Assessment of mathematical model for elliptical excision: solving the doubt about vertex angle and predicting postoperative wound length.

BACKGROUND: Elliptical excision is the most commonly used method for small benign tumour excision and primary closure. However, elliptical excision remains the topic of debate. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship among postoperative incision, vertex angle, and the length and width of fusiform excision through a mathematical model. METHODS: We collected data from fusiform circle excisions performed at the author's hospital (101 cases). The measured values were applied to the mathematical model formula for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The functional relationships among the length, width, arc, and angle of the fusiform circle were obtained. The mean apical tangent angle was 100.731°±15.782°, and the mean apical inner angle was 50.366°±7.891°. There was no significant difference between the preoperatively designed arc length preoperative and the postoperative incision length (P < 0.001). The apical vertex push-out distance equals half of the value of the fusiform length subtracted from arc. CONCLUSIONS: The mathematical model can be used to design the incision for ellipse fusiform excision to predict the final wound length.

Surgical Instant Replay-A National Video-Based Performance Assessment Toolbox.

This article discusses the widespread implementation of surgical video replay to improve technical and nontechnical performance of surgeons.

Sensor pré-calibrado para monitorização de pressão intravascular e minimamente invasiva do débito cardíaco, Flotrac®, para cirurgias, maiores e de alto risco / Pre-calibrated sensor for intravascular and minimally invasive monitoring of cardiac output, Flotrac®, for major and high-risk surgeries

INTRODUÇÃO: O padrão ouro atual para monitorização hemodinâmica durante cirurgias é o cateter de artéria pulmonar, que exige punção venosa profunda. O FloTrac® é um sistema para monitorização hemodinâmica minimamente invasivo pois conecta-se à uma punção arterial distal, com potencial menor risco de complicações. TECNOLOGIA: Sensor pré-calibrado para monitorização hemodinâmica contínua do débito cardíaco e da pressão intravascular, sistema FloTrac. PERGUNTA: O uso do sistema FloTrac® em pacientes submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos de grande porte ou de alto risco é eficaz e seguro quando comparado ao uso do cateter de artéria pulmonar? EVIDÊNCIAS CIENTÍFICAS: As buscas identificaram apenas um ensaio clínico randomizado, cujo objetivo foi comparar o efeito da terapia guiada por metas realizada utilizando o cateter de artéria pulmonar versus o sistema FloTrac® após cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica. Os pacientes do grupo FloTrac® receberam mais volume e ficaram em média cinco horas a menos em suporte ventilatório, ambos desfechos estatisticamente significativos. Estudo com alto risco de viés e certeza da evidência avaliada como muito baixa. AVALIAÇÃO ECONÔMICA (AE): O demandante optou por descartar as diferenças observadas no ensaio clínico e considerar as tecnologias com igual eficácia, adotando um modelo econômico de custo-minimização. O preço do FloTrac® foi ofertado de forma a ser equivalente ao preço do cateter de artéria pulmonar em compras públicas recentes. A busca no Banco de Preços em Saúde foi atualizada pelo parecerista e observou-se que o preço proposto (R$ 1.200,00) está acima do valor SIGTAP (R$ 518,70) e da mediana de preços das compras públicas realizadas nos últimos 18 meses (R$ 358,50 a R$ 380,00 dependendo do tamanho do cateter). ANÁLISE DE IMPACTO ORÇAMENTÁRIO (AIO): A avaliação do impacto orçamentário foi realizada por demanda aferida e considerou apenas o custo de aquisição dos cateteres. O demandante considerou o mesmo preço para as tecnologias e consequentemente impacto orçamentário zero. O impacto foi recalculado com base na mediana e média ponderada dos preços atualizados no BPS em relação ao preço ofertado sendo constatado um impacto incremental em torno de 22,5 a 33,7 milhões de reais em cinco anos. RECOMENDAÇÕES DE AGÊNCIAS DE ATS: CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: A monitorização minimamente invasiva é uma opção à monitorização invasiva com potencial, porém não comprovado, de redução de risco de complicações como infecção associada ao cateter e pneumotórax. Um único ensaio clínico, com muita baixa confiabilidade demonstrou superioridade do FloTrac® em relação ao cateter de artéria pulmonar com redução de cinco horas no tempo médio de ventilação assistida. O demandante optou por considerar eficácia semelhante e ofertar o FloTrac® com preço igual à mediana de preço de compras no BPS do cateter de artéria pulmonar, ou seja, sem custos incrementais ao SUS. Porém, os valores atualizados no BPS são inferiores aos valores apresentados. RECOMENDAÇÃO PRELIMINAR DA CONITEC: Pelo exposto, o Plenário da Conitec, em sua 114ª Reunião Ordinária, no dia 09 de novembro de 2022, deliberou por unanimidade que a matéria fosse disponibilizada em Consulta Pública com recomendação preliminar desfavorável à incorporação do FloTrac®, sistema para monitorização do débito cardíaco minimamente invasivo em cirurgias de grande porte e de alto risco. Os membros da Conitec consideraram que o preço da tecnologia é superior ao preço do cateter de artéria pulmonar hoje disponibilizado no SUS, o que é divergente da proposta apresentada pelo demandante de igualdade de preços e impacto orçamental nulo. Após revisão das compras realizadas nos últimos 18 meses, o preço proposto do FloTrac® (R$ 1.200,00), em relação ao preço do cateter de artéria pulmonar, encontra-se significativamente superior ao valor SIGTAP (R$ 518,70), média ponderada (R$ 380 a R$ 651,34 cateteres 7,0/7,5 french) ou mediana de preços (R$ 358,50 a R$ 380,00 cateteres 7,0/7,5 french) e que por isso causaria um impacto orçamentário incremental sem comprovação de benefícios clínicos ou de segurança que justificassem o investimento. CONSULTA PÚBLICA: Foram recebidas 7 contribuições, sendo todas de experiência e opinião. Diante das argumentações apresentadas, o plenário da Conitec entendeu que não houve argumentação suficiente para mudança de entendimento acerca de sua recomendação preliminar, com base em evidência científica frágil. Desse modo, a Comissão, diante das incertezas quanto ao real benefício do dispositivo, manteve a posição desfavorável à incorporação do sensor pré-calibrado para monitorização hemodinâmica contínua do débito cardíaco e da pressão intravascular, sistema FloTrac. RECOMENDAÇÃO FINAL DA CONITEC: Diante do exposto, os membros presentes do Comitê de Produtos e Procedimentos da Conitec, em sua 116ª Reunião Ordinária, realizada no dia 15 de março de 2023, deliberaram, por unanimidade, recomendar a não incorporação, no SUS, sensor pré-calibrado para monitorização de pressão intravascular e minimamente invasiva do débito cardíaco, FloTrac®, para cirurgias de grande porte e de alto risco. Para essa recomendação, a Conitec considerou que a consulta pública não trouxe elementos novos que alterassem a recomendação preliminar. Foi assinado o registro de deliberação nº 801/2023. DECISÃO: Não incorporar, no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS, o sensor pré-calibrado para monitorização de pressão intravascular e minimamente invasiva do débito cardíaco, FloTrac®, para cirurgias de grande porte e de alto risco, publicada no Diário Oficial da União nº 74, seção 1, página 195, em 18 de abril de 2023.

Eficacia y seguridad de la torre de laparoscopia con monitor de grado médico con tecnología 4K Ultra High Definition en pacientes candidatos a cirugía mayor de alta complejidad mediante laparoscopia / Efficacy and safety of the laparoscopy tower with a medical grade monitor with 4K Ultra High Definition technology in patients candidates for highly complex major surgery using laparoscopy

ANTECEDENTES: En el marco de la metodología ad hoc para evaluar solicitudes de tecnologías sanitarias, aprobada mediante Resolución de Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación N° 111-IETSI-ESSALUD-2021 y ampliada mediante Resolución de Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación N° 97-IETSI-ESSALUD2022, se ha elaborado el presente dictamen preliminar, el cual expone la evaluación de la eficacia y seguridad de la torre de laparoscopia con monitor de grado médico con tecnología 4K Ultra High Definition (UHD) comparado con la torre de laparoscopia con monitor de grado médico con tecnología High Definition (HD) en pacientes candidatos a cirugía mayor de alta complejidad mediante laparoscopia. De este modo, el Dr. Mario Enrique Pescoran Almeyda, jefe del Servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital Nacional Alberto Sabogal Sologuren (HNASS), siguiendo la Directiva N° 001-IETSI-ESSALUD2018, envía al Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación - IETSI la solicitud de inclusión de la torre de laparoscopia de uso continuo en el petitorio de Dispositivos Médicos de EsSalud. ASPECTOS GENERALES: La cirugía laparoscópica es una de las técnicas mínimamente invasivas más utilizada en los últimos años (Carr et al., 2019). Inicialmente, la laparoscopia se utilizó como una herramienta diagnóstica para diversas patologías, sin embargo, esta técnica se adoptó como un procedimiento quirúrgico desde los principios de la década de 1980 (Buia et al., 2015; Kelley Jr, 2008). Desde su inclusión como técnica quirúrgica, ha sido considerada como el estándar de oro para procedimientos quirúrgicos realizados en diversos sistemas de órganos como el aparto reproductivo (principalmente, ginecológico) y digestivo (colecis.dectomía y apendicetomía), y una serie de cirugías que, tradicionalmente, se abordaban con una técnica abierta (Bennett et al., 2011; Johnson & Walsh, 2009; Richardson et al., 2000). La cirugía laparoscópica tiene un efecto positivo en los desenlaces de los pacientes en comparación con la laparotomía (Carr et al., 2019). Estos desenlaces están relacionados con la disminución de la infección del sitio operatorio, disminución de la pérdida de sangre, reducción del dolor posoperatorio, mejora de la utilización de la cama hospitalaria, mejora estética y una recuperación rápida luego de la cirugía (Murphy et al., 1992; Nguyen et al., 2001). METODOLOGÍA: Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda bibliográfica amplia y exhaustiva con el objetivo de identificar la mejor evidencia disponible sobre la eficacia y seguridad de la torre de laparoscopia con monitor de grado médico con tecnología 4K Ultra High Definition en pacientes candidatos a cirugía mayor de alta complejidad mediante laparoscopia. La búsqueda bibliográfica se realizó en las bases de datos bibliográficas PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science y LILACS (Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud). Asimismo, se realizó una búsqueda dentro de la información generada en las páginas web de grupos o instituciones que realizan revisiones sistemáticas (RS), evaluación de tecnologías sanitarias (ETS) y guías de práctica clínica (GPC), tales como: el National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), la Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH), el Scottish Medicines Consortium (SMC), la Haute Authorité de Santé (HAS), el Institute for Quality and Efficiency in HealthCare (IQWiG), el Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER) y en la Base Regional de Informes de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud de las Américas (BRISA), y en las principales instituciones o sociedades especializadas en cirugía laparoscópica: la Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons, la International Endohernia Society (IEHS), la European Association for Endoscopic Surgery (EAES), y la Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum (JSCCR). Además, se llevó a cabo una búsqueda manual en el motor de búsqueda Google utilizando los términos: "((laparoscop* OR celioscop* OR coelioscop* OR abdominoscop* OR peritoneoscop*) AND (Practice Guideline OR Guideline* OR Guide Line*))"; revisando en las diez primeras páginas de resultados, a fin de poder identificar otras publicaciones de relevancia que pudiesen haber sido no identificadas durante la búsqueda en las bases de datos bibliográficas consideradas. Finalmente, se realizó una búsqueda manual en ClinicalTrials.gov para identificar ensayos clínicos aleatorizados (ECA) en curso o que no hayan sido publicados aún. RESULTA DOS': Luego de la búsqueda bibliográfica hasta el 2022 y la selección de evidencia, se identificaron: tres estudios observacionales (Mari et al.. 2020; Ahn et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2022), los cuales fueron considerados para su inclusión en el presente documento. CONCLUSIÓN: Por lo expuesto, el Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e InvestigaciónIETSI no aprueba el uso de la torre de laparoscopia con monitor de grado médico con tecnología 4K UHD en pacientes candidatos a cirugía mayor de alta complejidad mediante laparoscopia. Se recomienda a los especialistas que, en caso de identificar nueva evidencia que responda a la población de la PICO de interés, envíen sus propuestas para ser evaluadas en el marco de la Directiva N° 001-IETSI-ESSALUD-2018.

General surgeon involvement in the care of patients designated with an American Association for the Surgery of Trauma-endorsed ICD-10-CM emergency general surgery diagnosis code in Wisconsin.

BACKGROUND: The current national burden of emergency general surgery (EGS) illnesses and the extent of surgeon involvement in the care of these patients remain largely unknown. To inform needs assessments, research, and education, we sought to: (1) translate previously developed International Classification of Diseases (ICD), 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) diagnosis codes representing EGS conditions to ICD 10th Revision, CM (ICD-10-CM) codes and (2) determine the national burden of and assess surgeon involvement across EGS conditions. METHODS: We converted ICD-9-CM codes to candidate ICD-10-CM codes using General Equivalence Mappings then iteratively refined the code list. We used National Inpatient Sample 2016 to 2017 data to develop a national estimate of the burden of EGS disease. To evaluate surgeon involvement, using Wisconsin Hospital Association discharge data (January 1, 2016 to June 30, 2018), we selected adult urgent/emergent encounters with an EGS condition as the principal diagnosis. Surgeon involvement was defined as a surgeon being either the attending provider or procedural physician. RESULTS: Four hundred and eighty-five ICD-9-CM codes mapped to 1,696 ICD-10-CM codes. The final list contained 985 ICD-10-CM codes. Nationally, there were 2,977,843 adult patient encounters with an ICD-10-CM EGS diagnosis. Of 94,903 EGS patients in the Wisconsin Hospital Association data set, most encounters were inpatient as compared with observation (75,878 [80.0%] vs. 19,025 [20.0%]). There were 57,780 patients (60.9%) that underwent any procedure. Among all Wisconsin EGS patients, most had no surgeon involvement (64.9% [n = 61,616]). Of the seven most common EGS diagnoses, surgeon involvement was highest for appendicitis (96.0%) and biliary tract disease (77.1%). For the other five most common conditions (skin/soft tissue infections, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, intestinal obstruction/ileus, pancreatitis, diverticular disease), surgeons were involved in roughly 20% of patient care episodes. CONCLUSION: Surgeon involvement for EGS conditions ranges from highly likely (appendicitis) to relatively unlikely (skin/soft tissue infections). The wide range in surgeon involvement underscores the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration in the care of EGS patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic/epidemiological, Level III.

BJS commission on surgery and perioperative care post-COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the WHO on 11 March 2020 and global surgical practice was compromised. This Commission aimed to document and reflect on the changes seen in the surgical environment during the pandemic, by reviewing colleagues' experiences and published evidence. METHODS: In late 2020, BJS contacted colleagues across the global surgical community and asked them to describe how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had affected their practice. In addition to this, the Commission undertook a literature review on the impact of COVID-19 on surgery and perioperative care. A thematic analysis was performed to identify the issues most frequently encountered by the correspondents, as well as the solutions and ideas suggested to address them. RESULTS: BJS received communications for this Commission from leading clinicians and academics across a variety of surgical specialties in every inhabited continent. The responses from all over the world provided insights into multiple facets of surgical practice from a governmental level to individual clinical practice and training. CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic has uncovered a variety of problems in healthcare systems, including negative impacts on surgical practice. Global surgical multidisciplinary teams are working collaboratively to address research questions about the future of surgery in the post-COVID-19 era. The COVID-19 pandemic is severely damaging surgical training. The establishment of a multidisciplinary ethics committee should be encouraged at all surgical oncology centres. Innovative leadership and collaboration is vital in the post-COVID-19 era.

Clinical assessment of the results of one-stage circular incision techniques for limb ring constriction due to amniotic band syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Amniotic band syndrome (ABS) is a congenital malformation that results in abnormalities in many parts of the body. Most surgical treatments for ABS used multi-stage Z-plasties. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical results of one-stage circular incision techniques for limb ring constriction due to amniotic band syndrome. METHODS: We reviewed 27 patients with limb ring constriction in ABS from 2010 to 2020. The mean ages of the patients were 11.7 months (range, 0-72 months). The complete circular incision release the ABS. All patients' operations were used one-stage circular incision surgical techniques, including patients with multiple bands. All the patients were followed up with a period ranges from 2 years to 10 years. Patient-reported visual analog scale (VAS) scar ranking on a scale of 0 (minimum satisfaction) to 10 (maximum satisfaction) were used to evaluate esthetic outcomes. RESULTS: After our surgery, all the limbs, toes, and fingers were rescued, and the lymphedema reduced remarkably. The VAS scores (mean ±â€ŠSD) for patient satisfaction were 7.55 ±â€Š1.89. The surgical treatment of amniotic band syndrome in a one-stage circular incision is safe and effective. CONCLUSION: The one-stage circular incision surgical techniques have many advantages, including reduced surgical invasiveness, scar formation, and the cost of treatment. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV-retrospective case series.

The current management of alveolar soft part sarcomas.

OBJECTIVE: Alveolar soft part sarcomas (ASPS) which has high potential ability of metastasis, is a rare and slowly growing malignant tumor, and mainly primary localized in limbs. To date, little is known about the best treatment of ASPS. This study aims to review the current management and advance of ASPS. METHODS: WANFANG MED ONLINE, CNKI, and NCBI PUBMED were used to search literature spanning from 1963 to 2020, and all cases of ASPS about "ASPS, diagnosis, treatment, surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, target therapy or immune therapy" with detailed data were included. RESULTS: Complete surgical resection remained the standard management strategy, radiotherapy was reported to be used for the patients of micro- or macroscopical incomplete residue or the surgical margin was questionable. Chemotherapy was controversial. Some target drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors had produced antitumor activity. CONCLUSION: Complete surgical resection is the cure treatment for ASPS, and adjuvant chemotherapy is not recommended excepted clinical trials. For the patients with micro- or macroscopical incomplete residue, radiotherapy should be appreciated. Furthermore, for recurrence, distant metastasis, and refractory of ASPS, combination therapy, especially combination with multiple target agents and/or immune checkpoint inhibitors may prolong survival time.

Preoperative Management of Endocrine, Hormonal, and Urologic Medications: Society for Perioperative Assessment and Quality Improvement (SPAQI) Consensus Statement.

Perioperative medical management is challenging due to the rising complexity of patients presenting for surgical procedures. A key part of preoperative optimization is appropriate management of long-term medications, yet guidelines and consensus statements for perioperative medication management are lacking. Available resources utilize the recommendations derived from individual studies and do not include a multidisciplinary focus or formal consensus. The Society for Perioperative Assessment and Quality Improvement (SPAQI) identified a lack of authoritative clinical guidance as an opportunity to utilize its multidisciplinary membership to improve evidence-based perioperative care. SPAQI seeks to provide guidance on perioperative medication management that synthesizes available literature with expert consensus. The aim of this Consensus Statement is to provide practical guidance on the preoperative management of endocrine, hormonal, and urologic medications. A panel of experts with anesthesiology, perioperative medicine, hospital medicine, general internal medicine, and medical specialty experience was drawn together and identified the common medications in each of these categories. The authors then utilized a modified Delphi approach to critically review the literature and generate consensus recommendations.

The provision of a time-critical elective surgical service during the COVID-19 Crisis: a UK experience.

INTRODUCTION: With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, all elective surgery was temporarily suspended in the UK, allowing for diversion of resource to manage the anticipated surge of critically unwell patients. Continuing to deliver time-critical surgical care is important to avoid excess morbidity and mortality from pathologies unrelated to COVID-19. We describe the implementation and short-term surgical outcomes from a system to deliver time-critical elective surgical care to patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A protocol for the prioritisation and safe delivery of time-critical surgery at a COVID-19 'clean' site was implemented at the Nuffield Health Exeter Hospital, an independent sector hospital in the southwest of England. Outcomes to 30 days postoperatively were recorded, including unplanned admissions after daycase surgery, readmissions and complications, as well as the incidence of perioperative COVID-19 infection in patients and staff. RESULTS: A total of 128 surgical procedures were performed during a 31-day period by a range of specialties including breast, plastics, urology, gynaecology, vascular and cardiology. There was one unplanned admission and and two readmissions. Six complications were identified, and all were Clavien-Dindo grade 1 or 2. All 128 patients had preoperative COVID-19 swabs, one of which was positive and the patient had their surgery delayed. Ten patients were tested for COVID-19 postoperatively, with none testing positive. CONCLUSION: This study has demonstrated the implementation of a safe system for delivery of time-critical elective surgical care at a COVID-19 clean site. Other healthcare providers may benefit from implementation of similar methodology as hospitals plan to restart elective surgery.

Expanding post-operative follow-up in rural Sierra Leone: A community-based protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Humanitarian surgeries are performed in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to help address untreated surgical disease. Post-operative follow-up is challenging but crucial to monitor recovery, detect complications, and assess outcomes. Establishing a comprehensive protocol in partnership with local healthcare personnel may improve patient adherence. METHODS: A retrospective review of missions from 2011 to 2019 to Sierra Leone by the International Surgical Health Initiative (ISHI). In 2017, a protocol was established with the following key elements: patient education, community leader recruitment, and logistical support. Patient demographics and follow-up rates were compared between groups. RESULTS: In total, 396 patients underwent operations from 2011 to 2019. Most patients were male (84%), mean age 40 ± 14 years, and primarily underwent hernia repair (68%). Initially, follow-up rates of 205 patients were <5%; after protocol implementation, follow-up rates among 128 patients who received operations increased to 96-97%. CONCLUSIONS: A community-based follow-up protocol in Sierra Leone yielded high patient adherence. The protocol emphasizes context-appropriate patient education and community engagement. Protocols are feasible and generalizable to patients cared for by international and hosting surgical teams.

Effects of COVID-19 pandemic on general surgical emergencies: are some emergencies really urgent? Level 1 trauma center experience.

PURPOSE: The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on general surgical emergencies as well as analyzing the effectiveness of measures taken in reducing the incidence of COVID-19 in patients and healthcare professionals. METHODS: Patients who underwent emergency surgery between the pandemic period of March 14th to May 15th 2020 and within the same period from the previous year were reviewed retrospectively. COVID-19 incidence in patients and health professionals working in the general surgery department during these periods was questioned. RESULTS: Demographic data were similar between the two time periods. The number of patients who underwent surgery in the pandemic group (n = 103) was lower than the control group (n = 252). There was a 59.1% reduction in emergency surgeries. The biggest decreases were the admissions of incarcerated hernia, uncomplicated appendicitis and acute cholecystitis (92%, 81.3%, 47.3%, respectively). During the pandemic, an increase was of patient rates who underwent surgery for complicated appendicitis and AMIO (p = 0.001, p = 0.019, respectively). The rate of mortality was higher in patients who underwent emergency surgery during pandemic (p = 0.049). The results of COVID-19 screening were positive in 6 (6/103, 5.82%) patients undergoing emergency surgery. None of the doctors working in the ward were infected with COVID-19 infection (0/20). The screening tests were positive in only two nurses working on the ward (2/24, 8.33%). CONCLUSION: In this and similar pandemics, we suggest that a new algorithm is necessary to approach emergencies and the results of this study can contribute to that end.

Pharmacokinetics and Optimal Dose Selection of Cefazolin for Surgical Prophylaxis of Pediatric Patients.

Cefazolin is an antibiotic frequently used for perioperative prophylaxis. Data from healthy adults and pediatric surgery patients were pooled to refine a previously developed population pharmacokinetic (PK) model and to determine the optimal body weight cutoff for selecting fixed doses of either 1 or 2 g cefazolin to produce exposures in pediatric surgery patients similar to a single 2-g dose in adults. Regardless of dose used, cefazolin was well tolerated in pediatric patients. A total of 1102 plasma samples from 62 patients from 3 studies were available to assess the previous model. The pooled data set allowed for simplification of the model such that allometrically scaled clearance and volume parameters were found to provide a robust fit while removing unnecessary covariate relationships. Monte Carlo simulations using the final cefazolin population PK model suggested an optimal weight cutoff of 50 kg, in contrast to the previously suggested 60 kg for a single 2-g dose. Patients at or above this 50-kg cutoff would receive a 2-g dose of cefazolin, and those below 50 kg but ≥25 kg would receive a 1-g dose of cefazolin.

Desarrollo de la anestesia en Oftalmología / Development of anesthesia in Ophthalmology

RESUMEN Para el ser humano la información suministrada por sus ojos resulta esencial en su interacción con el entorno. Por esta razón todos consideramos la vista como nuestro sentido más valioso. Es fácil comprender, por tanto, que cualquier individuo sometido a una operación oftalmológica desarrollará un alto grado de ansiedad; de ahí la importancia de su cooperación para evitar las complicaciones quirúrgicas, donde en muchas ocasiones la cirugía se realiza con anestesia local. Es por eso que evitar el dolor y abolir los movimientos oculares va a ser un paso previo fundamental en la cirugía. Con el advenimiento del desarrollo tecnológico aplicado a la Oftalmología, nuevos procedimientos quirúrgicos persiguen una recuperación visual y social temprana de los pacientes. Dentro de ellos la cirugía de catarata por facoemulsificación exige métodos anestésicos que permitan lograr este propósito, y en la actualidad ya podemos mencionar la anestesia tópica y la crioanalgesia como avances en este sentido, las cuales se aplican en el Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer". Se realizó una búsqueda de diversos artículos publicados en la plataforma de PubMed, con el objetivo de conocer el desarrollo y las características de los anestésicos aplicados en la cirugía de catarata(AU)

ABSTRACT The information obtained by human beings through their eyes is essential for their interaction with the environment. This is the reason why we all consider our sight as our most valuable sense. It is thus easy to understand that any individual undergoing eye surgery will develop a high degree of anxiety. Hence the importance of their cooperation to prevent surgical complications, since on many occasions surgery is performed with local anesthesia. Preventing pain and stopping eye movement are therefore a crucial previous step in surgery. With the application of technological development to ophthalmology, new surgical procedures have emerged aimed at the patients' visual recovery and early social reincorporation. One of those procedures is phacoemulsification cataract surgery, which requires anesthetic methods that make it possible to achieve such an end. Examples of advances in this field are topical anesthesia and cryoanalgesia, both of which are applied at Ramón Pando Ferrer Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology. A search was conducted for papers published on the PubMed platform with the purpose of becoming acquainted with the development and characteristics of the anesthetics used in cataract surgery(AU)

Patients' Perceptions on Surgical Care Suspension for Pelvic Floor Disorders During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of the study was to evaluate patients' attitudes toward the postponement of their scheduled procedures for pelvic floor disorders (PFD) because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Secondary objectives were to identify patients who were upset with the postponement of their PFD procedures and to identify factors that are associated with being upset because of the delay in care. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, survey-based study of women from a single urban, academic practice using a novel questionnaire. The study cohort included women whose PFD surgeries or office procedures were postponed between March 17 and April 30, 2020. RESULTS: Ninety-eight women had surgeries postponed; 68 (70%) responded to our questionnaire. Nearly half of the respondents (32/68, 47.1%) were upset about their procedures being postponed. Upset patients reported a greater impact of PFD symptoms on their mood than those who were not upset (P=0.002). Those who were upset were also more likely to report feelings of isolation (P=0.006), fear that their PFD would worsen because of delayed care (P < 0.001), and anxiety over surgery postponement (P < 0.001) than those who were not upset about the delays. When controlling for anxiety, social isolation, and impact of PFD symptom, anxiety (adjusted odds ratio = 15.7; 95% confidence interval = 3.7-66.6) and feeling of isolation (adjusted odds ratio = 9.7; 95% confidence interval = 1.5-63.7) remained associated with increased odds of being upset because of procedure delays. CONCLUSIONS: Half of women whose pelvic reconstructive procedures were postponed because of the COVID-19 pandemic were upset because of the delay in care, especially those who are emotionally and socially vulnerable during the COVID-19 pandemic.