RESUMO
In 1968, Arima et al. discovered the heptapeptide, known as surfactin, which belongs to a family of lipopeptides. Known for its ability to reduce surface tension, it also has biological activities such as antimicrobial and antiviral. Its non-ribosomal synthesis mechanism was later discovered (1991). Lipopeptides represent an important class of surfactants, which can be applied in many industrial sectors such as food, pharmaceutical, agrochemicals, detergents, and cleaning products. Currently, 75% of the surfactants used in the various industrial sectors are from the petrochemical industry. Nevertheless, there are global current demands (green chemistry concept) to replace the petrochemical products with environmentally friendly products, such as surfactants by biosurfactants. The production biosurfactants still are costly. Thus, an alternative to reduce the production costs is using agro-industrial waste as a culture medium associated with an efficient and scalable purification process. This review puts a light on the agro-industrial residues used to produce surfactin and the techniques used for its recovery.
Assuntos
Microbiologia Industrial/economia , Lipopeptídeos/economia , Lipopeptídeos/metabolismo , Peptídeos Cíclicos/economia , Peptídeos Cíclicos/metabolismo , Tensoativos/economia , Bactérias/genética , Bactérias/metabolismo , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Microbiologia Industrial/história , Microbiologia Industrial/métodos , Lipopeptídeos/genética , Lipopeptídeos/história , Peptídeos Cíclicos/genética , Peptídeos Cíclicos/história , Tensoativos/história , Tensoativos/metabolismoRESUMO
Milestones of antibiotics research and biotechnology in Jena/Thuringia are: 1938--Hans Knöll established a strain collection of microorganisms; 1942--production of penicillin on laboratory scale by Hans Knöll; since 1945--development of industrial production processes for penicillin and streptomycin; 1952--production of BCG-vaccine; since 1956--development of biotechnical processes in the Institute of Microbiology and Experimental Therapy for actinomycin C, oxytetracyclin, erythromycin, paromomycin, turimycin, griseofulvin, nystatin, and nourseothricin, and in the 1980s for streptokinase, staphylokinase, and interferons. After the German unification the Hans-Knöll-Institute for Natural Products Research was founded.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/história , Biotecnologia/história , Indústria Farmacêutica/história , Microbiologia Industrial/história , Academias e Institutos/história , Antibacterianos/biossíntese , Alemanha , História do Século XX , Humanos , Interferons/história , Pesquisa/história , Estreptotricinas/história , Vacinas/síntese química , Vacinas/históriaRESUMO
The authors present a view of biochemical engineering by describing their personal interests and experience over the years involving mostly conversion of lignocellulosics into fuels and chemicals and the associated engineering subjects.
Assuntos
Biomassa , Biotecnologia/história , Engenharia Química/história , Microbiologia Industrial/história , Estruturas Vegetais/química , Animais , Reatores Biológicos , Biotecnologia/métodos , Celulose/química , Celulose/história , Engenharia Química/métodos , Enzimas/economia , Enzimas/história , Enzimas/metabolismo , Etanol/química , Etanol/história , Fermentação , Engenharia Genética/história , História do Século XX , Humanos , Hidrólise , Microbiologia Industrial/métodosRESUMO
Development of modern biotechnology in Japan is characterized by unique contributions from applied microbiology and bioindustry. This review tries to summarize these original contributions with special emphasis on industrial production of useful substances by microorganisms. In the first part, development of applied microbiology and bioindustry in the last half of the twentieth century is summarized with a brief overview of the traditional background. In the second part, recent progress is reviewed with citation of typical achievements in biotechnology, applied enzymology, secondary metabolites, genetic engineering, and screening of microbial diversity, respectively.