RESUMO
Abstract Background From 1990 to 2015, mortality from aortic aneurysms increased 16.8% in Brazil. São Paulo is the largest city in Brazil and about 5 million people depend on the public health system there. Objectives To conduct an epidemiological analysis of abdominal aortic aneurysm surgeries in the city of São Paulo. Methods Infra-renal aortic aneurysm procedures performed over a decade (from 2008 to 2017) were studied using publicly-available platforms from the Unified Health System and DATASUS. Results 2693 procedures were analyzed; 66.73% were endovascular; 78.7% of patients were male; 70.7% were aged 65 years or more; 64.02% were elective hospital admissions. There were 288 in-hospital deaths (mortality: 10.69%). In-hospital mortality was lower for endovascular surgery than for open surgery; both for elective (4.13% versus 14.42%) and urgent (9.73% versus 27.94%) (p = 0.019) admissions. The highest volume hospital (n = 635) had the lowest in-hospital mortality (3.31%). USD 24,835,604.84 was paid; an average of $ 2,318.63 for elective open, $ 3,420.10 for emergency open, $ 12,157.35 for elective endovascular and $ 12,969.12 for urgent endovascular procedures. Endovascular procedure costs were statistically higher than the values paid for open surgeries (p <0.001). Conclusions Endovascular surgeries were performed twice as often as open surgeries; they had shorter hospital stays and lower mortality.
Resumo Contexto No Brasil, a mortalidade por aneurisma de aorta aumentou 16,8% de 1990 a 2015. São Paulo é a maior cidade do Brasil, e cerca de 5 milhões de pessoas dependem do sistema público de saúde. Objetivos Análise epidemiológica das cirurgias do aneurisma de aorta abdominal na cidade de São Paulo. Métodos As cirurgias para correção do aneurisma de aorta infrarrenal realizadas no período de uma década (de 2008 a 2017) foram estudadas utilizando-se plataformas publicamente disponíveis do Sistema Único de Saúde e do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde. Resultados Foram analisados 2.693 procedimentos, entre os quais 66,73% eram endovasculares. Entre os pacientes, houve predominância do sexo masculino (78,7%) e daqueles com 65 anos ou mais (70,7%). Um total de 64,02% eram admissões hospitalares eletivas. Ocorreram 288 óbitos hospitalares (mortalidade: 10,69%). A mortalidade durante a internação foi menor para cirurgia endovascular do que para cirurgia aberta tanto no contexto eletivo (4,13% versus 14,42%) quanto urgente (9,73% versus 27,94%) (p = 0,019). O maior volume (n = 635) apresentou menor mortalidade intra-hospitalar (3,31%). Foi pago um total de $24.835.604,84, sendo uma média de $2.318,63 para cirurgia abertura eletiva, $3.420,10 para cirurgia abertura de emergência, $12.157,35 para cirurgia endovascular eletiva e $12.969,12 para cirurgia endovascular na urgência. Os custos dos procedimentos endovasculares foram estatisticamente superiores aos valores pagos para as cirurgias abertas (p < 0,001). Conclusões Foram realizadas duas vezes mais cirurgias endovasculares do que abertas, as quais apresentaram menor tempo de internação e menor mortalidade.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/estatística & dados numéricos , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/métodos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/mortalidade , Sistema Único de Saúde , Brasil , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Custos e Análise de Custo , Tempo de InternaçãoAssuntos
Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/cirurgia , Ruptura Aórtica/prevenção & controle , COVID-19 , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/diagnóstico por imagem , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/mortalidade , Ruptura Aórtica/etiologia , Ruptura Aórtica/mortalidade , Tomada de Decisão Clínica , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Eletivos , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Avaliação das Necessidades , Segurança do Paciente , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/mortalidadeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Accurate and contemporary prognostic risk prediction is essential to inform clinical decision-making surrounding abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) care. Therefore, we validated and compared three different in-hospital mortality risk scores in one administrative and two quality improvement registries. METHODS: We included patients who had undergone elective AAA repair from 2012 to 2015 in the National Inpatient Sample (NIS), Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI; excluding the New England region), and the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) datasets to validate three risk scores: Medicare, the Vascular Study Group of New England (VSGNE), and Glasgow Aneurysm Score (GAS). The receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (AUC) of all risk scores was calculated, and their discrimination was compared within a dataset using the Delong test and between datasets using a Z test. We constructed graphic calibration curves for the Medicare and VSGNE risk scores and compared the calibration using an integrated calibration index, which indicates the weighted average of the absolute difference between the calibration curve and the diagonal line of perfect calibration. RESULTS: We identified a total of 25,461 NIS, 18,588 VQI, and 8051 NSQIP patients who had undergone elective open or endovascular AAA repair. Overall, the Medicare risk score was more likely to overestimate mortality in the quality improvement registries and the VSGNE risk score underestimated mortality in all the databases. After endovascular AAA repair, the Medicare risk score had a higher AUC in the NIS than in the GAS (P < .001) but not compared with the VSGNE risk score (P = .54). The VSGNE risk score was associated with a significantly higher receiver operating characteristic AUC compared with the Medicare (P < .001) and GAS (P < .001) risk scores in the VQI registry. Also, the VSGNE risk score showed improved calibration compared with the Medicare risk score across all three databases (P < .001 for all). After open repair, the Medicare risk score showed improved calibration compared with the VSGNE risk score in the NIS (P < .001). However, in the VQI registry, the VSGNE risk score compared with the Medicare risk score had significantly better discrimination (P = .008) and calibration (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the VSGNE risk score performed best in the quality improvement registries but underestimated mortality. However, the Medicare risk score demonstrated better calibration in the administrative dataset after open repair. Although the VSGNE risk score appeared to perform better in the quality improvement registries, its overly optimistic mortality estimates and its reliance on detailed anatomic and clinical variables reduces its broader applicability to other databases.
Assuntos
Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/cirurgia , Técnicas de Apoio para a Decisão , Procedimentos Endovasculares/mortalidade , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/mortalidade , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/mortalidade , Demandas Administrativas em Assistência à Saúde , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/diagnóstico , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/mortalidade , Bases de Dados Factuais , Procedimentos Endovasculares/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Medicare , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Melhoria de Qualidade , Indicadores de Qualidade em Assistência à Saúde , Sistema de Registros , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Estados Unidos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/efeitos adversosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Traumatic popliteal artery injuries are associated with the greatest risk of limb loss of all peripheral vascular injuries, with amputation rates of 10% to 15%. The purpose of the present study was to examine the outcomes of patients who had undergone operative repair for traumatic popliteal arterial injuries and identify the factors independently associated with limb loss. METHODS: A multi-institutional retrospective review of all patients with traumatic popliteal artery injuries from 2007 to 2018 was performed. All the patients who had undergone operative repair of popliteal arterial injuries were included in the present analysis. The patients who had required a major lower extremity amputation (transtibial or transfemoral) were compared with those with successful limb salvage at the last follow-up. The significant predictors (P < .05) for amputation on univariate analysis were included in a multivariable analysis. RESULTS: A total of 302 patients from 11 institutions were included in the present analysis. The median age was 32 years (interquartile range, 21-40 years), and 79% were men. The median follow-up was 72 days (interquartile range, 20-366 days). The overall major amputation rate was 13%. Primary repair had been performed in 17% of patients, patch repair in 2%, and interposition or bypass in 81%. One patient had undergone endovascular repair with stenting. The overall 1-year primary patency was 89%. Of the patients who had lost primary patency, 46% ultimately required major amputation. Early loss (within 30 days postoperatively) of primary patency was five times more frequent for the patients who had subsequently required amputation. On multivariate regression, the significant perioperative factors independently associated with major amputation included the initial POPSAVEIT (popliteal scoring assessment for vascular extremity injury in trauma) score, loss of primary patency, absence of detectable immediate postoperative pedal Doppler signals, and lack of postoperative antiplatelet therapy. Concomitant popliteal vein injury, popliteal injury location (P1, P2, P3), injury severity score, and tibial vs popliteal distal bypass target were not independently associated with amputation. CONCLUSIONS: Traumatic popliteal artery injuries are associated with a significant rate of major amputation. The preoperative POPSAVEIT score remained independently associated with amputation after including the perioperative factors. The lack of postoperative pedal Doppler signals and loss of primary patency were highly associated with major amputation. The use of postoperative antiplatelet therapy was inversely associated with amputation, perhaps indicating a protective effect.
Assuntos
Técnicas de Apoio para a Decisão , Artéria Poplítea/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares , Lesões do Sistema Vascular/cirurgia , Adulto , Amputação Cirúrgica , Pressão Arterial , Feminino , Humanos , Escala de Gravidade do Ferimento , Salvamento de Membro , Masculino , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/uso terapêutico , Artéria Poplítea/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Poplítea/lesões , Artéria Poplítea/fisiopatologia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Ultrassonografia Doppler , Estados Unidos , Grau de Desobstrução Vascular , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/mortalidade , Lesões do Sistema Vascular/diagnóstico por imagem , Lesões do Sistema Vascular/mortalidade , Lesões do Sistema Vascular/fisiopatologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Vascular surgery patients are highly complex, second only to patients undergoing cardiac procedures. However, unlike cardiac surgery, work relative value units (wRVU) for vascular surgery were undervalued based on an overall patient complexity score. This study assesses the correlation of patient complexity with wRVUs for the most commonly performed inpatient vascular surgery procedures. METHODS: The 2014 to 2017 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Participant Use Data Files were queried for inpatient cases performed by vascular surgeons. A previously developed patient complexity score using perioperative domains was calculated based on patient age, American Society of Anesthesiologists class of ≥4, major comorbidities, emergent status, concurrent procedures, additional procedures, hospital length of stay, nonhome discharge, and 30-day major complications, readmissions, and mortality. Procedures were assigned points based on their relative rank and then an overall score was created by summing the total points. An observed to expected ratio (O/E) was calculated using open ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (rOAAA) as the referent and then applied to an adjusted median wRVU per operative minute. RESULTS: Among 164,370 cases, patient complexity was greatest for rOAAA (complexity score = 128) and the least for carotid endarterectomy (CEA) (complexity score = 29). Patients undergoing rOAAA repair had the greatest proportion of American Society of Anesthesiologists class of ≥IV (84.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 82.6%-86.8%), highest mortality (35.5%; 95% CI, 32.8%-38.3%), and major complication rate (87.1%; 95% CI, 85.1%-89.0%). Patients undergoing CEA had the lowest mortality (0.7%; 95% CI, 0.7%-0.8%), major complication rate (8.2%; 95% 95% CI, 8.0%-8.5%), and shortest length of stay (2.7 days; 95% CI, 2.7-2.7). The median wRVU ranged from 10.0 to 42.1 and only weakly correlated with overall complexity (Spearman's ρ = 0.11; P < .01). The median wRVU per operative minute was greatest for thoracic endovascular aortic repair (0.25) and lowest for both axillary-femoral artery bypass (0.12) and open femoral endarterectomy, thromboembolectomy, or reconstruction (0.12). After adjusting for patient complexity, CEA (O/E = 3.8) and transcarotid artery revascularization (O/E = 2.8) had greater than expected O/E. In contrast, lower extremity bypass (O/E = 0.77), lower extremity embolectomy (O/E = 0.79), and open abdominal aortic repair (O/E = 0.80) had a lower than expected O/E. CONCLUSIONS: Patient complexity varies substantially across vascular procedures and is not captured effectively by wRVUs. Increased operative time for open procedures is not adequately accounted for by wRVUs, which may unfairly penalize surgeons who perform complex open operations.
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Custos de Cuidados de Saúde , Escalas de Valor Relativo , Doenças Vasculares/economia , Doenças Vasculares/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/economia , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Comorbidade , Bases de Dados Factuais , Feminino , Humanos , Pacientes Internados , Tempo de Internação/economia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Alta do Paciente/economia , Readmissão do Paciente/economia , Sistema de Registros , Reembolso de Incentivo/economia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Estados Unidos , Doenças Vasculares/diagnóstico , Doenças Vasculares/mortalidade , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/mortalidade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: With the aging U.S. population, peripheral vascular procedures will become increasingly common. The objective of this study is to characterize the factors associated with increased total costs after peripheral bypass surgery. METHODS: Data for 34,819 patients undergoing peripheral bypass surgery in NY State were extracted using the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS) database for years 2009-2017. Patient demographics, All Patient Refined Diagnostic Related Groups (APR) severity score, mortality risk, hospital volume, and length of stay data were collected. Primary outcomes were total costs and length of stay. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: 28.1% of peripheral bypass surgeries were performed in New York City. 7.9% of patients had extreme APR severity of illness whereas 32.0% had major APR severity of illness. 6.3% of patients had extreme risk of mortality and 1 in every 5 patients (20%) had major risk of mortality. 24.9% of patients were discharged to a facility. The mean length of stay (LOS) was 9.9 days. Patient LOS of 6-11 days was associated with +$2,791.76 total costs. Mean LOS of ≥ 12 days was associated with + $27,194.88 total costs. Multivariate analysis revealed risk factors associated with an admission listed in the fourth quartile of total costs (≥$36,694.44) for peripheral bypass surgery included NYC location (2.82, CI 2.62-3.04), emergency surgery (1.12, CI 1.03-1.22), extreme APR 2.08, 1.78-2.43, extreme risk of mortality (2.73, 2.34-3.19), emergency room visit (1.68, 1.57-1.81), discharge to a facility (1.27, CI 1.15-1.41), and LOS in the third or fourth quartile (11.09, 9.87-12.46). CONCLUSION: The cost of peripheral bypass surgery in New York State is influenced by a variety of factors including LOS, patient comorbidity and disease severity, an ER admission, and discharge to a facility.
Assuntos
Custos Hospitalares , Doença Arterial Periférica/economia , Doença Arterial Periférica/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/economia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Comorbidade , Bases de Dados Factuais , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/economia , Feminino , Humanos , Pacientes Internados , Tempo de Internação/economia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , New York , Alta do Paciente/economia , Doença Arterial Periférica/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença Arterial Periférica/mortalidade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/mortalidade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA) is a federal law established in 1986 to ensure that patients who present to an emergency department receive medical care regardless of means. Violations are reported to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and can result in significant financial penalties. Our objective was to assess all available EMTALA violations for vascular-related issues. METHODS: EMTALA violations in the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services publicly available hospital violations database from 2011 to 2018 were evaluated for vascular-related issues. Details recorded were case type, hospital type, hospital region, reasons for violation, disposition, and mortality. RESULTS: There were 7001 patients identified with any EMTALA violation and 98 (1.4%) were deemed vascular related. The majority (82.7%) of EMTALA violations occurred at urban/suburban hospitals. Based on the Association of American Medical Colleges United States region, vascular-related EMTALA violations occurred in the Northeast (7.1%), Southern (56.1%), Central (18.4%), and Western (18.4%) United States. Case types included cerebrovascular (28.6%), aortic related (22.4%; which consisted of ruptured aortic aneurysms [8.2%], aortic dissection [11.2%], and other aortic [3.1%]), vascular trauma (15.3%), venous-thromboembolic (15.3%), peripheral arterial disease (9.2%), dialysis access (5.1%), bowel ischemia (3.1%), and other (1%) cases. Patients were transferred to another facility in 41.8% of cases. The most common reasons for violation were specialty refusal or unavailability (30.6%), inappropriate documentation (29.6%), misdiagnosis (18.4%), poor communication (17.3%), inappropriate triage (13.3%), failure to obtain diagnostic laboratory tests or imaging (12.2%), and ancillary or nursing staff issues (7.1%). The overall mortality was 19.4% and 31.6% died during the index emergency department visit. Vascular conditions associated with death were venous thromboembolism (31.6%), ruptured aortic aneurysm (21.1%), aortic dissection (21.1%), other aortic causes (10.5%), vascular trauma (10.5%), and bowel ischemia (5.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Although the frequency of vascular-related EMTALA violations was low, improvements in communication, awareness of vascular disease among staff, specialty staffing, and the development of referral networks and processes are needed to ensure that patients receive adequate care and that institutions are not placed at undue risk.
Assuntos
Atenção à Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/legislação & jurisprudência , Política de Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Padrões de Prática Médica/legislação & jurisprudência , Cirurgiões/legislação & jurisprudência , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/legislação & jurisprudência , Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S./legislação & jurisprudência , Bases de Dados Factuais , Regulamentação Governamental , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Responsabilidade Legal , Imperícia/legislação & jurisprudência , Erros Médicos/legislação & jurisprudência , Segurança do Paciente/legislação & jurisprudência , Transferência de Pacientes/legislação & jurisprudência , Recusa em Tratar/legislação & jurisprudência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estados Unidos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/mortalidadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Worldwide, peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a disease with high morbidity, affecting more than 200 million people. Our objective was to analyze the surgical treatment for PAD performed in the Unified Health System of the city of São Paulo during the last 11 years based on publicly available data. METHODS: The study was conducted with data analysis available on the TabNet platform, belonging to the DATASUS. Public data (government health system) from procedures performed in São Paulo between 2008 and 2018 were extracted. Sex, age, municipality of residence, operative technique, number of surgeries (total and per hospital), mortality during hospitalization, mean length of stay in the intensive care unit and amount paid by the government system were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 10,951 procedures were analyzed (either for claudicants or critical ischemia-proportion unknown); 55.4% of the procedures were performed on males, and in 50.60%, the patient was older than 65 years. Approximately two-thirds of the patients undergoing these procedures had residential addresses in São Paulo. There were 363 in-hospital deaths (mortality of 3.31%). The hospital with the highest number of surgeries (n = 2,777) had lower in-hospital mortality (1.51%) than the other hospitals. A total of $20,655,272.70 was paid for all revascularizations. CONCLUSIONS: Revascularization for PAD treatment has cost the government system more than $20 million over 11 years. Endovascular surgeries were performed more often than open surgeries and resulted in shorter hospital stays and lower perioperative mortality rates.
Assuntos
Procedimentos Endovasculares , Claudicação Intermitente/terapia , Isquemia/terapia , Extremidade Inferior/irrigação sanguínea , Doença Arterial Periférica/terapia , Pesquisa em Sistemas de Saúde Pública , Serviços Urbanos de Saúde , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares , Idoso , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estado Terminal , Procedimentos Endovasculares/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Endovasculares/economia , Procedimentos Endovasculares/mortalidade , Feminino , Financiamento Governamental , Custos de Cuidados de Saúde , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Claudicação Intermitente/economia , Claudicação Intermitente/mortalidade , Isquemia/economia , Isquemia/mortalidade , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença Arterial Periférica/economia , Doença Arterial Periférica/mortalidade , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Serviços Urbanos de Saúde/economia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/economia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/mortalidadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) surgery is relatively rare and controversial, given the challenges in diagnosis as well as wide variation in symptomatic and functional recovery. Our aims were to measure trends in utilization of TOS surgery, complications, and mortality rates in a nationally representative cohort and compare higher versus lower volume centers. METHODS: The National Inpatient Sample was queried using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes for rib resection and scalenectomy paired with axillo-subclavian aneurysm (arterial [aTOS]), subclavian deep vein thrombosis (venous [vTOS]), or brachial plexus lesions (neurogenic [nTOS]). Basic descriptive statistics, nonparametric tests for trend, and multivariable hierarchical regression models with random intercept for center were used to compare outcomes for TOS types, trends over time, and higher and lower volume hospitals, respectively. RESULTS: There were 3,547 TOS operations (for an estimated 18,210 TOS operations nationally) performed between 2010 and 2015 (89.2% nTOS, 9.9% vTOS, and 0.9% aTOS) with annual case volume increasing significantly over time (P = 0.03). Higher volume centers (≥10 cases per year) represented 5.2% of hospitals and 37.0% of cases, and these centers achieved significantly lower overall major complication (defined as neurologic injury, arterial or venous injury, vascular graft complication, pneumothorax, hemorrhage/hematoma, or lymphatic leak) rates (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.71 [95% confidence interval 0.52-0.98]; P = 0.04], but no difference in neurologic complications such as brachial plexus injury (aOR 0.69 [0.20-2.43]; P = 0.56) or vascular injuries/graft complications (aOR 0.71 [0.0.33-1.54]; P = 0.39). Overall mortality was 0.6%, neurologic injury was rare (0.3%), and the proportion of patients experiencing complications decreased over time (P = 0.03). However, vTOS and aTOS had >2.5 times the odds of major complication compared with nTOS (OR 2.68 [1.88-3.82] and aOR 4.26 [1.78-10.17]; P < 0.001), and â¼10 times the odds of a vascular complication (aOR 10.37 [5.33-20.19] and aOR 12.93 [3.54-47.37]; P < 0.001], respectively. As the number of complications decreased, average hospital charges also significantly decreased over time (P < 0.001). Total hospital charges were on average higher when surgery was performed in lower volume centers (<10 cases per year) compared with higher volume centers (mean $65,634 [standard deviation 98,796] vs. $45,850 [59,285]; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The annual number of TOS operations has increased in the United States from 2010 to 2015, whereas complications and average hospital charges have decreased. Mortality and neurologic injury remain rare. Higher volume centers delivered higher value care: less or similar operative morbidity with lower total hospital charges.
Assuntos
Descompressão Cirúrgica/tendências , Osteotomia/tendências , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Padrões de Prática Médica/tendências , Síndrome do Desfiladeiro Torácico/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/tendências , Adulto , Idoso , Bases de Dados Factuais , Descompressão Cirúrgica/efeitos adversos , Descompressão Cirúrgica/economia , Descompressão Cirúrgica/mortalidade , Feminino , Preços Hospitalares/tendências , Custos Hospitalares/tendências , Hospitais com Alto Volume de Atendimentos/tendências , Hospitais com Baixo Volume de Atendimentos/tendências , Humanos , Pacientes Internados , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Osteotomia/efeitos adversos , Osteotomia/economia , Osteotomia/mortalidade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/economia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/mortalidade , Padrões de Prática Médica/economia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Costelas/cirurgia , Síndrome do Desfiladeiro Torácico/diagnóstico por imagem , Síndrome do Desfiladeiro Torácico/economia , Síndrome do Desfiladeiro Torácico/mortalidade , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/economia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/mortalidade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Evidence about sex differences in management and outcomes of critical limb ischemia (CLI) is conflicting. METHODS: We identified Fee-For-Service Medicare patients within the 5% enhanced sample file who were diagnosed with new incident CLI between 2015 and 2017. For each beneficiary, we identified all hospital admissions, outpatient encounters and procedures, and pharmacy prescriptions. Outcomes included 90-day mortality and major amputation. RESULTS: Incidence of CLI declined from 2.80 (95% CI, 2.72-2.88) to 2.47 (95% CI, 2.40-2.54) per 1000 person from 2015 to 2017, P<0.01. Incidence was lower in women compared with men (2.19 versus 3.11 per 1000) but declined in both groups. Women had a lower prevalence of prescription of any statin (48.4% versus 52.9%, P<0.001) or high-intensity statins (15.3% versus 19.8%, P<0.01) compared with men. Overall, 90-day revascularization rate was 52%, and women were less likely to undergo revascularization (50.1% versus 53.6%, P<0.01) compared with men. Women had a similar unadjusted (9.9% versus 10.3%, P=0.5) and adjusted 90-day mortality (adjusted rate ratio, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.85-1.12], P=0.7) compared with men. Over the study period, unadjusted 90-day mortality remained unchanged for men (10.4% in 2015 to 9.9% in 2017, Pfor trend=0.3), and women (9.5% in 2015 to 10.6% in 2017, Pfor trend=0.2). Men had higher unadjusted (12.9% versus 8.9%, P<0.001) and adjusted risk of 90-day major amputation (adjusted rate ratio, 1.30 [95% CI, 1.14-1.48], P<0.001). One-third of patients with CLI underwent major amputation without a diagnostic angiogram or trial of revascularization in the preceding 90 days regardless of the sex. CONCLUSIONS: Women with new incident CLI are less likely to receive statin or undergo revascularization at 90 days compared with men. However, the differences were small. There was no difference in risk of 90-day mortality between both sexes. Graphic Abstract: A graphic abstract is available for this article.
Assuntos
Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Disparidades em Assistência à Saúde/tendências , Isquemia/terapia , Medicare , Doença Arterial Periférica/terapia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/tendências , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Amputação Cirúrgica/tendências , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/uso terapêutico , Estado Terminal , Planos de Pagamento por Serviço Prestado , Feminino , Humanos , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/uso terapêutico , Incidência , Isquemia/diagnóstico , Isquemia/mortalidade , Salvamento de Membro/tendências , Masculino , Doença Arterial Periférica/diagnóstico , Doença Arterial Periférica/mortalidade , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Distribuição por Sexo , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Estados Unidos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/mortalidadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to analyze litigation involving compartment syndrome to identify the causes and outcomes of such malpractice suits. A better understanding of such litigation may provide insight into areas where clinicians may make improvements in the delivery of care. METHODS: Jury verdict reviews from the Westlaw database from January 1, 2010 to January 1, 2018 were reviewed. The search term "compartment syndrome" was used to identify cases and extract data on the specialty of the physician defendant, the demographics of the plaintiff, the allegation, and the verdict. RESULTS: A total of 124 individual cases involving the diagnosis of compartment syndrome were identified. Medical centers or the hospital was included as a defendant in 51.6% of cases. The most frequent physician defendants were orthopedic surgeons (45.96%) and emergency medicine physicians (20.16%), followed by cardiothoracic/vascular surgeons (16.93%). Failure to diagnose was the most frequently cited claim (71.8% of cases). Most plaintiffs were men, with a mean age of 36.7 years, suffering injuries for an average of 5 years before their verdict. Traumatic compartment syndrome of the lower extremity causing nerve damage was the most common complication attributed to failure to diagnose, leading to litigation. Forty cases (32.25%) were found for the plaintiff or settled, with an average award of $1,553,993.66. CONCLUSIONS: Our study offers a brief overview of the most common defendants, plaintiffs, and injuries involved in legal disputes involving compartment syndrome. Orthopedic surgeons were most commonly named; however, vascular surgeons may also be involved in these cases because of the large number of cases with associated arterial involvement. A significant percentage of cases were plaintiff verdicts or settled cases. Failure to diagnosis or delay in treatment was the most common causes of malpractice litigation. Compartment syndrome is a clinical diagnosis and requires a high level of suspicion for a timely diagnosis. Lack of objective criteria for diagnosis increases the chances of medical errors and makes it an area vulnerable to litigation.
Assuntos
Síndromes Compartimentais , Compensação e Reparação/legislação & jurisprudência , Diagnóstico Tardio/legislação & jurisprudência , Seguro de Responsabilidade Civil/legislação & jurisprudência , Imperícia/legislação & jurisprudência , Erros Médicos/legislação & jurisprudência , Procedimentos Ortopédicos/legislação & jurisprudência , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/legislação & jurisprudência , Adulto , Síndromes Compartimentais/diagnóstico , Síndromes Compartimentais/economia , Síndromes Compartimentais/mortalidade , Síndromes Compartimentais/terapia , Diagnóstico Tardio/economia , Feminino , Custos de Cuidados de Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Humanos , Seguro de Responsabilidade Civil/economia , Masculino , Imperícia/economia , Erros Médicos/economia , Procedimentos Ortopédicos/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Ortopédicos/economia , Procedimentos Ortopédicos/mortalidade , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/economia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/mortalidadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Health care quality metrics are crucial to medical institutions, payers, and patients. Obtaining current and reliable quality data is challenging, as publicly reported databases lag by several years. Vizient Clinical Data Base (previously University Health Consortium) is utilized by over 5,000 academic and community medical centers to benchmark health care metrics with results based on predetermined Vizient service lines. We sought to assess the accuracy and reliability of vascular surgery service line metrics, as determined by Vizient. METHODS: Vizient utilizes encounter data submitted by participating medical centers and generates a diverse array of health care metrics ranging from mortality to costs. All inpatient cases captured by Vizient under the vascular surgery service line were identified at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center (fiscal year 2016). Each case within the service line was reviewed and categorized as "vascular" or "nonvascular" based on care provided by UMass vascular surgery faculty: vascular = vascular surgery was integral part of care, nonvascular = vascular surgery had minimal or no involvement. Statistical analysis comparing length of stay (LOS), cost, readmission, mortality, and complication rates between vascular and nonvascular cohorts was performed. All inpatient cases discharged by a vascular surgeon National Provider Identifier number were also reviewed and categorized according to Vizient service lines. RESULTS: Vizient's vascular surgery service line identified 696 cases, of which 556 (80%) were vascular and 140 (20%) were nonvascular. When comparing these 2 cohorts, vascular cases had a significantly lower LOS (3.4 vs. 8.7 days; P < 0.0001), cost ($8,535 vs. $16,498; P < 0.0001), and complication rate (6.5% vs. 18%; P < 0.0001) than nonvascular. Mortality was also lower (1.6% vs. 5.7%; P < 0.01), but after risk-adjustment, this difference was not significant. When discharging vascular surgeon National Provider Identifier was used to identify vascular surgery cases, only 69% of these cases were placed within the vascular surgery service line. CONCLUSIONS: Health care quality metrics play an important role for all stakeholders but obtaining accurate and reliable data to implement improvements is challenging. In this single institution experience, inpatient cases that were not under the direction or care of a vascular surgeon resulted in significantly negative impacts on LOS, cost, complication rate, and mortality to the vascular surgery service line, as defined by a national clinical database. Therefore, clinicians must understand the data abstracting and reporting process before implementing effective strategic plans.
Assuntos
Avaliação de Processos e Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde/normas , Indicadores de Qualidade em Assistência à Saúde/normas , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/normas , Análise Custo-Benefício , Bases de Dados Factuais , Custos Hospitalares/normas , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Tempo de Internação , Massachusetts , Avaliação de Processos e Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde/economia , Readmissão do Paciente/normas , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/mortalidade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/terapia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/economia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/mortalidadeRESUMO
Background Trials and registries associated female sex and high age with unfavorable outcomes in abdominal aortic aneurysm treatment. Many studies showed an inverse correlation between annual hospital volume and in-hospital mortality. The volume-outcome relationship has not been investigated separately for women and men or across the age range. The aim was to analyze whether sex and age are effect modifiers or confounders of the volume-outcome association. Methods and Results In a nationwide setting, all in-hospital cases from 2005 to 2014 with a diagnosis of intact abdominal aortic aneurysm and procedure codes for endovascular or open aortic repair were included. Primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Using a multilevel multivariable regression model, hospital volume was modeled as a continuous variable. Separate analyses were performed for women and men and for predefined age groups. A total of 94 966 cases were included (12% women; median age, 72 years). Mortality was 4.9% in women and 3.0% in men (3.2% overall). Mortality increased with age. Although there was no significant volume-outcome association in women (P=0.57), there was in men (P=0.02). The strongest volume-outcome association was found in younger men. The younger female subpopulation was found to show a trend for an inverse volume-outcome relationship, whereas an opposite association was found for the women aged >79 years. Conclusions Women have a higher mortality risk after elective abdominal aortic aneurysm treatment. Sex and age are modifiers of the volume-outcome relationship. Unlike in male patients, in women there is no consistent effect of hospital volume on outcome.
Assuntos
Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/cirurgia , Grupos Diagnósticos Relacionados , Procedimentos Endovasculares , Hospitais com Alto Volume de Atendimentos , Hospitais com Baixo Volume de Atendimentos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/diagnóstico por imagem , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/mortalidade , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Eletivos , Procedimentos Endovasculares/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Endovasculares/mortalidade , Feminino , Alemanha , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/mortalidadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Frailty is a risk factor for adverse postoperative outcomes. We aimed to test the performance of a prospectively validated frailty measure, the Risk Analysis Index (RAI) in patients who underwent vascular surgery and delineate the additive impact of procedure complexity on surgical outcomes. METHODS: We queried the 2007-2013 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database to identify 6 major elective vascular procedure categories (carotid revascularization, abdominal aortic aneurysm [AAA] repair, suprainguinal revascularization, infrainguinal revascularization, thoracic aortic aneurysm [TAA] repair, and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm [TAAA] repair). We trained and tested logistic regression models for 30-day mortality, major complications, and prolonged length of stay (LOS). The first model, "RAI," used the RAI alone; "RAI-Procedure (RAI-P)" included procedure category (e.g., AAA repair) and procedure approach (e.g., endovascular); "RAI-Procedure Complexity (RAI-PC)" added outpatient versus inpatient surgery, general anesthesia use, work relative value units (RVUs), and operative time. RESULTS: The RAI model was a good predictor of mortality for vascular procedures overall (C-statistic: 0.72). The C-statistic increased with the RAI-P (0.78), which further improved minimally, with the RAI-PC (0.79). When stratified by procedure category, the RAI predicted mortality well for infrainguinal (0.79) and suprainguinal (0.74) procedures, moderately well for AAA repairs (0.69) and carotid revascularizations (0.70), and poorly for TAAs (0.62) and TAAAs (0.54). For carotid, infrainguinal, and suprainguinal procedures, procedure complexity (RAI-PC) had little impact on model discrimination for mortality, did improve discrimination for AAAs (0.84), TAAs (0.73), and TAAAs (0.80). Although the RAI model was not a good predictor for major complications or LOS, discrimination improved for both with the RAI-PC model. CONCLUSIONS: Frailty as measured by the RAI was a good predictor of mortality overall after vascular surgery procedures. Although the RAI was not a strong predictor of major complications or prolonged LOS, the models improved with the addition of procedure characteristics like procedure category and approach.
Assuntos
Regras de Decisão Clínica , Idoso Fragilizado , Fragilidade/diagnóstico , Tempo de Internação , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Doenças Vasculares/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Bases de Dados Factuais , Feminino , Fragilidade/mortalidade , Nível de Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/mortalidade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/terapia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Doenças Vasculares/diagnóstico , Doenças Vasculares/mortalidade , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/mortalidadeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Professional societies publish clinical practice guidelines to provide evidence-based recommendations to improve care and to reduce practice variation. However, the degree of compliance with the guidelines and its impact on outcomes have not been well defined. This study used the Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI) abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) registries to determine current compliance with and impact of recent Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS) AAA guidelines. METHODS: Recommendations from the SVS AAA guidelines were reviewed and assessed as to whether they could be evaluated with current VQI data sets. The degree of compliance with these individual recommendations was calculated by center and correlated with clinical outcomes. Data were analyzed by univariate analysis and mixed effects multivariable logistic regression. Statistical significance was measured at P < .05. RESULTS: Of the 111 SVS recommendations, 10 could be evaluated using VQI registries. The mean center-specific compliance rate ranged from 40% (smoking cessation 2 weeks before open AAA [OAAA] repair) to 99% (preservation of flow to one internal iliac artery during endovascular aneurysm repair [EVAR]). Some recommendations were associated with improved outcomes (eg, cell salvage for OAAA repair and antibiotic prophylaxis), whereas others were not (eg, EVAR at a center with >10 cases per year or door-to-intervention time <90 minutes for ruptured AAA). With multivariable analysis, compliance with preservation of flow to the internal iliac artery decreased major adverse cardiac events in EVAR and marginally decreased in-hospital and 1-year mortality in OAAA repair. Antibiotic administration decreased surgical site infection, major adverse cardiac events, and in-hospital mortality and marginally decreased respiratory complications and 1-year mortality in EVAR. Cell salvage for OAAA repair decreased 1-year mortality. Tobacco cessation before EVAR or OAAA repair decreased respiratory complications and 1-year mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The VQI registry is a valuable tool that can be used to measure compliance with SVS AAA guidelines. Compliance with recommendations was associated with improved outcomes and should be encouraged for providers. Participation in the VQI registry provides an objective assessment of performance and compliance with guidelines. VQI provider and center reports may be used as a focus for quality improvement efforts.
Assuntos
Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/cirurgia , Fidelidade a Diretrizes/normas , Avaliação de Processos e Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde/normas , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto/normas , Padrões de Prática Médica/normas , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/normas , Antibioticoprofilaxia/normas , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/diagnóstico por imagem , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/mortalidade , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , América do Norte , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Melhoria de Qualidade/normas , Indicadores de Qualidade em Assistência à Saúde/normas , Sistema de Registros , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar , Fatores de Tempo , Tempo para o Tratamento/normas , Resultado do Tratamento , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/mortalidadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Studies suggest that patients admitted on weekends may have worse outcomes as compared with those admitted on weekdays. Lower extremity vascular trauma (LEVT) often requires emergent surgical intervention and might be particularly sensitive to this "weekend effect." The objective of this study was to determine if a weekend effect exists for LEVT. METHODS: The National and Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database (2005-2014) was queried to identify all adult patients who were admitted with an LEVT diagnosis. Patient and hospital characteristics were recorded or calculated and outcomes including in-hospital mortality, amputation, length of stay (LOS), and discharge disposition were assessed. Independent predictors of outcomes were identified using multivariable regression models. RESULTS: There were 9,282 patients admitted with LEVT (2,866 weekend admissions vs. 6,416 weekday admissions). Patients admitted on weekends were likely to be younger than 45 years (68% weekend vs. 55% weekday, P < 0.001), male (81% weekend vs. 75% weekday, P < 0.001), and uninsured (22% weekend vs. 17% weekday, P < 0.001) as compared with patients admitted on weekdays. There were no statistically significant differences in mortality (3.8% weekend vs. 3.3% weekday, P = 0.209), amputation (7.2% weekend vs. 6.6% weekday, P = 0.258), or discharge home (57.4% weekend vs. 56.1% weekday, P = 0.271). There was no clinically significant difference in LOS (median 7 days weekend vs. 7 days weekday), P = 0.009. On multivariable regression analyses, there were no statistically significant outcome differences between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study did not identify a weekend effect in LEVT patients in the United States. This suggests that factors other than the day of admission may be important in influencing outcomes after LEVT.
Assuntos
Plantão Médico , Extremidade Inferior/irrigação sanguínea , Admissão do Paciente , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares , Lesões do Sistema Vascular/cirurgia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Amputação Cirúrgica , Bases de Dados Factuais , Emergências , Feminino , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Pacientes Internados , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Alta do Paciente , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Estados Unidos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/mortalidade , Lesões do Sistema Vascular/diagnóstico por imagem , Lesões do Sistema Vascular/mortalidade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Dementia has been associated with increased complications and mortality in orthopedics and other surgical specialties, but has received limited attention in vascular surgery. Therefore, we evaluated the association of dementia with surgical outcomes for elderly patients with Medicare who underwent a variety of open and percutaneous vascular surgery procedures. METHODS: We reviewed claims data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services for beneficiaries enrolled in Medicare Part A fee-for-service insurance from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2011, who underwent inpatient vascular surgery. Only the first surgery during the first admission was considered for analysis. Traditional outcomes (30- and 90-day mortality, intensive care admission, complications, length of stay) and patient-centered outcomes (discharge to home, extended skilled nursing facility [SNF] stay, time at home) were adjusted for patient and procedure characteristics using multilevel linear or logistic regression as appropriate. All analyses were performed using SAS (v9.4, SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC). RESULTS: Our study included 210,918 patients undergoing vascular surgery, of whom 27,920 carried a diagnosis of dementia. The average age of the entire cohort was 75.74 years, and 55.43% were male. Patients with dementia were older and had higher rates of comorbidities compared with patients without a dementia diagnosis. The three most common defined classes of intervention excluding miscellaneous ones were cerebrovascular, peripheral arterial, and aortic cases, which jointly accounted for 53.15% of cases. Among all cases, 56.62% were open. Emergent/urgent cases were more frequent amongst those with dementia (60.66% vs 37.93%; P < .001). After adjustment, patients with dementia had increased odds of 30-day mortality (odds ratio [OR], 1.21; P < .0001) and 90-day mortality (OR, 1.63; P < .0001), extended SNF stay (OR, 3.47; P < .0001), and longer hospital length of stay (8.29 days vs 5.41 days; P < .001). They were less likely to be discharged home (OR, 0.31; P < .0001) and spent a lower fraction of time at home after discharge (63.29% vs 86.91%; P < .001). Intensive care admission and inpatient complications were similar between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Dementia is associated with poor traditional outcomes, including increased 30- and 90-day mortality and longer hospital lengths of stay in this large national patient sample. It is also associated with worse patient-centered outcomes, including substantially lower discharge rates to home, less time spent at home after discharge, and higher rates of extended stay in a SNF. These data should be used to counsel patients facing vascular surgery to provide goal-concordant care, particularly to patients with dementia.
Assuntos
Demência/complicações , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/mortalidade , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Medicare , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Instituições de Cuidados Especializados de Enfermagem/estatística & dados numéricos , Estados UnidosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The use of IV narcotic analgesics (IVNA) within the context of vascular procedures is not fully described. We sought to evaluate the burden of IVNA including narcotic analgesia-related adverse drug events (NARADE), associated mortality and hospitalization cost in open and endovascular vascular procedures, and to compare it with nonnarcotic analgesia (IVNNA). METHODS: Retrospective cross-sectional study in hospitals participating in Premier database (2009-2015). Logistic regression analysis was implemented to report the risks of NARADE and in-hospital mortality. Negative binomial regression was used to assess length of stay and generalized linear modeling was used to estimate the hospitalization cost. RESULTS: A total of 171,473 patients were identified. NARADE occurred in 6.2% of the cohort. NARADE group was similar in gender and race but was slightly older (median age 71 vs. 70; P < 0.001). After risk-adjustment, NARADE risk was higher in patients who received IVNA-alone in carotid and lower extremity revascularization (LER) [OR (odds ratio) (95% confidence interval [CI]): 1.17 (1.02-1.34) and 1.31 (1.14-1.50)] or combined with IVNNA [OR (95% CI): 1.34 (1.13-1.59) and 1.81 (1.54-2.13)], respectively. Patients receiving aortic repair benefited from the use of IVNA + IVNNA [OR (95% CI): 0.82 (0.69-0.98)]. Occurrence of NARADE doubled the LOS, amplified mortality risk and increased cost in all domains. NARADE increased the odds of mortality by 24.3, 6.5 (4.9-8.68) and 16.6 times and added $5,368, $12,737 and $11,349 to the cost of carotid, aortic and LER interventions, respectively. In contrast, IVNNA was not associated with NARADE risk, increased LOS or cost and showed a survival benefit in patients undergoing open aortic repair [aOR (95% CI): 0.52 (0.36-0.75)]. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The use of opioid-based narcotics had increased the risk of NARADE, resources utilization and NARADE-related mortality. Yet the use of nonopioid-based analgesic was safe, did not increase the cost and reduced mortality in open AA repair. This entices shifting the paradigm toward exploring nonopioid-based analgesia options in order to replace or minimize opioid requirements.
Assuntos
Analgésicos não Narcóticos/administração & dosagem , Analgésicos não Narcóticos/economia , Custos de Medicamentos , Procedimentos Endovasculares/economia , Custos Hospitalares , Entorpecentes/administração & dosagem , Entorpecentes/economia , Manejo da Dor/economia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/economia , Administração Intravenosa , Idoso , Analgésicos não Narcóticos/efeitos adversos , Análise Custo-Benefício , Estudos Transversais , Bases de Dados Factuais , Custos de Medicamentos/tendências , Procedimentos Endovasculares/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Endovasculares/mortalidade , Procedimentos Endovasculares/tendências , Feminino , Custos Hospitalares/tendências , Humanos , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos Econômicos , Entorpecentes/efeitos adversos , Manejo da Dor/efeitos adversos , Manejo da Dor/mortalidade , Manejo da Dor/tendências , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Estados Unidos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/mortalidade , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/tendênciasRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Frailty is increasingly recognized as a key determinant in predicting postoperative outcomes. Centers that see more frail patients may not be captured in risk adjustment, potentially accounting for poorer outcomes in hospital comparisons. We aimed to (1) determine the effect of frailty on long-term mortality in patients undergoing elective abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair and (2) evaluate the variability in frailty burden among centers in the Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI) database. METHODS: Patients undergoing elective open and endovascular AAA repair (2003-2017) were identified, and those with complete data on component variables of the VQI-derived Risk Analysis Index (VQI-RAI) and centers with ≥10 AAA repairs were included. VQI-RAI characteristics are sex, age, body mass index, renal failure, congestive heart failure, dyspnea, preoperative ambulation, and functional status. Frailty was defined as VQI-RAI ≥35 based on prior work in surgical patients using other quality improvement databases. This corresponds to the top 12% of patients at risk in the VQI. Center-level VQI-RAI differences were assessed by analysis of variance test. Relationships between frailty and survival were compared by Kaplan-Meier analysis and the log-rank test for open and endovascular procedures. Multivariable hierarchical Cox proportional hazards regression models were calculated with random intercepts for center, controlling for frailty, race, insurance, AAA diameter, procedure type, AAA case mix, and year. RESULTS: A total of 15,803 patients from 185 centers were included. Mean VQI-RAI scores were 27.6 (standard deviation, 5.9; range, 4-56) and varied significantly across centers (F = 2.41, P < .001). The percentage of frail patients per center ranged from 0% to 40.0%. In multivariable analysis, frailty was independently associated with long-term mortality (hazard ratio, 2.88; 95% confidence interval, 2.6-3.2) after accounting for covariates and center-level variance. Open AAA repair was not associated with long-term mortality after adjusting for frailty (hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% confidence interval, 0.86-1.13). There was a statistically significant difference in the percentage of frail patients compared with nonfrail patients who were discharged to a rehabilitation facility or nursing home after both open (40.5% vs 17.8%; P < .0001) and endovascular repair (17.7% vs 4.6%; P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: There is considerable variability of preoperative frailty among VQI centers performing elective AAA repair. Adjusting for center-level variation, frailty but not procedure type had a significant association with long-term mortality; however, frailty and procedure type were both associated with nonhome discharge. Routine measurement of frailty preoperatively by centers to identify high-risk patients may help mitigate procedural and long-term outcomes and improve shared decision-making regarding AAA repair.