Surface Modification of Bacterial Cellulose for Biomedical Applications.

Bacterial cellulose is a naturally occurring polysaccharide with numerous biomedical applications that range from drug delivery platforms to tissue engineering strategies. BC possesses remarkable biocompatibility, microstructure, and mechanical properties that resemble native human tissues, making it suitable for the replacement of damaged or injured tissues. In this review, we will discuss the structure and mechanical properties of the BC and summarize the techniques used to characterize these properties. We will also discuss the functionalization of BC to yield nanocomposites and the surface modification of BC by plasma and irradiation-based methods to fabricate materials with improved functionalities such as bactericidal capabilities.

Simu-D: A Simulator-Descriptor Suite for Polymer-Based Systems under Extreme Conditions.

We present Simu-D, a software suite for the simulation and successive identification of local structures of atomistic systems, based on polymers, under extreme conditions, in the bulk, on surfaces, and at interfaces. The protocol is built around various types of Monte Carlo algorithms, which include localized, chain-connectivity-altering, identity-exchange, and cluster-based moves. The approach focuses on alleviating one of the main disadvantages of Monte Carlo algorithms, which is the general applicability under a wide range of conditions. Present applications include polymer-based nanocomposites with nanofillers in the form of cylinders and spheres of varied concentration and size, extremely confined and maximally packed assemblies in two and three dimensions, and terminally grafted macromolecules. The main simulator is accompanied by a descriptor that identifies the similarity of computer-generated configurations with respect to reference crystals in two or three dimensions. The Simu-D simulator-descriptor can be an especially useful tool in the modeling studies of the entropy- and energy-driven phase transition, adsorption, and self-organization of polymer-based systems under a variety of conditions.

Synthesis and characterization of chitosan encapsulated zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocomposite and its biological assessment in pepper (Capsicum annuum) as an elicitor for in vitro tissue culture applications.

Nanotechnology paves the way for introducing nanoscale fertilizers, pesticides, and elicitors. This study intends to address the synthesis of chitosan/zinc oxide nanocomposite (CS-ZnONP) and its biological assessment in in-vitro conditions. The zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were successfully coated with the chitosan (CS) polymer through a cost-effective approach. Transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy assessments proved the surface capping of chitosan polymer on ZnONP. The nanocomposite was more capable of improving growth and biomass than the bare ZnONPs. The application of the nanocomposite increased the concentration of chlorophylls (51%), carotenoids (70%), proline (2-fold), and proteins (about 2-fold). The supplementation of culture medium with the nanomaterials upregulated enzymatic antioxidant biomarkers (catalase and peroxidase). The activity of the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase enzyme also displayed a similar significant upward trend in response to the nano-supplements. The CS-ZnONP treatment considerably enhanced the accumulation of alkaloids (60.5%) and soluble phenols (40%), implying stimulation in secondary metabolism. The micropropagation test revealed that the CS-ZnONP treatment improved the organogenesis performance. Overall, the nanocomposite can be considered a highly potent biocompatible elicitor.

Facile covalent preparation of carbon nanotubes / amine-functionalized Fe3O4 nanocomposites for selective extraction of estradiol in pharmaceutical industry wastewater.

As a typical steroid hormone drug, estradiol (E2) is also one of the most frequently detected endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the aquatic environment. Herein, in response to the potential risk of E2 in steroid hormone pharmaceutical industry wastewater to human and wildlife, a novel carbon nanotubes / amine-functionalized Fe3O4 (CNTs/MNPs@NH2) nanocomposites with magnetic responsive have been developed for the enrichment and extraction of E2 in pharmaceutical industry wastewater, where amino-functionalized Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs@NH2) were used as a magnetic source. The resultant CNTs/MNPs@NH2 possessed both the features of CNTs and desired magnetic property, enabling to rapidly recognize and separate E2 from pharmaceutical industry wastewater. Meanwhile, the CNTs/MNPs@NH2 had good binding behavior toward E2 with fast binding kinetics and high adsorption capacity, as well as exhibited satisfactory selectivity to steroidal estrogen compounds. Furthermore, the change of pH value of aqueous phase in adsorption solvent hardly affected the adsorption of E2 by CNTs/MNPs@NH2, and the adsorption capacity of E2 ranged from 19.9 to 17.2 mg g-1 in the pH range of 3.0 to 11.0, which is a latent advantage of the follow-up development method to detect E2 in pharmaceutical industry wastewater. As a result, the CNTs/MNPs@NH2 serving as a solid phase extraction medium were successfully applied to efficiently extract E2 from pharmaceutical industry wastewater. Therefore, the CNTs/MNPs@NH2 nanocomposites could be used as a potential adsorbent for removing steroidal estrogens from water. More importantly, the developed method would provide a promising solution for the monitoring and analysis of EDCs in pharmaceutical industry wastewater.

Characterization and preparation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles loaded bioglass-chitosan nanocomposite coating on Mg alloy and in vitro bioactivity assessment.

In this study, bioglass (BG)­iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanocomposite coating was developed to produce bioactive and antibacterial coatings. The nanocomposite coating was embedded in chitosan (CS) matrix and coating was fabricated by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method. The coating was characterized by using SEM/EDX and XRD respectively. The experiment was performed with three varying concentrations (1, 3, 5 (wt%)) of Fe3O4 nanoparticles prepared by the co- precipitation method in the bioactive glass coating. The antibacterial activity was examined in Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria which determine that the growth of microorganisms was inhibited with the progressive increment of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The bioactivity assessment was done in PBS for 7 days and it was detected that the composite coatings improve the bone-bonding ability which was again confirmed by SEM-EDX. The corrosion behavior was evaluated in Ringer's solution by electrochemical test. The corrosion analysis revealed that the BG-1% Fe3O4 nanocomposite coating has superior corrosion resistance as compared to the other coatings. The findings of the research have shown that the BG-Fe3O4-CS nanocomposite coating can be widely used as a suitable material for orthopedic applications.

Multifaceted Characterization And In Vitro Assessment Of Polyurethane-Based Electrospun Fibrous Composite For Bone Tissue Engineering.

INTRODUCTION: Recently several new approaches were emerging in bone tissue engineering to develop a substitute for remodelling the damaged tissue. In order to resemble the native extracellular matrix (ECM) of the human tissue, the bone scaffolds must possess necessary requirements like large surface area, interconnected pores and sufficient mechanical strength. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A novel bone scaffold has been developed using polyurethane (PE) added with wintergreen (WG) and titanium dioxide (TiO2). The developed nanocomposites were characterized through field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), contact angle measurement, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and tensile testing. Furthermore, anticoagulant assays, cell viability analysis and calcium deposition were used to investigate the biological properties of the prepared hybrid nanocomposites. RESULTS: FESEM depicted the reduced fibre diameter for the electrospun PE/WG and PE/WG/TiO2 than the pristine PE. The addition of WG and TiO2 resulted in the alteration in peak intensity of PE as revealed in the FTIR. Wettability measurements showed the PE/WG showed decreased wettability and the PE/WG/TiO2 exhibited improved wettability than the pristine PE. TGA measurements showed the improved thermal behaviour for the PE with the addition of WG and TiO2. Surface analysis indicated that the composite has a smoother surface rather than the pristine PE. Further, the incorporation of WG and TiO2 improved the anticoagulant nature of the pristine PE. In vitro cytotoxicity assay has been performed using fibroblast cells which revealed that the electrospun composites showed good cell attachment and proliferation after 5 days. Moreover, the bone apatite formation study revealed the enhanced deposition of calcium content in the fabricated composites than the pristine PE. CONCLUSION: Fabricated nanocomposites rendered improved physico-chemical properties, biocompatibility and calcium deposition which are conducive for bone tissue engineering.

Cellulose nanocrystals prepared from wheat bran: Characterization and cytotoxicity assessment.

Wheat bran is an abundant source of cellulose and is still going to waste because of the lack of knowledge about its further exploitation and comprehensive utilisation. Here, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were prepared from wheat bran via sulfuric acid hydrolysis. The effects of hydrolysis time on the morphology, surface charge, yield, structure, thermal stability, physicochemical properties, and cytotoxicity of CNC were investigated. Results showed that non-cellulosic components were extensively removed by the purification process. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed that the obtained CNC displayed a needle-like shape with various dimensions. Zeta potential values of the CNC suspensions ranged from -36.5 to -39.8 mV. A hydrolysis time of 60 min resulted in CNC with the highest crystallinity (70.32%). The thermal stability of CNC shifted to lower temperature with increasing hydrolysis time. In addition, the obtained CNC exhibited interesting physicochemical properties (the water/oil retention capacities and the adsorption capacities to heavy metals) and good biocompatibility, suggesting their great potential as reinforcement for the manufacture of nanocomposites.

Sensitive electrochemical sensor for nitrite ions based on rose-like AuNPs/MoS2/graphene composite.

Nitrite ions (NO2-) have been widely used in the food and drink industry as preservatives. However, the NO2- discharged into the environment is harmful to the ecosystem and human health. Due to its potential toxicity, selective and sensitive detection of nitrite is important. In this work, a rose-like Au nanoparticles/MoS2 nanoflower/graphene (AuNPs/MoS2/GN) composite was fabricated using a one-pot hydrothermal method without the addition of any extra reductant for use in nitrite detection. Graphene acts as an efficient matrix for the growth of MoS2 nanoflower (NF), and the edges of the MoS2 NF subsequently load AuNPs. The obtained AuNPs/MoS2/GN composite exhibits excellent electrooxidative activity toward nitrite ions, which is attributable to its large specific surface area, good conductivity, and the synergistic catalysis of each component. Accordingly, we propose a rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective electrochemical method for nitrite detection, which achieved a linear dynamic range of 5.0 µM to 5.0 mM with a detection limit of 1.0 µM. The present work provides not only a general one-pot synthesis method for a variety of noble-transition metal dichalcogenides nanohybrids, but also an example of the fabrication of an electrochemical nitrite sensor using a nanohybrid as an enhanced material, an approach that can easily be extended to other sensors.

Antibacterial and cytotoxic assessment of poly (methyl methacrylate) based hybrid nanocomposites.

Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is an extensively used implant material in biomedical devices. Biofilm formation creates issues in PMMA-based biomedical implants, while emergence of drug resistant pathogens poses an additional complication. Hence development of surfaces that resist bacterial colonisation is extremely desirable. In this context, nanomaterials are among the potential choices. In the present work, nanocomposites (NCs) were developed by incorporation of chemically synthesized nanoparticles of CuO, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) capped CuO and ZnO (singly and in combination) in PMMA. The efficacy of these NCs was assessed against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria which are prevalent in many implant-associated infections. Results revealed species-specific response of the bacteria towards nanomaterials. CuO NC (0.1% (w/v)) was more effective against E. coli, while CTAB capped CuO NC and ZnO NC were very effective against S. aureus. Furthermore, combination of nanoparticles improved efficacy of nanocomposites against both the bacterial species. In vitro cytotoxicity assay using L6 myoblast cell line showed that all NCs at 0.1% (w/v) were biocompatible, showing >85% cell viability. The present study suggests that combination of NPs is a promising option to combat implant infection by multiple organisms.

Application of ZnO-Ag-Nd nanocomposite as a new synthesized nanophotocatalyst for the degradation of organic compounds: kinetic, thermodynamic and economic study.

In the present research, a zinc oxide (ZnO)-silver (Ag)-neodymium (Nd) nanocomposite was synthesized via the combustion method for the degradation of dyes as organic pollutants. The synthesized nanophotocatalyst was characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The process of organic pollutant (Acid Red 18) removal was carried out in a semi-batch photoreactor equipped with an ultraviolet lamp. Also, the influence of key operational parameters such as pH, temperature, initial concentration of solution, and nanophotocatalyst dosage was investigated to evaluate kinetic and thermodynamic properties. Under optimum process conditions (pH = 6.21, dosage of nanophotocatalyst = 0.08 g/l, and low initial concentration of the solution), degradation of pollutant was monitored by measuring the total organic carbon of the solution. Finally, an economic study showed that the photocatalytic advanced oxidation process is an viable treatment method for low concentrations of organic pollutants.

A comparison study on a sulfonated graphene-polyaniline nanocomposite coated fiber for analysis of nicotine in solid samples through the traditional and vacuum-assisted HS-SPME.

A simple, rapid, and reliable headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) procedure, reinforced by applying vacuum in the extraction vial, was developed. It was applied for the extraction of nicotine in solid samples prior to determination by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID). First, the surface of a narrow stainless steel wire was made porous and adhesive by platinization to obtain a durable, higher surface area, and resistant fiber. Then, a thin film of sulfonated graphene/polyaniline (Sulf-G/PANI) nanocomposite was synthesized and simultaneously coated on the platinized fiber using the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method. It was demonstrated that the extraction efficiency remarkably increased by applying the reduced-pressure condition in the extraction vial. To evaluate the conventional HS-SPME and vacuum-assisted HS-SPME (VA-HS-SPME) platforms, all experimental parameters affecting the extraction efficiency including desorption time and temperature, extraction time and temperature and moisture content of sample matrix were optimized. The highest extraction efficiency was obtained at 60°C, 10min (extraction temperature and time) and 280°C, 2min (desorption condition), for VA-HS-SPME strategy, while for conventional HS-SPME the extraction and desorption conditions found to be 100°C, 30min and 280°C, 2min, respectively. The Sulf-G/PANI coated fiber showed high thermal stability, good chemical/mechanical resistance, and long lifetime. For analysis of nicotine in solid samples using VA-HS-SPME-GC-FID, linear dynamic range (LDR) was 0.01-30µgg-1 (R2=0.996), the relative standard deviation (RSD%, n=6), for analyses of 1µgg-1 nicotine was calculated 3.4% and limit of detection (LOD) found to be 0.002µgg-1. The VA-HS-SPME-GC-FID strategy was successfully carried out for quantitation of nicotine in hair and tobacco real samples.

Biocompatibility assessment of SiO2-TiO2 composite powder on MG63 osteoblast cell lines for orthopaedic applications.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the biocompatibility of composite powder consisting of silica and titania (SiO2-TiO2) for biomedical applications. The advancement of nanoscience and nanotechnology encourages researchers to actively participate in reinvention of existing materials with improved physical, chemical and biological properties. Hence, a composite/hybrid material has given birth of new materials with intriguing properties. In the present investigation, SiO2-TiO2 composite powder was synthesised by sol-gel method and the prepared nanocomposite was characterised for its phase purity, functional groups, surface topography by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, to understand the adverse effects of composite, biocompatibility test was analysed by cell culture method using MG63 osteoblast cell lines as a basic screening method. From the results, it was observed that typical Si-O-Ti peaks in FT-IR confirms the formation of composite and the crystallinity of the composite powder was analysed by XRD analysis. Further in vitro biocompatibility and acridine orange results have indicated better biocompatibility at different concentrations on osteoblast cell lines. On the basis of these observations, we envision that the prepared silica-titania nanocomposite is an intriguing biomaterial for better biomedical applications.

Graphene-titanium dioxide nanocomposite based hypoxanthine sensor for assessment of meat freshness.

We report on the fabrication of a graphene/titanium dioxide nanocomposite (TiO2-G) and its use as an effective electrode material in an amperometric hypoxanthine (Hx) sensor for meat freshness evaluation. The nanocomposite was characterized by TEM, XRD, FTIR, XPS, TGA, BET, and CV using the redox couples [Fe(CN)6]-3/-4 and [Ru(NH3)6]+3/+2 respectively. The TiO2/G nanocomposite offered a favorable microenvironment for direct electrochemistry of xanthine oxidase (XOD). The fabricated Nafion/XOD/TiO2-G/GCE sensor exhibited excellent electro catalytic activity towards Hx with linear range of 20µM to 512µM, limit of detection of 9.5µM, and sensitivity of 4.1nA/µM. In addition, the biosensor also demonstrated strong anti-interference properties in the presence of uric acid (UA), ascorbic acid (AA) and glucose. Minimal interference of xanthine (Xn) was observed at ~7%. Moreover, the biosensor showed good repeatability (4.3% RSD) and reproducibility (3.8% RSD). The reported biosensor was tested towards the detection of Hx in pork tenderloins stored at room temperature for seven days. There was a good correlation (r=0.9795) between biosensor response and measurements obtained by a standard enzymatic colorimetric method. The TiO2-G nanocomposite is therefore an effective electrode material to be used in electrochemical biosensors to assess the freshness of meat.

Label-free immunosensor based on graphene/polyaniline nanocomposite for neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin detection.

A novel label-free electrochemical immunosensor for neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) detection has been developed. The immunosensor has been constructed by immobilization of NGAL capture antibodies to electropolymerized aniline deposited on top of an electrosprayed graphene/polyaniline (G/PANI) modified screen printed carbon electrode. Electrospraying of G/PANI increases the electrode surface area while electropolymerization of aniline increases the number of amino groups (-NH2) for antibody immobilization. The factors affecting the sensor sensitivity (i.e. aniline concentration, scan number and scan rate of electropolymerization) have been optimized. In a prior report, Kannan et al. reported a broad oxidation peak in cyclic voltammetry upon the binding between NGAL with its antibody. In this study, a dramatic increase (58-fold) in the oxidation current upon the binding between NGAL and its antibody is obtained when compared to an unmodified electrode, verifying a substantial improvement in the electrochemical sensitivity of this system. Under optimal conditions, this system exhibits high sensitivity with a limit of detection (LOD) of 21.1ngmL-1, wide linearity (50-500ngmL-1) and high specificity toward NGAL detection from small samples (10µL). As an example application, the sensor is tested for the detection of NGAL in human urine, and the results correspond well with the values obtained from a standard ELISA. Compared to the ELISA method, our system requires less analysis time (≤30min/sample), less sample and less operating cost.

Opportunities for Low Cost Processing of Erbium 8-Quinolinolates for Active Integrated Photonic Applications.

Erbium-doped organic emitters are promising active materials for Photonic Integrated Circuits (PICs) due to their emission shown at 1550 nm combined to the potential low cost processing. In particular, Erbium Quinoline (ErQ) gained a strong interest in the last decade for the good emission efficiency. This contribution reports the results derived from the application of ErQ as active core material within a buried optical waveguide, following the development of a purposed optical process to control the refractive index of ErQ and then to define a patterned structure from a single thin film deposition step. The reported results show the potential of Er-doped organic materials for low cost processing and application to planar PICs.

Next generation covered stents made from nanocomposite materials: A complete assessment of uniformity, integrity and biomechanical properties.

Covered stents are stents wrapped with a thin polymeric membrane, and are typically used to treat vessel aneurysms and seal perforated arteries. Current covered stents suffer from restenosis due to limitations in material and fabrication methods which leaves metallic struts directly exposed to blood. We have developed a biocompatible and haemocompatible nanocomposite polymer, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane poly(carbonate-urea) urethane (POSS-PCU). We devised a novel combination of ultrasonic spray atomisation system and dip-coating process to produce small calibre covered stents with metal struts fully embedded within the membrane, which also yields greater coating uniformity. Stent-polymer bonding was enhanced via silanisation and coating of reactive pre-polymer. Platelet studies supported the non-thrombogenicity of POSS-PCU. Biomechanical performances including diametrical compliance, bending strength, radial strength and recoil were evaluated and optimised. This proof-of-principle manufacturing technique could lead to the development of next-generation small calibre adult and paediatric covered stents. These stents are currently undergoing preclinical trial. From the Clinical Editor: The use of stents to treat vascular diseases is now the standard of care in the clinical setting. Nonetheless, a major problem of the current stents is the risk of restenosis and thrombosis. The authors developed a nanocomposite material using polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane and poly(carbonate-urea) urethane (POSS-PCU) and incorporated into metallic stents. Preliminary data have already shown promising results. It is envisaged that this would further lead to better stent technology in the future.

Sulfhydryl-Modified Fe3O4@SiO2 Core/Shell Nanocomposite: Synthesis and Toxicity Assessment in Vitro.

The objectives of this study are to prepare sulfhydryl-modified Fe3O4@SiO2 core/shell magnetic nanocomposites, assess their toxicity in vitro, and explore their potential application in the biomedical fields. Fe3O4 nanoparticles synthesized by facile solvothermal method were coated with SiO2 via the Stöber method and further modified by the meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) to prepare Fe3O4@SiO2@DMSA nanoparticles. The morphology, structure, functional groups, surface charge, and magnetic susceptibility of the nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, zeta potential analysis, dynamic laser scattering, and vibrating sample magnetometer. Cytotoxicity tests and hemolysis assay were also carried out. Experimental results show that the toxicity of sulfhydryl-modified Fe3O4@SiO2 core/shell nanoparticles in mouse fibroblast (L-929) cell lines is between grade 0 and grade 1, and the material lacks hemolytic activity, indicating good biocompatibility of this Fe3O4@SiO2@DMSA nanocomposite, which is suitable for further application in biochemical fields.

Rice husk based porous carbon loaded with silver nanoparticles by a simple and cost-effective approach and their antibacterial activity.

In this paper, we chose rice husk as raw material and synthesized successfully porous carbon loaded with silver nanoparticles (RH-Ag) composites by simple and cost-effective method. The as-prepared RH-Ag composites have a BET-specific surface area of 1996 m(2) g(-1) and result in strong capacity of bacteria adsorption. The result of antibacterial study indicated that the RH-Ag system displayed antibacterial activity that was two times better than pure Ag NPs. Our study demonstrates that the antibacterial activity of RH-Ag composites may be attributed to their strong adsorption ability with bacteria and result in the disorganization of the bacterial membrane ultrastructure. In addition, RH-Ag system was found to be durative slow-releasing of silver ions and biocompatible for human skin keratinocytes cells. In terms of these advantages, the RH-Ag composites have potential application in antibacterial infections and therapy.

Thermoelectric Properties of Solution Synthesized Nanostructured Materials.

Thermoelectric nanocomposites made by solution synthesis and compression of nanostructured chalcogenides could potentially be low-cost, scalable alternatives to traditional solid-state synthesized materials. We review the progress in this field by comparing the power factor and/or the thermoelectric figure of merit, ZT, of four classes of materials: (Bi,Sb)2(Te,Se)3, PbTe, ternary and quaternary copper chalcogenides, and silver chalcogenides. We also discuss the thermal conductivity reduction associated with multiphased nanocomposites. The ZT of the best solution synthesized materials are, in several cases, shown to be equal to or greater than the corresponding bulk materials despite the generally reduced mobility associated with solution synthesized nanocomposites. For the solution synthesized materials with the highest performance, the synthesis and processing conditions are summarized to provide guidance for future work.

Nano-CeO2 decorated graphene based chitosan nanocomposites as enzymatic biosensing platform: fabrication and cellular biocompatibility assessment.

The present study summarizes the designing of a green transducer phase based on nano-cerium oxide (CeO2) decorated reduced graphene oxide (RGO) reinforced chitosan nanocomposites as an effective enzyme immobilizer and bio-sensing matrix for glucose analyte. Also, it scrutinizes the biocompatibility and cell viability of the synthesized nanohybrid with human fibroblastic macrophage cell line. CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully grown on graphene nanosheet in the presence of cationic surfactant followed by facile hydrothermal treatment. The eventual growth of synthesized CeO2 nanocrystals on the graphene layer was confirmed from X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman analysis. The biocompatibility of the synthesized nanohybrid was also evident from the MTT assay. Glucose oxidase (GOx) was employed on the green polymer nanocomposites modified FTO electrode to fabricate an enzymatic bioelectrode. The electroanalytical response of the GOx/nano-CeO2/RGO/CS/FTO bioelectrode towards electrooxidation of glucose analyte was investigated by electrochemical impedance (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) study. The resulting biosensor exhibited a good electrochemical response to glucose within the linear detection range of 0.05-6.5 mM with a low detection limit of 2 µM and a sensitivity of 7.198 µA mM(-1) cm(-2). The bioelectrode also showed good shelf life (~10 weeks) and negligible interfering ability under controlled environment. The obtained results indicate that nano-CeO2/RGO nanohybrid based chitosan nanocomposites achieve a biocompatible biosensing platform for effective enzyme immobilization due to the excellent synergistic effects between the CeO2 nanoparticles and graphene sheet.