Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis Office versus Operating Room: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis can be treated in the office or operating room (OR). The choice of treatment is based on several factors, including patient and surgeon preference. However, there is little data to guide the decision-making. This study examines the available literature comparing operative treatment in-office versus OR. METHODS: A systematic review was performed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews guidelines. Of 2,864 articles identified, 78 were reviewed full-length and 18 were included. Outcomes of interest were recurrence and complication rates, number of procedures, time interval between procedures, and cost. RESULTS: Only one study compared outcomes of operative in-office to OR treatments. The weighted average complication rate for OR procedures was 0.02 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.00-0.32), n = 8, and for office procedures, 0.17 (95% CI 0.08-0.33), n = 6. The weighted average time interval between OR procedures was 10.59 months (5.83, 15.35) and for office procedures 5.40 months (3.26-7.54), n = 1. The weighted average cost of OR procedures was $10,105.22 ($5,622.51-14,587.83), n = 2 versus $2,081.00 ($1,987.64-$2,174.36), n = 1 for office procedures. CONCLUSION: Only one study compares office to OR treatment. The overall data indicate no differences aside from cost and imply that office procedures may be more cost-effective than OR procedures. However, the heterogeneous data limits any strong comparison of outcomes between office and OR-based treatment of laryngeal papillomas. More studies to compare the two treatment settings are warranted.

Social considerations affecting acceptance of HPV vaccination in Colombia. A systematic review / Aspectos sociales que han afectado la aceptación de la vacunación contra el virus del papiloma humano en colombia. una revisión sistemática

RESUMEN Objetivo: establecer los aspectos sociales que afectaron la aceptación de la vacuna del virus del papi- loma humano (VPH) en la población colombiana antes y después del evento mal definido e inusitado de etiología desconocida sucedido en 2014. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de literatura en las bases de datos: Scopus, Web of Science, Medline vía PubMed, Embase, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud y Ovid; además, en Google Académico y en repositorios de universidades y en instituciones de salud en Colombia, con los términos: "Vacuna Tetravalente Recombinante contra el Virus del Papiloma Humano Tipos 6, 11, 16, 18", "Colombia", "Papiloma" y sus correspondientes términos en inglés, para identificar principalmente revisiones sistemáticas, estudios cuantitativos y cualitativos, y revisiones narrativas que se enfocaran en aspectos sociales como: educación, acceso, relación con el personal de salud, papel de los medios de comunicación, que pudieran haber actuado como barreras o facilitadores para la aceptación de vacunación para VPH en Colombia en el periodo 2006-2018. Se hace una síntesis narrativa de la información. Resultados: se incluyeron 24 documentos. Se identificó la importancia, para los padres, adolescentes, proveedores y los medios, de tener un mejor conocimiento del VPH y su relación con el cáncer de cuello uterino (CCU). Se reconoce la relevancia de una buena comunicación entre las profesiones de la salud y la comunidad para informar adecuadamente tanto los beneficios como los riesgos de la vacuna. La inclusión en los planes de aseguramiento facilitó el acceso a esta por parte de la población. Los medios de comunicación deben ser considerados para que actúen como facilitadores de los programas de vacunación. Conclusión: educar en el conocimiento del VPH, una atención en salud centrada en el paciente y una adecuada cobertura de los medios de comunicación influencian la aceptación del programa de vacuna- ción contra VPH en la población colombiana. Se requiere seguir haciendo seguimiento estricto de los efectos adversos asociados a la vacuna.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify social factors influencing the acceptance of human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination in the Colombian population before and after the unexpected and poorly defined event of unknown etiology which occurred in 2014. Materials and methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted in the following databases: Scopus, Web of Science, Medline via PubMed, Embase, Online Health Library (Biblioteca Virtual en Salud) and Ovid, and also in Google Scholar, academic repositories and in Colombian health institutions, using the terms "recombinant tetravalent vaccine against Human Papilloma Virus types 6, 11, 16, 18", "Colombia", "Papilloma" in order to primarily identify systematic reviews, quantitative and qualitative studies, narrative reviews, focusing on social aspects such as education, access, relationship with healthcare staff and role of the media which may have acted as barriers or facilitators for the acceptance of HPV vaccination in Colombia between 2006-2018. A narrative synthesis of the data was made. Results: Twenty-four documents were included. The importance attached by parents, adolescents, providers and the media to having greater knowledge about HPV and its association with cervical cancer was identified. The relevance of good communication among healthcare professions and the community to enable adequate sharing of information regarding the risks and benefits of the vaccines was recognized. The inclusion of the vaccine in health insurance plans made access easier. The media must be involved as facilitators in vaccination programs. Conclusion: Education regarding HPV, patient-centered healthcare and adequate media coverage influence the acceptance of HPV vaccination in the Colombian population. Close follow-up of any vaccine-related adverse events is required.

Health assessment of juvenile green turtles in southern São Paulo State, Brazil: a hematologic approach.

We assessed the health status and hematologic and blood chemistry values of 48 juvenile green turtles (Chelonia mydas) on the southeastern coast of Brazil (25°S 48°W). We investigated the impact of size and weight, nutritional condition, and presence of epibionts and fibropapilloma tumors. Nutritional status was good for 39 animals; these animals had higher serum albumin, cholesterol, and phosphorus concentrations than 9 animals with a fair nutritional score. Reference values for hematology and biochemistry were calculated for 39 individuals without fibropapillomas (FPs). Turtles with epibionts (n = 33) had lower hemoglobin (Hb) than turtles without epibionts (n = 15; t = -2.09, p = 0.04), and the area occupied by epibionts was positively correlated with the white blood cell count (r = 0.37, p = 0.03). FP turtles had significantly lower hematocrit (Hct), Hb, and red blood cell (RBC) counts than non-FP turtles; serum albumin and cholesterol were higher in non-FP than FP turtles. A negative correlation between curved carapace length (CCL) and Hct (r = -0.51, p = 0.0002) and RBC (r = -0.47, p = 0.0007), and between serum cholesterol, sodium, and uric acid and CCL (r = -0.53, p = 0.0001; r = -0.38, p = 0.007; r = -0.35, p = 0.014, respectively) were identified. The health of turtles appears to deteriorate as they get larger, which manifests in more FPs, decreased body condition, and systemic physiologic changes consistent with chronic disease including lower Hct, RBC counts, serum cholesterol, sodium, and uric acid.

Caracterización de las usuarias del programa de vigilancia de las lesiones intraepiteliales tempranas del CACU, Hospital Solidaridad. Managua, Nicaragua. 2018 / Characterization of users of the CACU's early intraepitial injury monitoring program, Solidarity Hospital. Managua, Nicaragua. 2018

Objetivo. Caracterizar las usuarias del programa de vigilancia de las lesiones intraepiteliales tempranas del CACU, Hospital Solidaridad. Managua, Nicaragua. 2018. Diseño Metodológico: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, el universo estuvo constituido por pacientes atendidas en la clínica Solidaridad en el período de enero a diciembre 2018. Se aplicó una ficha de recolección en la base de datos registro digital de reportes de las pacientes atendidas en la clínica de patología cervical. Resultados: El estudio demuestra que las edades en las que mas prevalece el CaCu es entre 18 a 34 años con 125 casos de los 235 para un 53 %. Los resultados de papanicolaou negativos de celulas malignas con 179 casos para un 76 %, los resultados de biopsias que prevalecen son las cervicitis con crónicas 127 casos que corresponden a un 54 % y la conducta terapeutica utilizada en este período fue la crioterapia 171 casos con un 76 % seguido del tratamiento medico emitido por ginecológo de la clinica. Conclusiones: Prevalece la edad de las usuarias de 18 a 34 años con escolaridad secundaria, procedencia urbana, IVSA de 14 a 19 años, con número de compañeros sexuales más de dos. Los resultados de Papanicolaou y las IVAA en su mayoría fueron negativos de células malignas, los resultados de biopsias de colposcopias prevalecen las cervicitis crónicas, la terapia utilizada en estas usuarias fue la crioterapia para las LIEBG y en las cervicitis crónicas.

The usefulness of narrow band imaging in the assessment of laryngeal papillomatosis.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a benign disease caused by human papillomavirus 6 and 11. The characteristic feature of this disease are wart-like lesions covering the respiratory epithelium with a predilection for the larynx. There is no curative treatment for the disease. The goal of the treatment is a total surgical removal of the papillomatous lesions in order to reduce the number of relapses. Therefore, a good visualization method of papillomas is crucial during surgery. The aim of the study was to compare the accuracy of narrow band imaging (NBI) to the use of white light alone in detecting RRP. METHODS: The study was carried out between April 2013 and November 2015 at Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Otolaryngology, Poland. Rigid endoscopy with conventional white light (WL) and NBI (CV-260SL processor and CLV- 260SL light source, Olympus Optical Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) was performed in all patients during direct laryngoscopy. All anatomical sites of the larynx and trachea were assessed using the Dikkers scale and Derkay total site scoring system with WL and NBI. The consensus was reached as to the number of lesions seen in WL compared to NBI. RESULTS: During 36 microlaryngoscopies, the number of papillomas detected in the larynx (by Derkay total site score) differed significantly between white light endoscopy and NBI (Wilcoxon test p = 0.000655). In endoscopy with NBI, a mean of 1.3 more papillomas in Derkay total site score was detected in comparison to white light endoscopy NBI showed additional areas of diseased tissue in 15/36 (41.67%) patients. CONCLUSIONS: NBI as an additional tool during microlaryngoscopy can improve the detection of papillomatous lesions.

The usefulness of the NBI - narrow band imaging for the larynx assessment.

Narrow band imaging (NBI) by enhancing the contrast between the mucosal epithelium and submucosal vessels facilitates diagnosis of precancerous and cancerous lesions, as well as hypertrophic lesions such as laryngeal papillomatosis. Narrow band imaging (NBI) is an optical technique based on the modification of white light by the use of special optical filters. Every change in the microvascular architecture of the mucosa is classified according to Ni's classification (2011). The use of NBI improves sensitivity and specificity of assessment of laryngeal lesions and allows more precise assessment of the status of surgical margins of early-stage and locally-advanced laryngeal cancers managed in endoscopic laser cordectomy.

A Case Series of the Probability Density and Cumulative Distribution of Laryngeal Disease in a Tertiary Care Voice Center.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the distribution of clinic and operative pathology in a tertiary care laryngology practice. METHODS: Probability density and cumulative distribution analyses (Pareto analysis) was used to rank order laryngeal conditions seen in an outpatient tertiary care laryngology practice and those requiring surgical intervention during a 3-year period. RESULTS: Among 3783 new clinic consultations and 1380 operative procedures, voice disorders were the most common primary diagnostic category seen in clinic (n = 3223), followed by airway (n = 374) and swallowing (n = 186) disorders. Within the voice strata, the most common primary ICD-9 code used was dysphonia (41%), followed by unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) (9%) and cough (7%). Among new voice patients, 45% were found to have a structural abnormality. The most common surgical indications were laryngotracheal stenosis (37%), followed by recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (18%) and UVFP (17%). CONCLUSIONS: Nearly 55% of patients presenting to a tertiary referral laryngology practice did not have an identifiable structural abnormality in the larynx on direct or indirect examination. The distribution of ICD-9 codes requiring surgical intervention was disparate from that seen in clinic. Application of the Pareto principle may improve resource allocation in laryngology, but these initial results require confirmation across multiple institutions.

In-office vs. operating room procedures for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.

We conducted a study to analyze hospital and patient costs, outcomes, and patient satisfaction among adults undergoing in-office and operating room procedures for the treatment of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Our final study population was made up of 17 patients-1 man and 16 women, aged 30 to 86 years (mean: 62). The mean number of in-office laser procedures per patient was 4.2, and the mean interval between procedures was 5.4 months (although 10 patients underwent only 1 office procedure); the mean number of operating room procedures was 13.5, and the mean interval between procedures was 14.3 months. An equal number of patients reported complications or adverse events with the two types of procedures-5 each. The difference in cost between the office procedure (mean: $3,413.00) and the operating room procedure (mean: $12,382.59) was almost $9,000, but these savings were offset by the fact that the office procedures needed to be performed three times as often. Patients reported slightly more anxiety and discomfort during the office procedures and, overall, they appeared to prefer the operating room procedure. We conclude that office procedures are significantly more cost-effective than operating room procedures, but their use may be limited by patient tolerance and the increased frequency of the procedure.

Assessment of the incidence of squamous cell papilloma of the esophagus and the presence of high-risk human papilloma virus.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: There has been a recent increase in the incidence of oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) associated with high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. We investigated the incidence of esophageal papilloma and the presence of high-risk HPV infection. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted at a County teaching hospital. Patients with esophageal papilloma between January 2000 and December 2013 were identified. Patients with sufficient specimens were tested for the HPV virus. RESULTS: Sixty patients with esophageal papilloma lesions were identified from 2000 to 2013. (31 males, age 51 ± 13 years). The incidence was 0.13% in 2000 and increased to 0.57% in 2013 (P < 0.0001). Twenty-nine patients (48.3%) had a papilloma that was more than 5 mm in size, and 20% had multiple lesions. The papilloma was located in the distal esophagus in 35 (58.3%) patients, mid esophagus in 17 (28.3%) patients, and proximal in 8 (13.3%) patients. Three (5%) patients had associated OPC, and 9 (47.4%) of the 19 patients tested were positive for high-risk HPV serotype 16. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of esophageal papilloma has increased by fourfolds over the past 14 years. About half of the tested patients demonstrated high risk HPV. This may suggest a potential growing risk for esophageal squamous cell cancer in the future.

Guías para la inmunización del adolescente y adulto en Colombia. Documento de actualización, 2016 / Guidelines for the immunization of adolescents and adults living in Colombia. Update document, 2016

Este documento fue preparado por un grupo multidisciplinario de expertos seleccionados por la Asociación Colombiana de Infectología (ACIN) para poner al día las recomendaciones previas dadas por nuestro grupo en cuanto a la inmunización del adolescente, de la población adulta y de aquellos mayores de 60 años de edad. Para este último grupo, hemos decidido, como lo han hecho en otros países, el inmunizar a esta edad (y no después), debido a la carga de enfermedad incrementada por afecciones respiratorias y otros factores propios para América Latina y las condiciones socioeconómicas de nuestro país. Esta edición reescribe ciertos párrafos y actualiza en parte las recomendaciones hechas anteriormente y publicadas en Infectio en mayo de 2012. Las guías están orientadas al uso por aquellos que cuidan de estos pacientes y hacemos énfasis en el anciano, el inmunocomprometido y en aquellos que sufren de varias comorbilidades. Aunque en un momento dado el documento pudiera parecer incompleto, la intención deseada fue la de abarcar los recientes cambios en la administración de nuevas vacunas y otros regímenes en dosificación. Se incluye por primera vez el uso de las vacunas de 4 valencias contra la influenza. El uso de la vacuna contra el herpes zóster se discute, y se toma un cuidado especial en cuanto a la redacción del "cuándo y por qué" de la vacunación contra Streptococcus pneumoniae. En la administración de esta vacuna, el tiempo de aplicación y la secuencia asociada con la aplicación de la administración de la vacuna polisacárida de 23 valencias puede variar de acuerdo con la edad del paciente,las comorbilidades y en aquellos previamente vacunados con dicha vacuna. Finalmente, exponemos las nuevas recomendaciones de vacunación contra fiebre amarilla y dengue y le damos la bienvenida a la vacuna nonavalente contra el virus humano del papiloma.

This document was prepared by a multi-disciplinary panel of experts who have been selected by the Asociación Colombiana de Infectologia (ACIN) to revise and update previous recommendations (by our group) for the immunization of adolescents and adult population and those older than 60 years of age. For the latter group, we have chosen to move forward, like many others, and immunize them at that age because of the particular burden of disease due to respiratory conditions, and other factors strictly related to Latin America and Colombian socio-economic conditions. This edition replaces in part, updates or ads to previous recommendations published in Infectio, May 2012. The guidelines are intended to assist those caring for these patients, and emphasizes on the elderly, the immunocompromissed and on those who suffer from several co-morbidities.The contents of the guidelines could seem in complete at some point; nevertheless, they were purposefully thought as such to embrace on major changes in new vaccines or new dosin gregimens. It is included for the first time the use of cuadri-valent vaccines against influenza. The use of herpes zoster vaccine is discussed and special care is placed in the phrasing for the reader so he (she) understands the "when and why" of vaccine administration against Streptococcus pneumoniae. With pneumococcal vaccines, timing of administration may vary according to age, co-morbidities and in those previously vaccinated with the 23-polyvalent polysaccharide vaccine. There are new recommendations for the vaccination against yellow fever and dengue and we welcome the new nona-valent vaccine against the human papillomavirus.

A cost-effective handheld breast scanner for use in low-resource environments: a validation study.

BACKGROUND: With the incidence of breast cancer rising worldwide, we are evaluating the iBreastExam (iBE) (UE LifeSciences Inc.), a handheld breast scanning device that can be utilized by community health workers to screen for breast abnormalities. The purpose of this study is to determine the sensitivity of the iBE in a population undergoing diagnostic breast imaging. METHODS: Adult patients presenting to a breast imaging center for a diagnostic workup were eligible. Patients underwent an iBE exam performed by a trained ultrasound technician followed by their indicated imaging. Demographic, imaging, and biopsy data were recorded. RESULTS: Seventy-eight iBE exams were completed, 77 females and one male with a mean age of 42 (21-79). All patients were evaluated by ultrasound, 52 had diagnostic mammography and 39 had biopsies. Imaging and/or biopsy confirmed a mass (fibroadenoma, cyst, papilloma, myofibroblastoma, fat necrosis, DCIS, or cancer) in 60 patients. Twelve patients had a cancer diagnosed. In total, 342 quadrants were scanned, 77 quadrants had lesions confirmed on imaging, and iBE correctly identified 66 lesions for a sensitivity of 86 % and specificity of 89 %. CONCLUSIONS: This validation study demonstrated excellent sensitivity of iBE for the identification of clinically significant lesions in patients presenting for diagnostic imaging. TRIAL REGISTRATION: A Cost-Effective Handheld Breast Scanner for Use in Low Resource Environments: A Validation Study: NCT02814292 .

Low-cost modular phonosurgery training station: development and validation.

OBJECTIVE: Phonosurgery requires technical precision and careful tissue handling. Typically, phonosurgical procedures require single-operator techniques, making it difficult for novice residents to develop necessary skills. We developed a low-cost phonosurgery simulator to allow practice and acquisition of microlaryngeal skills. STUDY DESIGN: Validation study assessing the simulator's face and content validity in surgical education. METHODS: For construction, the simulator is composed of a simulation station and laryngeal modules, each constructed with inexpensive, easily accessible materials including plywood and polyvinyl chloride pipe. Laryngeal modules were constructed using rubber bands, bacitracin, and plastic wrap to simulate layers of the true vocal fold. Three separate modules were developed to address specific skills: 1) basic instrumentation; 2) papilloma debulking; 3) subepithelial and epithelial lesion excision. Papillomas, subepithelial, and epithelial lesions were simulated with grapefruit, caulk, and suture, respectively. The Kantor-Berci video laryngoscope was used for visualization. For validation, face and content validity were assessed by attending otolaryngologists (n = 16), who performed the three specific skills using the simulation station and completed a 5-point Likert-type postsimulation questionnaire. RESULTS: Most participants (89%) strongly agreed that the simulator incorporates essential phonosurgery skills and that portions of the model simulated an actual case (content validity). All participants (100%) agreed that the simulator is an adequate training device to increase resident competency and would be interested in using it to train residents (face validity). CONCLUSION: This simulator has the potential to be an important component of phonosurgical education and preoperative preparation. Advantages include a realistic experience, modular design, and inexpensive construction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: N/A.

The utility of routine polyp histopathology after endoscopic sinus surgery.

BACKGROUND: Routine histopathological assessment is standard practice for nasal polyp specimens obtained during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Retrospective studies suggest that routine histopathology of nasal polyps shows few unexpected diagnoses that alter patient management. Our objective was to study the use of routine pathological analysis, and its cost to the healthcare system, in a prospective manner. METHODS: A multicenter prospective assessment was performed from data collected between 2007 and 2013. Only cases of patients undergoing ESS for bilateral CRS were included. We excluded unilateral disease cases, and cases in which diagnoses other than polyps were suspected either preoperatively or intraoperatively. We then compared the preoperative diagnosis with the final histopathology and identified the rate of unexpected pathologies. A cost analysis was performed. RESULTS: Only 4 of 866 pathological specimens were identified as having a clinically significant unexpected diagnosis. All unexpected pathologies in this series were benign. These 4 cases account for 0.46% of all specimens reviewed. This translates to a number needed to screen of 217 cases of bilateral CRS to discover 1 unexpected pathology. The associated cost for making an unexpected diagnosis was $19,192.73. CONCLUSION: Routine histopathology of nasal polyps in ESS for bilateral CRS with polyps yields few unexpected and management-altering diagnoses. It carries a significant cost to the healthcare system. In cases of bilateral CRS with no other concerning clinical features, clinicians should exercise judgment in submitting polyp specimens for pathology rather than routinely sending polyps for histopathologic analysis.

Sistematización de la información de complicaciones producidas por verrugas anogenitales y papilomatosis oral respiratoria recurrente debidas a la infección por el VPH / Systematization of the information of complications produced by anogenital warts and recurrent oral respiratory papillomatosis due to HPV infection

INTRODUCCIÓN: El virus del papiloma humano produce una carga de enfermedad muy importante para los sistemas de salud a nivel mundial(1-3). La carga de enfermedad producida por cáncer de cuello uterino y otras neoplasias producidas por virus del papiloma humano tiene repercusión en costos elevados derivados de la utilización de los servicios de salud(4-6). De igual forma la carga de enfermedad por verrugas anogenitales y sobre todo papilomatosis laríngea recurrente causadas por virus del papiloma humano hacen que se utilicen muchos recursos para el manejo diagnóstico y terapéutico(7-11). Es por ello que la carga de enfermedad derivada de patologías asociadas a virus del papiloma humana tiene enorme importancia dentro del ámbito de la salud pública. OBJETIVO: Describir la metodología utilizada para la generación de los instrumentos que van a ser utilizados para el Método Delphi sobre papilomatosis no oncológica en los diferentes niveles de atención de salud en el Perú. Elaborar las flujogramas para de la generación de los instrumentos que van a ser utilizados para el Método Delphi sobre papilomatosis no oncológica en los diferentes niveles de atención de salud en el Perú. - Elaborar la base de datos para sistematización de la información obtenida mediante los instrumentos que van a ser utilizados para el Método Delphi sobre papilomatosis no oncológica en los diferentes niveles de atención de salud en el Perú. METODOLOGÍA: Estudiaremos tres outcomes: Papilomatosis oral, Papilomatosis Laríngea Recurrente y Verrugas Anogenitales. Para Papilomatosis Oral y Laríngea Recurrente, se recogerá información de médicos especialistas en Otorrinolaringología. Para Verrugas Anogenitales, se recogerá información de médicos especialistas en Dermatología, Gineco-Obstetricia y Ginecología Oncológica. También se recogerá información de Médicos Generales para los tres outcomes de interés. PROCESO DE ELABORACIÓN DE BASE DE DATOS: Se elaboró una base de datos en Excel que consideró seis hojas de Excel una por cada cuestionario generado: -Verrugas Anogenitales: 01 cuestionario para Medicina general, 01 cuestionario para Dermatología, 01 Cuestionario para Gineco-Obstetricia y 01 por Ginecología-Oncológica; -Papilomatosis Oral: 01 Cuestionario para Otorrinolaringología; -Papilomatosis Laríngea recurrente: 01 Cuestionario para Otorrinolaringología. Los cuestionarios serán desglosados en la base de datos teniendo en cuenta las siguientes variables de acuerdo a los outcomes planteados. VERRUGAS ANOGENITALES: Distrito, Provincia, Departamento, Hospital donde laboran, Pacientes atendidos por verrugas, Inmunosuprimido, Método diagnóstico, Lugar de diagnóstico, exámenes complementarios al diagnóstico lugar de tratamiento, Métodos tópicos de tratamiento en consultorio, Método tópico autoaplicados, Pacientes que requieren tratamiento ablativo, tipos de métodos ablativos, tipos de complicaciones con tratamiento, manejo de las complicaciones, hospital de referencia, motivos de referencia, especialidad de referencia, especialidad de interconsulta. PAPILOMATOSIS ORAL Y LARÍNGEA RECURRENTE: Distrito, Provincia, Departamento, Hospital donde laboran, Pacientes atendidos por papilomatosis oral y laríngea recurrente, Inmunosuprimido, Método diagnóstico, Lugar de diagnóstico, exámenes complementarios al diagnóstico lugar de tratamiento, Pacientes que requieren tratamiento quirúrgico, riesgo quirúrgico, tipo de tratamiento quirúrgico, tiempo en sala de operaciones, tipos de métodos ablativos, tipos de complicaciones con tratamiento, manejo de las complicaciones hospital de referencia, motivos de referencia, especialidad de referencia, especialidad de interconsulta.

Assessment of human papilloma virus infection in adult laryngeal papilloma using a screening test.

OBJECTIVES: Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is involved in both juvenile and adult laryngeal papilloma. We wished to determine which types of adult laryngeal papilloma were clinically related to HPV infection. We hypothesized that multiple-site and recurrent papillomas would have a strong relationship to HPV and conducted the present study to test this hypothesis. METHODS: Thirteen male patients with adult laryngeal papilloma who underwent resection of papilloma between August 2006 and September 2009 were studied. We examined the relationships between whether the tumor was solitary or multiple, presence or absence of recurrence after surgery, and HPV infection. High-risk HPV types (HPV-DNA types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, and 68) and low-risk HPV types (6, 11, 42, 43, and 44) were tested by a liquid-phase hybridization method. In addition, HPV typing was performed for patients positive for low-risk HPV types. Twenty patients with laryngeal carcinoma or laryngeal leukoplakia were enrolled as the control group. RESULTS: In the laryngeal papilloma group, all patients tested were negative for high-risk HPV and 69.2% were positive for low-risk HPV. Typing performed for seven of the patients who tested positive for low-risk HPV showed that one patient was positive for HPV-11, whereas the remaining six patients were positive for HPV-6. All patients with recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis (RLP) were positive for low-risk HPV. All patients who were positive for low-risk HPV had RLP. Tumor samples from repeat operations were positive for low-risk HPV in all patients tested. HPV was not detected in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between RLP and low-risk HPV was strong, with all cases that were positive for low-risk HPV showing recurrence. Tumor tissue resected at the time of repeat surgery was positive for low-risk HPV in all cases tested.

Valoración diagnóstica de técnicas moleculares para detección de infección bucal por virus del papiloma humano / Diagnostic valuation of molecular technologies for detection of mouth infection for virus of the human papiloma

La infección por Virus del Papiloma Humano está considerada actualmente como la infección de transmisión sexual más frecuente en el mundo. Muchas veces, estas infecciones son asintomáticas, pasando desapercibidas a no ser que se empleen métodos moleculares. Otras infecciones se vuelven crónicas, siendo las que tienen mayor potencial oncogénico. Desarrollo: El virus se detectó en carcinoma bucal de células escamosas, así como en lesiones benignas de mucosa bucal, donde se encontró HPV de bajo y alto riesgo oncogénico. En mucosa bucal normal se identificaron diferentes tipos de HPV de alto riesgo oncogénico. Los estudios señalan que el hallazgo en mucosa sana depende del método de estudio empleado. No obstante, a pesar de la importancia del diagnóstico precoz, existe poca información respecto de la prevalencia en mucosa bucal sana. La infección por HPV puede diagnosticarse por diferentes métodos, pero no todos permiten detectar el genoma ni determinar el tipo viral involucrado. Discusión: La tipificación del HPV permite conocer tipos virales circulantes en una población, facilitando el desarrollo e implementación de programas de prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento adecuados, por lo que la identificación de HPV de alto riego oncogénico debería realizarse rutinariamente. Si bien, los mejores métodos diagnósticados son las pruebas moleculares, debe considerarse la prevalencia geográfica para los diferentes tipos de HPV en la elección del método específico a fin de evitar conclusiones inexactas...

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a rare, benign disease with no known cure. RRP is caused by infection of the upper aerodigestive tract with the human papillomavirus (HPV). Passage through the birth canal is thought to be the initial transmission event, but infection may occur in utero. HPV vaccines have helped to provide protection from cervical cancer; however, their role in the prevention of RRP is undetermined. Clinical presentation of initial symptoms of RRP may be subtle. RRP course varies, and current management focuses on surgical debulking of papillomatous lesions with or without concurrent adjuvant therapy.

Cáncer cervical: Citología en base líquida, convencional y otras pruebas de tamizaje / Cervical cancer: Liquid-based, conventional cytology and other screening tests

La citología cervicovaginal como herramienta diagnóstica se inició en el siglo XIX con el médico griego George Papanicolaou y se implementó en los programas de tamizaje de cáncer a mediados de 1960, logrando una reducción de la mortalidad (80%) a nivel mundial. Como limitación está la baja sensibilidad que oscila entre 30 y 87%, con promedio de 53%. La mortalidad por cáncer cervical mundial es de 86% y 88% en países en vía de desarrollo. En Colombia la tasa de mortalidad ajustada por edad es de 18,2 por 100.000. Esto se debe al control de calidad inadecuado y la pobre actualización permanente de los citohistotecnólogos, sumada al alto número de lecturas realizadas en la jornada laboral, llevando a un sobrediagnóstico de atipia de células escamosas de significado indeterminado (ASCUS). Además influyen factores como la no toma de la citología por el bajo nivel socioeconómico y la falta de afiliación al régimen de seguridad social. La citología en base líquida (CBL) resuelve cinco problemas: 1) falta de captura de la totalidad de la muestra, 2) fijación deficiente, 3) distribución aleatoria de células anómalas, 4) existencia de elementos perturbadores y 5) mala calidad del frotis. Esta técnica incrementa la sensibilidad de lesiones intraepiteliales de alto grado y carcinomas, sin variación en la especificidad. Otras pruebas de tamización son la detección y tipificación del virus del papiloma humano (VPH) incluida en el plan obligatorio de salud (POS) 2012, la prueba de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR), oncogenes RNA E6 Y E7 y la inspección visual con ácido acético y lugol (vía vili) cuya filosofía es ver y tratar.

Cervico-vaginal cytology has been used as a diagnostic tool since the early 19th century started by the Greek physician George Papanicolaou and was implemented for cancer screening programs since the mid 1960s achieving an 80% reduction in mortality rate worldwide. A low sensibility between 30 and 87%, average 53%, is a drawback. Global mortality rate due to cervical cancer is 86% and 88% in developing countries. The age-related mortality rate in Colombia is 18.2 per 100.000 patients. The latter is due to inadequate quality control and lack of update training for cytohispathology technicians, in addition to the high number of readings performed during their work day leading to overdiagnosis of Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance (ASCUS). Other factors such as not performing a cervical smear due to low socioeconomic status and lack of affiliation to the social security system are also important. The use of liquid-based cytology (LBC) resolves five problems: 1) failure to capture the complete sample, 2) poor fixation, 3) random distribution of anomalous cells, 4) existence of perturbing elements, and 5) poor quality of the smear. This technique increases the sensibility of high-grade intraepithelial lesions and cancer lesions with no specificity variation. Other screening tests are: human papillomavirus (HPV) detection and typing tests included in the 2012 Health Obligatory Plan (POS) and the polymerase chain reaction tests (PCR), RNA oncogenes E6 and E7 and visual inspection with acetic acid and lugol´s iodine (VIA/VILI) in a “see and treat” cervical prevention strategy.

The importance of histological evaluation in death investigation: two cases of fatal proximal airway masses.

A recent prospective study published in the American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology concluded that routine histopathologic examination lacked value. We disagreed with this assertion as we have found routine microscopic examination to be fruitful by documenting gross findings and by revealing interesting and unexpected findings.We designed a retrospective study to determine the benefit and cost of routine histopathologic examination at our institution. Forensic autopsy cases from January 2004 through June 2007 with lethal gross findings were reviewed to determine the number of cases in which microscopic examination provided the definitive cause of death. Cost was based on the average number of hematoxylin-eosin-stained slides per autopsy.One case was found in which the microscopic findings determined the correct cause of death despite compelling history and the initial impression from the autopsy findings. The cost of routine histopathologic examination during this period was approximately $39,000.We conclude that routine histopathologic examination has value. Despite having a low yield, the information it provides is nonetheless important, and its cost is not prohibitive. Furthermore, there are benefits gained from routine microscopic examination as exemplified in the 2 case reports presented in this article.