Disposições incorporadas: perspectivas identitárias das enfermeiras na atenção primária à saúde / Embodied dispositions: indentity perspectives of in primary health care / Disposiciones incorporadas: perspectivas de identidad de las enfermeras en la atención primaria de salud

Objetivo: analisar o impacto das disposições incorporadas na identidade profissional das enfermeiras na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: estudo qualitativo, realizado com nove enfermeiras atuantes na Atenção Primária àSaúde na Bahia, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. A análise dos dados foi fundamentada em Pierre Bourdieu, por meio da análise de conteúdo, realizada com auxílio do software Nvivo 10. Resultados: foram evidenciadas três categorias: Sentimento de responsabilização excessiva; Sentimento de obrigatoriedade de fazer mesmo sem condições estruturais; e Sobrecarga de trabalho. Constatou-se a necessidade de investir em estratégias que identifiquem o trabalho do profissional de enfermagem, para melhor delineamento das reais responsabilidades da profissão. Conclusão: as disposições incorporadas são um fator importante na construção da identidade profissional da enfermeira. Espera-se contribuir para enfrentamento, análise e intervenção no processo de trabalho dessas profissionais em seus distintos campos de atuação, com vistas a edificar o trabalho em equipe e sua autonomia profissional.(AU)

Objective: to analyze the impact of the embodied dispositions in the professional identity of nurses in Primary Health Care (PHC). Method: qualitative study, carried out with nine nurses working in PHC in a small town in Bahia, Brazil, through semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was based on Pierre Bourdieu theory, through content analysis, performed with the help of NVivo 10 software. Results: three categories were evidenced: Feeling of excessive responsibility, feeling of obligation to do even without structural conditions, and work overload. There was a need to invest in strategies that identify the work of the Nursing professional, for a better delineation of the real responsibilities of the profession. Conclusion: the embodied dispositions are an important factor in the construction of the nurse's professional identity. It is expected to contribute to the confrontation, analysis, and intervention in the work process of these professionals in their different fields of activity, with a view to building teamwork and their professional autonomy.(AU)

Objetivo: evaluar el impacto de las incorporaciones a la identidad profesional de las enfermeras que trabajan en Atención Primaria de Salud.Método: se llevó a cabo un estudio cualitativo con la participación de nueve enfermeras que ejercen en el ámbito de Atención Primaria de Salud en un municipio pequeño de Bahía, Brasil. Para esto se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas para recopilar datos. El análisis de la información se fundamentó en la metodología de análisis de contenido de Pierre Bourdieu y se utilizó el software NVivo 10. Resultados: emergieron tres categorías: Sentimiento de responsabilidad excesiva; Sensación de obligación de realizar acciones incluso sin las condiciones estructurales adecuadas; y Carga de trabajo excesiva. Se destacó la necesidad de implementar estrategias que definan el trabajo de las enfermeras para establecer claramente las responsabilidades inherentes a la profesión. Conclusiones: las actitudes internalizadas son determinantes en la configuración de la identidad profesional de las enfermeras. Esta investigación aspira a contribuir en la confrontación, el análisis y la intervención en el proceso laboral de estos profesionales en distintos entornos, con miras a fortalecer el trabajo en equipo y su independencia profesional.(AU)

Structuring the Investment Opportunity for a Transition to Practice Program.

Gaining organizational commitment to build or expand a transition to practice program is greatly enhanced by following a business strategy that calls out an encompassing program return on investment (ROI). This article proposes the ROI categories that are powerful investment influencers for executives responsible for funding programs. The business strategy offers insight on how to connect workforce pipeline, retention, program accreditation/reimbursement, traveler replacement, improved quality measures, and career advancement data into a persuasive investment case. Additionally, for advanced practice residency/fellowships, additional categories of linking quality outcomes, billing and revenue generation, productivity, and procedural services are highlighted. [J Contin Educ Nurs. 2022;53(7):293-296.].

Vertical Integration Versus Physician Owners: Trends in Practice Structure Among Breast Cancer Surgeons.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to document changes in physician practice structure among surgeons who treat women with breast cancer. DESIGN: We merged cancer registry records from 5 large states with Medicare Part B claims to identify each surgeon who treated women with breast cancer. We added information from SK&A surveys and extensive internet searches. We analyzed changes in breast surgeons' practice structure over time. MEASURES: We assigned each surgeon-year a practice structure type: (1) small single-specialty practice; (2) single-specialty surgery or multispecialty practice with ownership in an ambulatory surgery center (ASC); (3) physician-owned hospital; (4) multispecialty; (5) employed. RESULTS: In 2003, nearly 74% of breast cancer surgeons belonged to small single-specialty practices. By 2014, this percentage fell to 51%. A shift to being employed (vertical integration) accounted for only a portion of this decline; between 2003 and 2014, the percentage of surgeons who were employed increased from 10% to 20%. The remainder of this decline is due to surgeons opting to acquire ownership in an ASC or a specialty hospital. Between 2003 and 2014, the percentage of surgeons with ownership in an ASC or specialty hospital increased from 4% to 17%. CONCLUSIONS: Dramatic changes in surgeon practice structure occurred between 2003 and 2014 across the 5 states we examined. The most notable was the sharp decline in the prevalence of the small single-specialty practice and large increases in the proportion of surgeons either employed or with ownership in ACSs or hospitals.

Practice Management Strategies Among Current Members of the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons.

BACKGROUND: A survey was conducted at the 2021 Annual Meeting of the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons (AAHKS) to evaluate current practice management strategies among AAHKS members. METHODS: An application was used by AAHKS members to answer both multiple-choice and yes or no questions. Specific questions were asked regarding the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on practice patterns. RESULTS: There was a dramatic acceleration in same day total joint arthroplasty with 85% of AAHKS members performing same day total joint arthroplasty. More AAHKS members remain in private practice (46%) than other practice types, whereas fee for service (34%) and relative value units (26%) are the major form of compensation. At the present time, 93% of practices are experiencing staffing shortages, and these shortages are having an impact on surgical volume. CONCLUSION: This survey elucidates the current practice patterns of AAHKS members. The pandemic has had a significant impact on some aspects of practice activity. Future surveys need to monitor changes in practice patterns over time.

Using a Data-Driven Improvement Methodology to Decrease Surgical Site Infections in a Community Neurosurgery Practice: Optimizing Preoperative Screening and Perioperative Antibiotics.

OBJECTIVE: We used a data-driven methodology to decrease the departmental surgical site infection rate to a goal of 1%. METHODS: A prospective interventional study with historical controls comparing preimplementation/intervention (unknown methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus [MSSA]/methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA] status and standard weight and drug allergy-based preoperative antibiotics) with postimplementation/intervention (optimized preoperative chlorhexidine showers, MSSA/MRSA screening, MSSA/MRSA decolonization, and optimized preoperative antibiotic order set implementation). The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program was used for case surveillance. The primary outcome was the presence of a surgical site infection with a secondary outcome of cost(s) of implementation. RESULTS: A total of 317 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program abstracted neurosurgical cases were analyzed, 163 cases before implementation and 154 cases after implementation. There were no significant differences between the preimplementation and postimplementation cohorts regarding patient demographics and baseline comorbidities, with the exceptions of inpatient and functional status (P < 0.001). The most common procedures were lumbar decompression (31%), lumbar discectomy (27%), and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (10.4%). After implementation, 30 patients were MSSA positive (20%) and 4 MRSA positive (2.6%). Thirty patients received preoperative intranasal mupirocin decolonization (88%), and 4 patients received adjusted preoperative antibiotics (12%). After protocol implementation, the surgical site infection rate decreased from 6.7% (odds ratio, 2.82) to 0.96% (odds ratio, 0.91). The cost of implementation was $27,179, or $58 per patient. CONCLUSIONS: The findings highlight the importance of systematically investigating areas of gap in existing clinical practice and quality improvement projects to increase patient safety and enhance the value of care delivered to neurosurgical patients.

How the Institutional and Policy Context Shapes the Establishment of Nurse Practitioner Roles and Practice in New Zealand's Primary Health Care Sector.

The implementation of the nurse practitioner (NP) workforce in primary health care (PHC) in New Zealand has been slow, despite ongoing concerns over persisting health inequalities and a crisis in the primary care physician workforce. This article, as part of a wider institutional ethnography, draws on the experiences of one NP and two NP candidates, as they struggle to establish and deliver PHC services in areas of high need, rural, and Indigenous Maori communities in New Zealand. Using information gathered initially by interview, we develop an analysis of how the institutional and policy context is shaping their experiences and limiting opportunities for the informants to provide meaningful comprehensive PHC. Their work (time and effort), with various health organizations, was halted with little rationale, and seemingly contrary to New Zealand's strategic direction for PHC stipulated in the Primary Health Care Strategy 2001. The tension between the extant biomedical model, known as primary care, and the broader principles of PHC was evident. Our analysis explored how the perpetuation of the neoliberal health policy environment through a "hands-off" approach from central government and district health boards resulted in a highly fragmented and complex health sector. Ongoing policy and sector perseverance to support privately owned physician-led general practice; a competitive contractual environment; and significant structural health sector changes, all restricted the establishment of NP services. Instead, commitment across the health sector is needed to ensure implementation of the NP workforce as autonomous mainstream providers of comprehensive PHC services.

Medical Records: More Than the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act.

It is the responsibility of each organization, including private practice businesses, to maintain a comprehensive medical records retention policy. While registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs) are qualified and competent business owners, navigating through the challenges of proper medical record management can be difficult without a sound policy. A comprehensive medical record retention policy consists of 4 major components: creation, utilization, maintenance, and destruction as well as a retention schedule. Successful implementation of a comprehensive medical record retention policy promotes positive clinician-patient interaction and avoidance of potential legal ramifications.

Weakening of nurses practice delivering same day-access in primary care / Fragilización de práctica de la enfermería a consulta a demanda espontánea en atención primaria / Fragilização da prática do enfermeiro no atendimento à demanda espontânea na atenção primária

ABSTRACT Objective To identify and analyze the weaknesses of the nurse's practice in meeting spontaneous demands in primary care units in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Method Qualitative study carried out in Rio de Janeiro, in 2016, with 20 nurses recruited unintentionally. The focus group and simple observation were applied, and data were subjected to thematic content analysis. Results The spontaneous demand service causes tensions and work overload. Nurses and community health agents are primarily responsible for organizing access. Final considerations There was a lack of understanding of the practice of spontaneous demand as part of care management, in addition to a polysemy related to the term. While for some, welcoming practices means greater autonomy, incorporating a larger scope of actions related to care and expanding their clinical practice; for others, they represent a stage that precedes medical consultation and a disorganizing element of care.

RESUMEN Objetivo Identificar y analizar las debilidades de la práctica de la enfermera para atender la demanda espontánea en las unidades de atención primaria de la ciudad de Rio de Janeiro. Método Estudio cualitativo realizado en Rio de Janeiro, en 2016, con 20 enfermeras reclutadas de manera no intencional. Se aplicó el grupo focal y la observación simple, y los datos fueron sometidos a análisis de contenido temático. Resultados El servicio de demanda espontánea genera tensiones y sobrecarga de trabajo. La enfermera y el agente de salud de la comunidad son los principales responsables de organizar el acceso. Consideraciones finales Existía una falta de comprensión de la práctica de la demanda espontánea como parte de la gestión del cuidado, además de una polisemia relacionada con el término. Mientras que para algunos las prácticas de acogida significan una mayor autonomía, incorporando un mayor abanico de acciones relacionadas con el cuidado y ampliando su práctica clínica; para otros, representan una etapa que precede a la consulta médica y un elemento desorganizador de la atención.

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar as fragilidades da prática do enfermeiro no atendimento à demanda espontânea nas unidades de atenção primária do município do Rio de Janeiro. Método Estudo qualitativo realizado no Rio de Janeiro, em 2016, com 20 enfermeiros recrutados não intencionalmente. Aplicou-se o grupo focal e a observação simples, e os dados foram submetidos à análise temática de conteúdo. Resultados O atendimento por demanda espontânea provoca tensões e sobrecarga no trabalho. O enfermeiro e o agente comunitário de saúde são os principais responsáveis pela organização do acesso. Considerações finais Constatou-se a incompreensão da prática da demanda espontânea como integrante da gestão do cuidado, além da polissemia relacionada ao termo. Enquanto para alguns as práticas de acolhimento significam maior autonomia, incorporando um escopo maior de ações referentes ao atendimento e ampliando a sua prática clínica; para outros, representam uma etapa que antecede a consulta médica e um elemento desorganizador da assistência.

Early Career Challenges in Setting Up an Endoscopic Spine Surgery Practice.

After the completion of an endoscopic spinal surgery fellowship, the next challenge for the newly minted consultant is to set up a viable and sustainable endoscopic practice. A successful practice of endoscopic spine surgery is dependent on several factors, such as anesthetic support; surgical expertise; support for provision and maintenance of endoscopic equipment; cost of equipment; administrative and nursing support; postoperative care services to optimize patients' outcome and satisfaction; patients' ideas, concerns, and expectations, as well as continuing medical education. In this article, a perspective is given on the early career challenges that a fellowship-trained endoscopic surgeon may encounter in the period leading to first successful endoscopic spinal surgery.

Incorporating Nonsurgical Options and Aesthetic Services into Your Facial Plastic Surgery Practice.

The facial plastic surgeon faces increasing competition in the aesthetic world for both surgical and nonsurgical services. Incorporating nonsurgical options in practice, such as "liquid facelifts," aesthetic services, and products, increases both patient satisfaction and office revenue stream. A successful nonsurgical practice can be built with minimal expense by focusing on the most critical and popular options to offer patients.

The Best Business Moves You Can Use To Enhance Your Practice.

This article offers a practical approach for cosmetic surgeons to develop and enhance their clinical practice by offering pearls that have worked for the author. Leadership of staff is the cornerstone of developing a successful business practice by hiring, retaining, and inspiring key talent. It is important to develop a clear vision for a practice and to articulate a unique selling proposition that can attract patients and be effectively communicated by authentic videos. Peers can be a source of accountability and feedback and can help provide support and structure to a business owner.

Understanding and Getting Involved in the International Facial Plastic Surgery Community.

This article is intended to engage international facial plastic and reconstructive surgeons so they can maximally benefit from the increased connectivity fostered by the Internet. Facial plastic surgeons are encouraged to participate in the educational programs being developed by the International Federation of Facial Plastic Surgery Societies. Many international surgeons grapple with the issues surrounding the development or expansion of their own facial plastic and reconstructive surgery practices. The Strategy Circle and suggestions on how to acquire knowledge and surgical skills are discussed. Practical recommendations to assist in transitioning a practice to facial plastic and reconstructive surgery are provided.

Implementation of Synchronous Telemedicine into Clinical Practice.

Synchronous telemedicine allows clinicians to expand their reach by using technology to take care of patients who otherwise may not be seen. Establishing a telemedicine practice can be daunting. This article outlines how to implement a synchronous telemedicine practice into an existing workflow. Telemedicine-specific considerations are discussed, as well as guidance regarding practice assessment, financial feasibility, technical considerations, and clinical guidance to translate in-person visit skills into an effective virtual visit.

The effectiveness of continuous quality improvement for developing professional practice and improving health care outcomes: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Efforts to improve the quality, safety, and efficiency of health care provision have often focused on changing approaches to the way services are organized and delivered. Continuous quality improvement (CQI), an approach used extensively in industrial and manufacturing sectors, has been used in the health sector. Despite the attention given to CQI, uncertainties remain as to its effectiveness given the complex and diverse nature of health systems. This review assesses the effectiveness of CQI across different health care settings, investigating the importance of different components of the approach. METHODS: We searched 11 electronic databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, AMED, Academic Search Complete, HMIC, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, LISTA, and NHS EED to February 2019. Also, we searched reference lists of included studies and systematic reviews, as well as checking published protocols for linked papers. We selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) within health care settings involving teams of health professionals, evaluating the effectiveness of CQI. Comparators included current usual practice or different strategies to manage organizational change. Outcomes were health care professional performance or patient outcomes. Studies were published in English. RESULTS: Twenty-eight RCTs assessed the effectiveness of different approaches to CQI with a non-CQI comparator in various settings, with interventions differing in terms of the approaches used, their duration, meetings held, people involved, and training provided. All RCTs were considered at risk of bias, undermining their results. Findings suggested that the benefits of CQI compared to a non-CQI comparator on clinical process, patient, and other outcomes were limited, with less than half of RCTs showing any effect. Where benefits were evident, it was usually on clinical process measures, with the model used (i.e., Plan-Do-Study-Act, Model of Improvement), the meeting type (i.e., involving leaders discussing implementation) and their frequency (i.e., weekly) having an effect. None considered socio-economic health inequalities. CONCLUSIONS: Current evidence suggests the benefits of CQI in improving health care are uncertain, reflecting both the poor quality of evaluations and the complexities of health services themselves. Further mixed-methods evaluations are needed to understand how the health service can use this proven approach. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Protocol registered on PROSPERO (CRD42018088309).

[What place for French morbidity registries in the era of big data?] / Quelle place pour les registres de morbidité à l'ère des données massives de santé ?

The recent opening of massive health databases, as well as the development of methods and tools adapted to their data processing, questions the French model of "morbidity registry". In France in 2019, nearly 61 health registries were operating. As defined by law, these registries identify exhaustively all patients with a given disease in a given territory. Established several decades ago, these registries are part of the French surveillance system that is used for research and evaluation purposes. Since the advent of recent technological progress, large-scale databases are made available to researchers and it is possible with these databases to answer questions initially assigned to the registries. What is the place of such registries in this new context: are they obsolete or still useful? Should they be opposed to the new tools or are they complementary to them, and if so, what is their place in the new French public health ecosystem? The objective of this work was to assess the roles and missions of existing registries and to reflect on their positioning in this new environment. The French model of registry is sometimes questioned because of the complexity of its circuits, requiring a significant amount of human resources. However, the data that constitute them, validated by cross-checking information from several sources, are of very high quality, and make it possible to validate the data in the new databases (National Health Data System (NSDS) or Hospital Data Warehouses). Registries and new databases are in fact complementary, and far from jeopardizing this model, the recent opening of these databases represents an opportunity for registries to modernize their operations and respond to new missions.

Evaluation of Targeted Pharmacist Interventions to Reduce Length of Stay in an Acute Care Practice Model.

BACKGROUND: Despite widespread recognition of the need for innovative pharmacy practice approaches, the development and implementation of value-based outcomes remains difficult to achieve. Furthermore, gaps in the literature persist because the majority of available literature is retrospective in nature and describes only the clinical impact of pharmacists' interventions. OBJECTIVE: Length of stay (LOS) is a clinical outcome metric used to represent efficiency in health care. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of pharmacist-driven interventions on LOS in the acute care setting. METHODS: A separate samples pretest-posttest design was utilized to compare the effect of pharmacist interventions across 3 practice areas (medicine, hematology/oncology, and pediatrics). Two time periods were evaluated: preimplementation (PRE) and a pilot period, postimplementation of interventions (POST). Interventions included targeted discharge services, such as discharge prescription writing (with provider cosignature). Participating pharmacists completed semistructured interviews following the pilot. RESULTS: A total of 924 patients (466 PRE and 458 POST) were included in the analysis. The median LOS decreased from 4.95 (interquartile range = 3.24-8.5) to 4.12 (2.21-7.96) days from the PRE versus POST groups, respectively ( P < 0.011). There was no difference in readmission rates between groups (21% vs 19.1%, P = 0.7). Interviews revealed several themes, including positive impact on professional development. Conclusion and Relevance: This pilot study demonstrated the ability of pharmacist interventions to reduce LOS. Pharmacists identified time as the primary barrier and acknowledged the importance of leaders prioritizing pharmacists' responsibilities. This study is novel in targeting LOS, providing a value-based outcome for clinical pharmacy services.