asociados a su ocurrencia, como el nivel de instrucción, el lugar del parto y el contacto piel con piel. Se recomienda que las maternidades implementen prácticas humanizadas en la atención al recién nacido para incrementar las tasas de lactancia materna en la primera hora de vida.

Abstract Objective to analyze breastfeeding in the first hour of life and associated factors in a city in the countryside of Rio de Janeiro. Method a cross-sectional online study, carried out between May 2021 and August 2022, with 97 parturient women in the municipality of Rio das Ostras. In the association between variables, the chi-square test and logistic regression were used. Results among the participants, 77.3% gave birth in the public maternity hospital and 22.7% in the private maternity hospital. The prevalence of breastfeeding in the first hour of life in the delivery room and in rooming-in was, respectively, 21.6% and 58.3%, with significant differences between maternity hospitals. Postpartum women from the public maternity hospital were more likely to not breastfeed in the first hour of life. Having basic education increased the chances of the baby not being breastfed in the delivery room and not having early skin-to-skin contact and not breastfeeding breastfed in rooming-in. Conclusion and implications for practice breastfeeding in the first hour of life did not reach recommended levels and different factors associated with its occurrence were identified, such as education level, place of childbirth and skin-to-skin contact. It is recommended that maternity hospitals implement humanized practices in newborn care to increase breastfeeding rates in the first hour of life.

Risk management of adverse events in a maternity hospital.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the root causes of adverse events in a maternity hospital through risk management. METHOD: Action research with seven nursing professionals given their expressive capillarity in the service. The study was conducted between January 2020 and February 2021. The field of study was a public maternity hospital, in which a situational diagnosis of adverse events was carried out, and a questionnaire was applied to employees. In the thematic seminars, quality improvement tools were applied to identify the root causes of adverse events. Similar reports were grouped and analyzed. RESULTS: With risk management, the root causes for adverse events related to patient identification, falls and prescription, use and administration of medications were identified. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: Weaknesses were observed in many fields that support adverse events. The institution must adopt consistent investments and collective attention. The study is still ongoing.

Analysis of the structural adequacy of maternity hospitals in Piauí, Brazil, 2018-2019 / Análise da adequação estrutural das maternidades do Piauí, Brasil, 2018-2019

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the structure and adequacy of maternal healthcare facilities in Piauí. Methods: cross-sectional study in 26 hospitals with more than 200 births/year between 2018-2019. The structure was assessed by direct observation and interview with manager, in four domains: physical aspects, human resources, equipment, and drugs. Fisher's chi-square/exact tests were used to assess differences in adequacy of structure. Results: only 46.2% of the maternal healthcare facilities had pre-delivery, parturition and immediate post-partum room. Pediatricians (73.1%) and anesthesiologists (61.5%) were the least present professionals on-duty regime. Regarding drugs, magnesium sulfate and oxytocin were observed in 76.9% of hospitals. Overall adequacy was 23.1%, being higher in maternal healthcare facilities in the capital (p=0.034) and in private ones (p=0.031). Conclusions: Data show inequalities in the structure of maternity hospitals of the state. The absence of health professionals, essential drugs, and appropriate physical structure can expose women and newborns to unnecessary and avoidable risks.

Resumo Objetivos: avaliar a estrutura e adequação das maternidades do Piauí. Métodos: estudo transversal em 26 hospitais com mais de 200 partos/ano entre 2018 e 2019. A estrutura foi avaliada por observação direta e entrevista com gestor, em quatro domínios: aspectos físicos, recursos humanos, equipamentos e medicamentos. Foram empregados os testes do quiquadrado/exato de Fisher para avaliar diferenças na adequação da estrutura. Resultados: apenas 46,2% das maternidades tinham quarto pré-parto, parto e puerpério. Pediatras (73,1%) e anestesistas (61,5%) foram os profissionais menos presentes em regime de plantão. Dos medicamentes, sulfato de magnésio e ocitocina foram observados em 76,9% dos hospitais. A adequação global foi de 23,1%, sendo maior em maternidades da capital (p=0,034) e privadas (p=0,031) Conclusões: os dados exibem desigualdades na estrutura das maternidades do estado. A ausência de profissionais de saúde, medicamentos essenciais e estrutura física apropriada pode expor mulheres e recém-nascidos a riscos desnecessários e evitáveis.

Presence of a full-time companion in Brazilian maternities linked to the Rede Cegonha. / Presença do acompanhante em tempo integral em maternidades brasileiras vinculadas à Rede Cegonha.

The objective was to estimate the proportion of women with a full-time companion in Brazilian maternities linked to the Rede Cegonha (RC) and to compare them between the macro-regions in Brazil. A nationwide study, carried out from December/2016 to October/2017. 10,665 puerperal women from all regions of Brazil participated in the study, who gave birth at one of 606 maternity hospitals with a regional action plan approved by RC. Proportions and respective 95% confidence intervals were estimated, adjusted for the cluster effect, by comparing the macro-regions using Wald's chi-square test. The presence of a full-time companion occurred in 71.2% of maternities, being higher among women aged 20-35 years, brown-skinned, with higher education, married, and assisted in vaginal delivery. Almost 30% of puerperal women did not have a full-time companion. In the Southeast and Midwest regions, self-declared black women, with less schooling and unmarried women were less accompanied. The moment of delivery had less presence of the companion (29.2%). Despite the advances, this right is still not fully fulfilled, pointing to the occurrence of social inequities among Brazilian macro-regions.

Objetivou-se estimar a proporção de mulheres com acompanhante em tempo integral em maternidades brasileiras vinculadas à Rede Cegonha (RC) e compará-las entre as macrorregiões no Brasil. Estudo de abrangência nacional, realizado no período de dezembro de 2016 a outubro de 2017. Participaram do estudo 10.665 puérperas de todas as regiões do Brasil, que pariram em uma das 606 maternidades com plano de ação regional aprovado na RC. Foram estimadas proporções e respectivos intervalos de confiança a 95%, ajustados para o efeito do cluster, comparando-se as macrorregiões pelo teste Qui-quadrado de Wald. A presença do acompanhante em tempo integral ocorreu em 71,2% das maternidades, sendo maior entre puérperas com idade de 20-35 anos, de cor parda, com maior escolaridade, casadas e assistidas em parto vaginal. Quase 30% das puérperas não tiveram acompanhante em tempo integral. Nas regiões Sudeste e Centro-Oeste, mulheres pretas autodeclaradas, de menor escolaridade e solteiras foram menos acompanhadas. O momento do parto teve menor presença do acompanhante (29,2%). Apesar dos avanços, este direito ainda não é cumprido integralmente, apontando para a ocorrência de iniquidades sociais entre as macrorregiões brasileiras.

Hacia una atención de calidad integral en las maternidades con perspectiva de derechos humanos / Towards a comprehensive quality of care in birthing facilities with human rights perspective

Resumen La calidad de la atención obstétrica hoy no solo se limita a tener profesionales con competencias técnicas basadas en evidencia científica, sino que incluye la atención centrada en la mujer, persona gestante y su familia, como expresión del respeto de sus derechos humanos. Este artículo revisa cómo el tema ha sido abordado globalmente y nacionalmente desde la Conferencia de Fortaleza en 1985 hasta la presentación reciente de proyectos de ley en el parlamento chileno.

Abstract Obstetric quality of care today means not only having skilled providers with evidence-based competences but it includes woman, pregnant person and family-centered reproductive health as expression of respect of their human rights. This article reviews how this issue has been approached in a global and national level since Fortaleza Conference in 1985 until recent bills of law proposed before Chilean parliament.

Induction of labour: creation of a classification of Grenoble allowing an assessment of the evaluation of practices.

BACKGROUND: Induction of labour, a very common obstetric procedure, affects about one in five pregnant women in most developed countries. Induction of labour is medically indicated, is subject to risks and additional costs, and is often poorly experienced by patients. The practices concerning induction vary widely from centre to centre and therefore need to be evaluated. Our aim was to develop a tool for evaluating induction of labour which would facilitate geographical and temporal comparisons. METHODS: We have created a classification based on the principles of the internationally known Robson classification. It should be simple, robust, reproducible and require readily available data in each file. The groups are fully inclusive and mutually exclusive. This classification has been validated by a Delphi method. RESULTS: Our classification includes 8 clinically relevant groups according to 5 obstetrical criteria. In order to classify each patient into a group, a simple system based on a maximum of 7 successive questions (from 1 to 7 questions) is used. Our classification has been validated by 13 national experts with satisfactory overall approval. CONCLUSIONS: With a view to improving the quality of care, our Grenoble classification would allow a standardization of the evaluation of practices of the induction of labour over time in the same maternity hospital. It would also allow the comparison of practices within different maternity hospitals in a network, a country or even different countries.

Evidências e fatores associados ao fenômeno de adiamento da maternidade no Brasil / Evidence and factors associated with the maternity postponement phenomenon in Brazil / Evidencia y factores asociados al fenómeno de aplazamiento de la maternidad en Brasil

Este trabalho tem como objetivo contribuir com a literatura sobre o fenômeno do adiamento da maternidade no Brasil, bem como analisar seus principais fatores associados. A pesquisa aborda o período de 1992 a 2015, considerando as informações da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD), do IBGE, e a análise de sobrevivência que possibilita caracterizar aquelas mulheres com nascimentos de primeira ordem. Os resultados constatam uma tendência crescente da postergação da maternidade no Brasil e que aquelas com mais chances de adiar a maternidade são brancas, solteiras, residentes em áreas urbanas, metropolitanas e na região Sudeste. Ademais, foi possível identificar que, entre os principais fatores que contribuem para essa tendência, estão o investimento em capital humano e a participação no mercado de trabalho, preponderantes para o adiamento da maternidade.

This paper aims to contribute to the literature on the phenomenon of postponement of motherhood in Brazil, as well as to analyze its main associated factors. The research analyzes the period from 1992 to 2015, considering information from the National Household Sample Survey and the survival analysis that makes it possible to characterize those women who are surviving without children or postponing their first child. The results show a growing tendency in maternity postponement in Brazil and that those most likely to postpone motherhood are white, single, living in urban, metropolitan areas and in the Southeast region. In addition, it was possible to identify that among the main factors that contribute to this trend is investment in human capital and participation in the labor market, which are preponderant for the postponement of motherhood.

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo contribuir a la literatura sobre el fenómeno del aplazamiento de la maternidad en Brasil, así como analizar sus principales factores asociados. La investigación analiza el período 1992-2015, considerando la información de la Encuesta Nacional de Muestras de Hogares y el análisis de supervivencia que permite caracterizar a las mujeres que sobreviven sin hijos o posponen a su primer hijo. Los resultados muestran una tendencia creciente de posponer la maternidad en Brasil y que quienes tienen más probabilidades de posponer la maternidad son blancas y solteras, y viven en áreas urbanas, metropolitanas y en el sudeste. Además, fue posible identificar que entre los principales factores que contribuyen a esta tendencia se encuentra la inversión en capital humano y la participación en el mercado laboral, que son preponderantes para el aplazamiento de la maternidad.

LATCH como ferramenta sistematizada para avaliação da técnica de amamentação na maternidade / LATCH como herramienta sistematizada para evaluar la técnica de lactancia en la maternidad / LATCH as a systematic tool for assessment of the breastfeeding technique in maternity

Resumo Objetivo Analisar as dificuldades das mulheres relacionadas à técnica de amamentação, segundo a escala LATCH e verificar relações com as características sociodemográficas, obstétricas e neonatais. Métodos Estudo analítico transversal com mulheres e respectivos filhos únicos em aleitamento materno exclusivo entre junho e dezembro de 2015. Os escores individuais e total da escala LATCH foram usados para avaliar a técnica de amamentação, considerando-se as dificuldades das mulheres para amamentar e as horas de vida da criança. Os testes Qui-quadrado, exato de Fisher, Kruskal-Wallis e um modelo linear generalizado foram usados para avaliar as relações entre os escores da LATCH e as características sociodemográficas, clínicas e obstétricas. Resultados Dentre as 162 duplas mãe-filho analisadas, as crianças com mais 48 horas de vida apresentaram menos dificuldades em relação à pega (p=0,002), à deglutição audível (p<0,001) e ao posicionamento (p<0,001). No item conforto, as puérperas com filhos com <24 horas de vida apresentaram menos dor (p=0,004). O LATCH foi menor para as mulheres com cirurgia mamária prévia (p=0,005), com filhos prematuros (p=0,011), peso menor de 2.500 gramas (p=0,006) e com <24 horas de vida. Conclusão O uso do LATCH foi útil na análise das dificuldades da técnica de amamentação das mulheres durante a fase da internação, considerando as características da mulher e da criança.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar las dificultades de las mujeres relacionadas con la técnica de lactancia, de acuerdo con la escala LATCH y verificar relaciones con características sociodemográficas, obstétricas y neonatales. Métodos Estudio analítico transversal con mujeres y sus respectivos hijos únicos en lactancia materna exclusiva entre julio y diciembre de 2015. La puntuación individual y total de la escala LATCH fue utilizada para evaluar la técnica de lactancia, considerando las dificultades de las mujeres para amamantar y las horas de vida del bebé. Para evaluar las relaciones entre la puntuación de LATCH y las características sociodemográficas, clínicas y obstétricas, se utilizó la prueba χ2 de Pearson, la prueba exacta de Fisher, la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis y un modelo lineal generalizado. Resultados Entre los 162 binomios madre e hijo analizados, los niños con más de 48 horas de vida presentaron menos dificultades con relación a la prendida (p=0,002), a la deglución audible (p<0,001) y a la colocación (p<0,001). En el área comodidad, las puérperas con hijos de <24 horas de vida presentaron menor dolor (p=0,004). La puntuación LATCH fue menor en mujeres con cirugía mamaria previa (p=0,005), con hijos prematuros (p=0,011), peso inferior a 2500 gramos (p=0,006) y con <24 horas de vida. Conclusión El uso de la escala LATCH fue útil para analizar las dificultades de la técnica de lactancia de mujeres durante la fase de internación, considerando las características de la mujer y del niño.

Abstract Objective To analyze women's difficulties related to the breastfeeding technique according to the LATCH tool and assess the relationships with sociodemographic, obstetric and neonatal characteristics. Methods Cross-sectional analytical study with women in a single birth and their children in exclusive breastfeeding between June and December 2015. The individual and total scores of the LATCH tool were used to assess the breastfeeding technique, considering women's difficulties to breastfeed and the child's hours of life. Chi-square, Fisher's exact, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and a generalized linear model were used to assess the relationships between LATCH scores and sociodemographic, clinical, and obstetric characteristics. Results Among the 162 mother-child pairs analyzed, children over 48 hours of life presented less difficulties in relation to latching (p=0.002), audible swallowing (p<0.001) and positioning (p<0.001). In the comfort item, women with infants <24 hours of life had less painful (p=0.004). The LATCH score was lower for women with previous breast surgery (p=0.005), with premature children (p=0.011) weighing less than 2,500 grams (p=0.006) and aged <24 hours of life. Conclusion The LATCH tool was useful in analyzing women's difficulties with the breastfeeding technique during the hospitalization phase, considering the characteristics of the woman and the child.

Incidence, risk factors and management of post cesarean section surgical site infection (SSI) in a tertiary hospital in Egypt: a five year retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the commonest complications following cesarean section (CS) with a reported incidence of 3-20%. SSI causes massive burdens on both the mother and the health care system. Moreover, it is associated with high maternal morbidity and mortality rate of up to 3%. This study aims to determine the incidence, risk factors and management of SSI following CS in a tertiary hospital. METHODS: This was an observational case control retrospective study which was conducted at Minia maternity university hospital, Egypt during the period from January 2013 to December 2017 (Five years). A total of 15,502 CSs were performed during the studied period, of these, 828 cases developed SSI following CS (SSI group). The control group included 1500 women underwent cesarean section without developing SSI. The medical records of both groups were reviewed regarding the sociodemographic and the clinical characteristics. RESULTS: The incidence of SSI post-cesarean section was 5.34%. Significant risk factors for SSI were; chorioamnionitis (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 4.51; 95% CI =3.12-6.18), premature rupture of membranes (PROM) (AOR 3.99; 95% CI =3.11-4.74), blood loss of > 1000 ml (AOR 2.21; 95% CI =1.62-3.09), emergency CS (AOR 2.16; 95% CI =1.61-2.51), duration of CS of > 1 h (AOR 2.12; 95% CI =1.67-2.79), no antenatal care (ANC) visits (AOR 2.05; 95% CI =1.66-2.37), duration of labor of ≥24 h (AOR 1.45; 95% CI =1.06-2.01), diabetes mellitus (DM) (AOR 1.37; 95% CI =1.02-2.1 3), obesity (AOR 1.34; 95% CI =0.95-1.84), high parity (AOR 1.27; 95% CI = 1.03-1.88), hypertension (AOR 1.19; 95% CI = 0.92-2.11) and gestational age of < 37 wks (AOR 1.12; 95% CI = 0.94-1.66). The mortality rate due to SSI was 1.33%. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained incidence of SSI post CS in our study is relatively lower than other previous studies from developing countries. The development of SSI is associated with many factors rather than one factor. Management of SSI is maninly medical but surgical approach may be needed in some cases. REGISTRATION: Local ethical committee (Registration number: MOBGYN0040).