RESUMO
Industrial chemicals in a variety of applications are often found in highly populated areas and their presence carries risks. The threat of serious consequences from inadvertent or intentional events involving hazardous chemicals is a possibility. Extremism and/or other illicit activities pose environmental threats from chemical exposures. We present here a review of the threat of ocular injury in small-and large-scale chemical releases and discuss mechanisms of damage and repair to the eyes. The emerging field of proteomics has been described in relation to its potential role in the assessment of ocular changes following chemical exposures and management of ocular trauma.
Assuntos
Acidentes de Trabalho , Queimaduras Químicas/etiologia , Substâncias para a Guerra Química/toxicidade , Desastres , Queimaduras Oculares/induzido quimicamente , Olho/efeitos dos fármacos , Substâncias Perigosas/toxicidade , Proteômica/métodos , Ácidos/toxicidade , Álcalis/toxicidade , Amônia/toxicidade , Queimaduras Químicas/metabolismo , Queimaduras Químicas/fisiopatologia , Queimaduras Químicas/terapia , Compostos Clorados/toxicidade , Olho/metabolismo , Olho/fisiopatologia , Queimaduras Oculares/metabolismo , Queimaduras Oculares/fisiopatologia , Queimaduras Oculares/terapia , Proteínas do Olho/metabolismo , Humanos , Isocianatos/toxicidade , Mecloretamina/toxicidade , Gás de Mostarda/toxicidade , Proteínas/metabolismo , Medição de Risco , CicatrizaçãoRESUMO
Comparative assessment of results after treatment of 90 patients with chemical burns of moderate and severe degrees was made using a sorption (103 eyes) and traditional (47 eyes) methods of treatment. The sorption method included the usage of ocular medicinal ionometabolic insertions and a 10% medicinal gelatine that are able to eliminate ions from the burning substance and toxic product formed in the eye due to burns. As a result of treatment, the sorption method allowed to obtain higher functional results, to achieve a shorter time for the patient's stay in the hospital, by 11.2 bed-days, on the average. Thanks to the sorption method introduced into the clinical practice the economic effect made up about 50,000 rubles yearly.