Concept analysis of nursing activism.

Nursing history is firmly rooted in social and political activism; however, both the word activism and its defined actions have been minimized in modern nursing practice. This paper seeks to define activism, its uses, and importance to the nursing discipline. A concept analysis using the Walker and Avant (2019) method was conducted. Literature sources were identified through a search of PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO along with hand searches of reference lists. Nursing activism is a concept that extends from within the discipline's ethical responsibilities and social contract with humanity. Activism differs from advocacy or engagement as it requires the expenditure of energy including personal, social, and/or political capital. Nursing activism is a necessary response to health inequities, social accountability, and advancement of the nursing profession.

"Hay que seguir en la lucha": An FQHC's Community Health Action Approach to Promoting Latinx Immigrants' Individual and Community Resilience.

Latinx immigrants have poorer access to health care, compared to non-Latinx Whites. Federally-Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) provide clinical and community programing to address their clients' health needs. One mechanism by which FQHC's may strengthen Latinx immigrant well-being is by promoting their individual and community resilience. We partnered with La Clínica del Pueblo (La Clínica), an FQHC serving Latinx immigrants in Washington, DC and Prince George's County, Maryland. We conducted in-depth interviews in Spanish with 30 La Clínica clients to explore the daily adversities they faced, how they coped, and how La Clínica helped them cope. We conducted thematic analysis using Dedoose software. All participants were from Central America; 37% were undocumented. Participants were 18-78 years old, 70% cis-females, 23% cis-males (10% gay men), and 7% transgender. 57% reported a serious health issue, including diabetes. Participants identified three main adversities: immigration legal status, language, and isolation/depression. Residents of Prince George's, compared to DC, as well as sexual/gender minorities, reported more barriers to accessing health care. Sources of individual resilience for participants included fighting to improve their children's lives, relying on supportive networks, and using La Clínica as a safety net to overcome health access barriers. Sources of community resilience included La Clínica's safe spaces, support groups, referrals to outside legal service providers, and health promoter training. Latinx immigrants face multiple daily adversities, but we find evidence that La Clínica's community health action approach promotes their resilience. We offer a conceptual model for how FQHCs can foster resilience and strengthen immigrant health.

Assessing the Development of Collective Impact Initiatives Addressing Maternal and Child Health.

PURPOSE: To examine the extent to which communities participating in the Collective Impact Learning Collaborative (CILC) increased capacity to create conditions for collective impact (CI) to address racial disparities in maternal and child health (MCH) and align local efforts with state MCH priorities over a 12-month period. DESCRIPTION: Eight communities participated in a learning collaborative that involved the provision of technical assistance via webinars, monthly team calls, and site visits to facilitate the development of a collective impact initiative. A Ready-Set-Go approach to technical assistance was used to guide the communities through each phase of development while also providing individual assistance to teams based on their capacity at the start of participation. ASSESSMENT: A pre/post design measured change in capacity to engage in CI efforts over time. A survey designed to assess the completion of core tasks related to early indicators of CI was completed at baseline and 12 months later. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test and Mann-Whitney test determined statistically significant progress towards outcomes over 12 months and differences in progress between high- and low- capacity teams. CONCLUSION: In 12 months, teams with little established groundwork made significant progress, in some ways exceeding progress of more established teams. Statistically significant progress was achieved in eleven of fourteen outcomes measured. Five teams aligned local efforts with state priorities after 12 months. Findings suggest technical assistance to establish conditions for collective impact can support progress even when pre-conditions for collective impact are not previously established.

Changes in Sugary Beverage Consumption and Public Perceptions in Upstate New York After Implementation of a Community Awareness Campaign and Healthier Vending Strategies.

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the impact of a community-based healthy beverage procurement and serving practices program, and educational media campaign, on residents' behaviors and beliefs regarding sugary beverages. DESIGN: Repeated cross-sectional population surveys in 2013 and 2014 were conducted, as well as semistructured interviews with key informants. We employed multivariate differences-in-differences regression analysis, adjusting for demographics and weight status, using the survey data. Key informant interviews were reviewed for common themes. SETTING: Three rural counties in upstate New York with high prevalence of children living in poverty and childhood obesity. PARTICIPANTS: Residents of Broome, Cattaraugus, and Chautauqua, with Chemung as a control, reached through cross-sectional random-digit-dial landline and cellular telephones, and practitioners involved in intervention implementation. INTERVENTION: Community organizations were encouraged through presentations to leadership to adopt healthier vending policies, providing more low- and no-sugar options, and were provided assistance with implementation. In addition, a media campaign supported by presentations to the public aimed to educate residents regarding the health consequences of sugary beverage consumption. OUTCOME MEASURES: The survey measured population demographics and sugary beverage consumption frequency, availability, beliefs about harmfulness, and support for regulation, pre- and postintervention. Key informant interviews elicited perceived program challenges and successes. RESULTS: Compared with temporal trends in the control county, availability of regular soda in the intervention counties decreased (differences-in-differences estimator: ß = -.341, P = .04) and support for regulation increased (differences-in-differences estimator: ß = .162, P = .02). However, there were no differences regarding beliefs about harmfulness or consumption. Practitioners confirmed that the intervention increased awareness but was insufficient to spur action. CONCLUSION: Although public education on the harmfulness of sugary beverages and provision of healthier options in some vending machines successfully impacted soda availability and support for regulation, it did not reduce consumption. This intervention seems promising but should be paired with other community-based interventions for a more comprehensive approach.

What if communities held the solutions for universal health coverage?

This commentary highlights the value of community-engaged social innovations to advance health care delivery in low- and middle-income countries and to accelerate universal health coverage. It emphasizes the importance of research to guide the innovators on what works, what does not work to make their innovations sustainable and to replicate and scale them up as relevant. It also helps to demonstrate impact and to enhance uptake within the health systems.

Exploring patient and public involvement in motor neuron disease research.

Objectives: Patient and public involvement (PPI) is a relatively new practice whereby researchers involve patients and the public in the conduct of their research. The Sheffield Motor Neurone Disorders Research Advisory Group (SMNDRAG) is one of the first groups to specialise in motor neuron disease (MND). Its members include people living with MND, carers, relatives, volunteers, clinicians, and scientists. Our aim was to explore the experiences of those who participate in, organise and work with the SMNDRAG. Methods: We conducted 13 semi-structured interviews: 10 with members of the SMNDRAG and three with researchers who have worked with the group. We used thematic analysis to identify ways in which the group influenced research and the barriers and enablers to PPI. Results: A number of motivations for participating in the SMNDRAG were reported but the majority were altruistic. The SMNDRAG offered individuals psychosocial and intellectual benefits. The SMNDRAG has overcome a number of practical and psychological barriers to developing a successful and effective collaborative partnership resulting in a positive impact on research and researchers at each stage of the research process. For example, the group identified research priorities which ensured that research was patient-focused. However, several barriers remain, including the lack of diversity within the group and the perception that PPI participation requires a "certain type of person." Conclusions: PPI can make a valuable contribution to all aspects of research and can have a positive impact on those involved. We recommend ways in which PPI can and should be incorporated into research.

Public participation in science: How citizen science initiatives in healthcare and the environment are opening up new directions in research.

Public participation in science is opening up new research avenues. Recognising the potential of citizen science in fields such as health care could help science to better meet societal needs.

Community Health Impact Assessment in Ghana: Contemporary Concepts and Practical Methods.

It has long been recognized that health and its determinants are strongly influenced by policies, programs, and projects outside of the health care sector. Few countries have introduced health impact assessments (HIA) to try and ensure that probable impacts on health are considered. An appropriate health impact assessment regime will identify negative and positive impacts of proposed health policies and programs on health, enable the interpretation of health risk and potential health gain, and present the information to assist in decision making. These HIAs are often generic and rapid desk-based appraisals characterized by the use of information and evidence that is already available or easily accessible and generally undertaken by administrators in an organization to gain a snapshot of the health impacts to inform proposal direction. Rapid and generic desk-based assessments require less-intensive effort and resources and draws on existing data sources from scientific peer-reviewed and gray literature to analyze potential health impacts. However, both sources can also be used to determining whether a more detailed review is necessary. The Community HIA model proposed by this work departs from the generic and rapid desk-based appraisals and is intended to provide practical evidence to give higher priority to people's viewpoints, promote participation, understanding and incorporate community voices to help shape future policy, programs, and practice. A comprehensive review of Ghana's National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) was carried out using the generic desk-based HIA approach. This was followed by a practical qualitative community field work. In this research, we have demonstrated how community HIA is to be conducted through an actual case study in the Ghanaian West African context. The scope of this work is wide and incorporates the consideration of key concepts and possible methods for carrying out HIA at the community level.

A sociology of public responses to hospital change and closure.

The "problem" of public resistance to hospital closure is a recurring trope in health policy debates around the world. Recent papers have argued that when it comes to major change to hospitals, "the public" cannot be persuaded by clinical evidence, and that mechanisms of public involvement are ill-equipped to reconcile opposition with management desire for radical change. This paper presents data from in-depth qualitative case studies of three hospital change processes in Scotland's National Health Service, including interviews with 44 members of the public. Informed by sociological accounts of both hospitals and publics as heterogeneous, shifting entities, I explore how hospitals play meaningful roles within their communities. I identify community responses to change proposals which go beyond simple opposition, including evading, engaging with and acquiescing to changes. Explicating both hospitals and the publics they serve as complex social phenomena strengthens the case for policy and practice to prioritise dialogic processes of engagement. It also demonstrates the continuing value of careful, empirical research into public perspectives on contentious healthcare issues in the context of everyday life.

Current trends in patient and public involvement in cancer research: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Patient and public involvement (PPI) in health research is on the rise worldwide. Within cancer research, PPI ensures that the rapid development of medical and technological opportunities for diagnostics, treatment and care corresponds with the needs and priorities of people affected by cancer. An overview of the experiences, outcomes and quality of recent PPI in cancer research would provide valuable information for future research. OBJECTIVE: To describe the current state of PPI in cancer research focusing on the research stages, applied methods, stated purposes and outcomes, and challenges and recommendations. METHODS: A search was conducted on PubMed, CINAHL and PsycINFO for literature published from December 2006 to April 2017. Original research studies describing the involvement of cancer patients, stakeholders and carers as active partners at any stage of the research process were included. RESULTS: Twenty-seven studies were included, the majority reporting PPI at the early stages of research, that is, during the definition and prioritization of research topics and the development of recruitment strategies. Few studies reported PPI at later stages and across the research process. Challenges and recommendations were only briefly described, and critical reflection on the PPI process was lacking. CONCLUSION: PPI needs to be integrated more broadly in the cancer research process. The quality of reporting PPI should be strengthened through greater critical reflections including both positive and negative experiences of the PPI process. This will contribute to the further development of PPI and its potential in cancer research.

Health diagnosis: a responsibility of community health nursing in Angola.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the health situation of the population in the Imbondeiro neighborhood, sector C (Luanda). METHOD: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional and quantitative study. Families living in the sector were included, included in the sample by "door to door" contact. They accepted to participate through a free and consented form. RESULTS: Health diagnosis of 341 family households was conducted, involving 1,312 people. A total of 46.02% are male and 54.08% are female; from these, 42.62% are children, 15.14% adolescents and 42.24% adults. CONCLUSION: The results obtained and presented are in accordance with the data from the National Institute of Statistics of Angola (INE), revealing that it is necessary to intervene and to promote healthy lifestyle habits, regarding issues such as domestic violence, alcohol consumption, inappropriate eating habits, sexually communicable diseases, among others.

Health diagnosis: a responsibility of community health nursing in Angola / Diagnóstico de salud: una responsabilidad de la enfermería comunitaria en Angola / Diagnóstico de saúde: uma responsabilidade da enfermagem comunitária em Angola

ABSTRACT Objective: To characterize the health situation of the population in the Imbondeiro neighborhood, sector C (Luanda). Method: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional and quantitative study. Families living in the sector were included, included in the sample by "door to door" contact. They accepted to participate through a free and consented form. Results: Health diagnosis of 341 family households was conducted, involving 1,312 people. A total of 46.02% are male and 54.08% are female; from these, 42.62% are children, 15.14% adolescents and 42.24% adults. Conclusion: The results obtained and presented are in accordance with the data from the National Institute of Statistics of Angola (INE), revealing that it is necessary to intervene and to promote healthy lifestyle habits, regarding issues such as domestic violence, alcohol consumption, inappropriate eating habits, sexually communicable diseases, among others.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Caracterizar la situación de salud de la población del barrio Imbondeiro, sector C (Luanda). Método: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, cuantitativo. Se incluyeron las familias residentes en el sector, que aceptaron participar de forma libre, aclarada, a las cuales se tuvo acceso de modo accidental, por contacto «puerta a puerta¼. Resultados: Se realizó el diagnóstico de salud de 341 agregados familiares, lo que implicó a 1321 personas, de las cuales un 46,02 % del sexo masculino y un 54,08 % del sexo femenino. De estos, un 42,62 % son niños, un 15,14 % adolescentes y un 42,24 % adultos. Conclusión: Los resultados obtenidos y presentados están de acuerdo con los datos del Instituto Nacional de Estadística, lo que revela la necesidad de intervenir en la promoción de hábitos de vida saludables, en cuestiones como violencia doméstica, consumo de alcohol, hábitos alimentarios inadecuados, enfermedades sexualmente transmisibles, entre otros.

RESUMO Objetivo: Caracterizar a situação de saúde da população do bairro do Imbondeiro, setor C (Luanda). Método: Estudo descritivo, transversal e quantitativo. Incluídas as famílias residentes no setor, que aceitaram participar de forma livre e esclarecida e acedidas de modo acidental, por contacto "porta a porta". Resultados: Fez-se o diagnóstico de saúde de 341 agregados familiares, envolvendo 1321 pessoas. 46,02% são do género masculino, 54,08% do género feminino; destes, 42,62% são crianças, 15,14% adolescentes e 42,24% adultos. A maioria das famílias é alargada. A alimentação engloba açúcares e hidratos de carbono. Existe consumo de álcool e violência. Conclusão: Os resultados obtidos e apresentados vão de encontro aos do Instituto Nacional de Estatística (INE), no que diz respeito às três faixas etárias estudadas e ao seu diagnóstico de situação de saúde, revelando ser necessário intervir na promoção de hábitos de vida saudáveis, em áreas como violência doméstica, consumo de álcool, hábitos alimentares, doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, entre outras.

Emergence of an Israel faith-based community organization facilitating live donor kidney transplantation.

BACKGROUND: The 2014 Consensus Conference on Best Practices in Living Kidney Donations recognized live donor kidney transplantation as the best treatment for late-stage kidney disease, yielding superior graft and patient survival, improved quality of life, fewer requirements for dialysis and increased cost-effectiveness compared to deceased donor kidney transplantation. Yet in spite of the excellent results of living kidney donation, the annual number of living kidney donors is declining in many countries, including the United States. In Israel, a non-profit organization, Matnat Chaim ("Gift of Life" in Hebrew), a faith-based initiative, has emerged as a major force for arranging living donor kidney transplantation mainly by facilitating altruistic living unrelated donor transplantation. METHODS: A retrospective review of the records of live kidney donations facilitated by the Matnat Chaim organization and referred to Israel transplant centers, since the organization's inception in 2009, was performed and compared to published data from the Israel Ministry of Health. RESULTS: Matnat Chaim has facilitated 494 live kidney donations since its founding in February 2009 until the end of 2017. Of the 124 live kidney transplants performed in 2016, 111 (90%) were shown to be altruistic and unrelated. This large number of donations was associated with a doubling of the total number of kidney transplantations, performed in Israel (data published by the Israel Ministry of Health). CONCLUSIONS: The success of an Israel community organization in the promotion of kidney transplantation may serve as a model for other religious and non-religious communities worldwide.

O uso do Facebook na promoção da saúde: uma revisão bibliográfica sobre empoderamento e participação popular / The use of Facebook in the health promotion: a literature review about empowerment and popular participation / El uso del Facebook en la promoción de la salud: una revisión de la literatura sobre empoderamiento y participación popular

Em consonância com diversas áreas da sociedade, o uso das mídias sociais tem oportunizado novas formas de comunicação e de compartilhamento de conteúdo no campo da saúde pública. O presente ensaio teórico propõe uma reflexão sobre o uso do Facebook relacionado a diretrizes e princípios presentes na Política Nacional de Humanização (PNH), na Política Nacional de Promoção da Saúde (PNPS) e na Política Nacional de Gestão Estratégica e Participativa no SUS (ParticipaSUS) do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil. São descritos, ainda, os recursos do Facebook e realizada uma revisão de literatura. Os resultados evidenciam a incipiência da temática na língua portuguesa e como essa mídia social pode contribuir para o fortalecimento da participação popular na gestão pública e para o empoderamento de indivíduos e coletividades. (AU)

In consonance with different spheres of the society, the use of social media has made possible new ways of communication and of content sharing in the public health field. This article suggests to think about the use of Facebook related to guidelines and principles found in the PNH - Política Nacional de Humanização (National Policy of Humanization), in the PNPS ­ Política Nacional de Promoção da Saúde (National Policy of Health Promotion) and in the ParticipaSUS ­ Política Nacional de Gestão Estratégica e Participativa no SUS (National Policy of Strategic and Participative Management in the SUS), all of them developed by the Health Ministry of Brazil. Also a Facebook's features description and a literature review have been done. The results show that the subject in the Portuguese language is incipient and how this social media can contribute to the strengthening of popular participation in the public management and to the empowerment of individuals and communities.(AU)

En consonancia con diversas áreas de la sociedad, el uso de los medios de comunicación sociales tiene posibilitado nuevas formas de comunicación y el intercambio de contenidos en el campo de la salud pública. El presente artículo propone una reflexión sobre el uso del Facebook relacionado a las directrices y a los principios que se encuentran en la PNH ­ Política Nacional de Humanização (Política Nacional de Humanización), en la PNPS ­ Política Nacional de Promoção da Saúde (Política Nacional de Promoción de la Salud) y en la ParticipaSUS ­ Política Nacional de Gestão Estratégica e Participativa no SUS (Política Nacional de Gestión Estratégica y Participativa en el SUS) desarrolladas por el Ministerio de Salud de Brasil. El presente artículo describe también los recursos del Facebook y realiza una revisión de la literatura. Los resultados muestran que la materia en lengua portuguesa es incipiente y cómo ese medio de comunicación social puede contribuir al fortalecimiento de la participación popular en la gestión pública y al empoderamiento de los individuos y de los grupos.(AU)

Analysis of the supply chain and conservation status of sharks (Elasmobranchii: Superorder Selachimorpha) based on fisher knowledge.

Increasing fishing effort has caused declines in shark populations worldwide. Understanding biological and ecological characteristics of sharks is essential to effectively implement management measures, but to fully understand drivers of fishing pressure social factors must be considered through multidisciplinary and integrated approaches. The present study aimed to use fisher and trader knowledge to describe the shark catch and product supply chain in Northeastern Brazil, and evaluate perceptions regarding the regional conservation status of shark species. Non-systematic observations and structured individual interviews were conducted with experienced fishers and traders. The demand and economic value of shark fins has reportedly decreased over the last 10 years while the shark meat trade has increased slightly, including a small increase in the average price per kilogram of meat. Several threatened shark species were reportedly often captured off shore and traded at local markets. This reported and observed harvest breaches current Brazilian environmental laws. Fishing communities are aware of population declines of several shark species, but rarely take action to avoid capture of sharks. The continuing capture of sharks is mainly due to a lack of knowledge of environmental laws, lack of enforcement by responsible authorities, and difficulties encountered by fishers in finding alternative income streams. National and regional conservation measures are immediately required to reduce overfishing on shark populations in Northeastern Brazil. Social and economic improvements for poor fishing communities must also be implemented to achieve sustainable fisheries.

Cyclic motifs in the Sardex monetary network.

From decentralized banking systems to digital community currencies, the way humans perceive and use money is changing1-3, thus creating novel opportunities for solving important economic and social problems. Here, we study Sardex, a fast-growing community currency in Sardinia (involving 1,477 businesses arrayed in a network with 48,170 transactions) using network analysis to shed light on its operation. Based on our experience with its day-to-day operations, we propose performance metrics tailored for Sardex but also to similar economic systems, introduce criteria for identifying prominent economic actors and investigate the interplay between network structure and economic robustness. Leveraging new methods for quantifying network 'cyclic density' and 'k-cycle centrality,' we show that geodesic transaction cycles, where money flows in a circle through the network, are prevalent and that certain nodes have a pivotal role in them. We analyse the transactions within cycles and find that the economic turnover of the involved firms is higher, and that excessive currency and debt accumulations are lower. We also measure a similar, but secondary, effect for nodes and edges that serve as intermediaries to many transactions. These metrics are strong indicators of the success of such mutual credit systems at individual and collective levels.

Participar está na moda: uma abordagem psicossocial dos orçamentos participativos / Participar está de moda: un enfoque psicosocial de los presupuestos participativos / Participation is trendy: a social psychological approach to the participatory budget

RESUMO Autores têm apontado para como os processos de participação institucionalizados poderão não ser verdadeiramente participativos. Este estudo analisa factores estruturais condicionantes destes processos, tendencialmente esquecidos nos estudos sobre a participação no âmbito da Psicologia Social, através de análise exploratória das sessões de Orçamento Participativo (OP) em três municípios em Portugal. Partindo de uma perspectiva etnográfica, procurámos perceber que factores estão relacionados com os modelos de OP e em que medida os contextos social, cultural e político de cada município poderão explicar as diferenças verificadas na participação local; em que medida a organização espacial das sessões, os recursos utilizados e o tipo de comunicação poderão estar associados às mesmas. As análises sugerem uma relação complexa entre a natureza mais ou menos deliberativa/consultiva do procedimento e o nível de participação, demonstrando que a retórica institucional participativa utilizada pelos decisores nem sempre corresponde a práticas mais ou menos participativas por parte dos cidadãos.

RESUMEN Autores han señalado cómo los procesos de participación institucionalizados pueden no ser verdaderamente participativos. Se analizam factores estructurales condicionantes de estos procesos, tendencialmente olvidados en los estudios sobre la participación en la Psicología Social, a través de análisis exploratorio de las sesiones de Presupuesto Participativo (PP) en tres municipios en Portugal. A partir de una perspectiva etnográfica, intentamos percibir qué factores están relacionados con los modelos de PP y en qué medida los contextos social, cultural y político de cada municipio pueden explicar las diferencias en la participación local; en qué medida la organización espacial de las sesiones, los recursos utilizados y el tipo de comunicación podrán estar asociados a las mismas. Los análisis sugieren una relación compleja entre la naturaleza más o menos deliberativa/consultiva del procedimiento y el nivel de participación, donde la retórica institucional participativa utilizada por los decisores no siempre corresponde a prácticas más o menos participativas por parte de los ciudadanos.

ABSTRACT Institutionalized participatory processes may not be truly participative. This study aims to analyze structural factors underlying participation, often neglected by social psychology. An exploratory study was carried out on participatory budgeting sessions in three municipalities in Portugal. From an ethnographic perspective, we have compared contextual factors related to different participatory budgeting models; differences in citizens' participation which may be attributed to the social, cultural and political contexts of each municipality; and how the spatial organization, the resources applied and the type of communication used in the different budgeting sessions may possibly shape the ways different agents interact. Results suggest that there is a complex relation between the deliberative/consultative natures of the participatory budgeting and the level of the citizens' participation, showing that the participatory institutional rhetoric used by policymakers does not always correspond to citizens' participatory practices.

Consumer-Centric Care: Latest Buzzword or New Reality?

With the industry in flux as federal healthcare reform legislation debates continue, leaders are preparing for what the post-Affordable Care Act world might look like. Predictions include patients assuming more responsibility for healthcare costs and therefore behaving like consumers, including choosing providers based on perceived value. What actions should chief nurse executives take to ensure the nursing enterprise responds to rising consumerism in healthcare?