Assessment of the protective effect of yeast cell wall ß-glucan encapsulating humic acid nanoparticles as an aflatoxin B1 adsorbent in vivo.

This study aimed to assess the protective effect of encapsulating humic acid-iron complexed nanoparticles (HA-Fe NPs) inside glucanmannan lipid particles (GMLPs) extracted from yeast cell wall against aflatoxin B (AFB1 ) toxicity in vivo. Four groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated orally for 2 weeks included the control group, AFB1 treated group (80 µg/kg b.w); GMLP/HA-Fe NPs treated group (0.5 mg/kg b.w), and the group treated with AFB1 plus GMLP/HA-Fe NPs. GMLPs are empty 3-4 micron permeable microspheres that provide an efficient system for the synthesis and encapsulation of AFB1 -absorbing nanoparticles (NPs). Humic acid nanoparticles (HA-NPs) were incorporated inside the GMLP cavity by complexation with ferric chloride. In vivo study revealed that AFB1 significantly elevated serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, uric acid, urea, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide. It significantly decreased total protein, high-density lipoprotein, hepatic and renal CAT and glutathione peroxidase content and induced histological changes in the liver and kidney (p ≤ 0.05). The coadministration of the synthesized formulation GMLP/HA-Fe NPs with AFB1 has a protective effect against AFB1 -induced hepato-nephrotoxicity, oxidative stress and histological alterations in the liver and kidney.

A novel iron supplements preparation from Grifola frondosa polysaccharide and assessment of antioxidant, lymphocyte proliferation and complement fixing activities.

Grifola frondosa polysaccharide-iron (III) complex (GFP-iron) was synthesized and characterized. Based on single factor and orthogonal optimization experiments of GFP-iron (III) complex synthesis, the optimum conditions were the reaction temperature 80°C, pH 8, reaction time 90min and ratio of catalyst to GFP 1:1.0gg-1. The iron content of GFP-iron (III) complex reached 24.15% under the optimums and characterized by fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG) and iron release in vitro assay. By 5-axe cobweb charts, the antioxidant activity of GFP-iron (III) complex was comprehensively evaluated. The results showed GFP-iron (III) complex retained a certain antioxidant activity. The lymphocytes proliferation of GFP-iron (III) complex was increased by 61.68% comparing with that of GFP at the sample concentration of 62.5µg/mL. At giving 50% haemolysis, the concentration of GFP-iron (III) complex was 0.261mg/mL. Therefore, GFP-iron (III) complex would be expected to exploit into a new-type comprehensive iron supplements.