[Étienne Destot (1864-1918) or the other father of French radiology]. / Étienne Destot (1864­1918) ou l'autre père de la radiologie française.

Étienne Destot is a French physician from Burgundy who benefited, during his studies in Lyon, from the quality of teaching of the best specialists of the time: Augagneur for hygiene, Testut for anatomy, Ollier for surgery, Lépine for the medical applications of electricity and the Lumière brothers for the technological development. During its experiments, he met Despeignes, the first radiation oncologist, Regaud pioneer of radiobiology and Bouchacourt who pointed out individual radiosensitivity. Less than two months after the X-rays discovery by Roentgen, he produced one of the first French radiographic views that were at the origin of our current knowledge in bone and cartilage anatomy and traumatology. He funded the first department of radiology in France in a former library of the major hospital of Lyon, where he made a number of original advances. It appears obvious that, while Antoine Beclère was the great organizer of the French radiology, Destot was its pathfinder. Destot was at the origin of several technological advances that gave stereoscopy, internal organs imaging and quantification of the heart-thorax ratio. By contrast, he was not convinced of the therapeutic properties of X-rays even if he contributed to the technological development of X-ray tubes. Victim of radiations, exhausted, Destot died on December 1918, by helping the Great War victims. His name is written in a war tribute monument in Arc-et-Senans (Burgundy).

The RSNA Editorial Fellows: Then and Now.

Since its establishment in 1998, the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) Editorial Fellowship has been offering unique opportunities to radiologists from around the world who have a strong interest in radiologic journalism. For the past 16 years, the selected RSNA Editorial Fellows have learned essential processes involved in the production of Radiology and RadioGraphics by working closely with the editors, associate editors, and staff. The editorial fellowship for radiology attending physicians was renamed the RSNA William R. Eyler Editorial Fellowship, in honor of the founding editor of RadioGraphics, with the first Eyler fellow selected in 2005. Additionally, several years ago, a second fellowship was created for radiology trainees, which is now named the RSNA William W. Olmsted Editorial Fellowship for Trainees, in honor of the most recent emeritus editor of RadioGraphics. For the special centennial year of the journal Radiology, several former editorial fellows were interested in knowing what the previous fellows are up to presently and how their experience and learning from the fellowship influenced and contributed to their academic career development. The invitation to share their experience of the RSNA Editorial Fellowship was sent to 19 previous RSNA Editorial Fellows. We report the findings from 16 of these fellows who responded. We found that almost all previous RSNA Editorial Fellows (15 of 16, 94%) stayed in academic radiology, and each is currently leading a successful academic career. All of them are currently actively serving in one or more positions as an editor, associate editor, reviewer, and/or editorial board member of various radiology journals and clinical journals related to their area(s) of academic expertise. Among the 16 previous editorial fellows who responded, there are four chairs and six vice-chairs of their respective radiology departments. All of them reported that the experience and knowledge they gained from the RSNA Editorial Fellowship was crucial for their academic and professional development. Their views on the experience of being an RSNA Editorial Fellow, accomplishments achieved after the fellowship, and current activities are included here.

Component coding and the neurointerventionalist: a tale with an end.

Component coding is the method NeuroInterventionalists have used for the past 20 years to bill procedural care. The term refers to separate billing for each discrete aspect of a surgical or interventional procedure, and has typically allowed billing the procedural activity, such as catheterization of vessels, separately from the diagnostic evaluation of radiographic images. This work is captured by supervision and interpretation codes. Benefits of component coding will be reviewed in this article. The American Medical Association/Specialty Society Relative Value Scale Update Committee has been filtering for codes that are frequently reported together. NeuroInterventional procedures are going to be caught in this filter as our codes are often reported simultaneously as for example routinely occurs when procedural codes are coupled to those for supervision and interpretation. Unfortunately, history has shown that when bundled codes have been reviewed at the RUC, there has been a trend to lower overall RVU value for the combined service compared with the sum of the values of the separate services.

History of neuroimaging: the legacy of William Oldendorf.

The field of neuroimaging witnessed remarkable progress in the post-World War II era, resulting in tremendous benefits for healthcare today. One such important milestone was the development of the computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan. This state of the art technique has paved the way for modern diagnostic imaging like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Dr William Oldendorf, the first designer of axial tomography, is regarded by some as the true father of neuroimaging. However, because of various reasons, he was unable to succeed with his concept and was also unfortunately denied his due entitlement of the Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology in 1979. This article discusses his contributions to the fields of neuroimaging and neurosciences, along with the politics that surrounded the awarding of the Nobel Prize of 1979. Another associated topic that is touched on in this article is the ever-growing dispute over the interpretations of neuroimaging between neurologists and neuroradiologists.

Making medicine a business in Japan: Shimadzu Co. and the diffusion of radiology (1900-1960).

This contribution focuses on the role of the firm Shimadzu in the marketing of X-ray machines in Japan during the first part of the 20th century, viewed from a business history perspective. It attempts to further understanding of the process of technology diffusion in medicine. In a global market controlled by American and German multinational enterprises, Japan appears to have been a particular country, where a domestic independent firm, Shimadzu, succeeded in establishing itself as a competitive company. This success is the result of a strategy based on both the internalisation of technological capabilities (recruitment of university graduate engineers, subcontracting of research and development activities) and an original communication policy towards the medical world. Finally, the specific structure of the Japanese medical market, composed of numerous and largely privatised small healthcare centres, facilitated the rapid diffusion of X-ray machines, a new technology which conferred a comparative advantage on its holders.

Controle de riscos à saúde em radiodiagnóstico: uma perspectiva histórica / Control of health risks in radiodiagnosis: a historic approach

Apresenta o histórico da descoberta das radiações ionizantes, seus efeitos biológicos e a conseqüente necessidade de controle dos respectivos riscos à saúde. Descreve a evolução histórica do controle de risco em radiodiagnóstico no Brasil, demonstrando que este pode não estar associado apenas à dose recebida, mas também a erros de diagnóstico e a custos para o sistema de saúde. Salienta que a legislação sanitária tem um amplo leque de co-responsabilidade social para envolver todos os atores visando à proteção da saúde.

2005 ACR presidential oration: collective wisdom: lessons for the future.

Review of presidential orations delivered since the inception of the ACR in 1923 yields insight into problems that have faced radiology over the years and the aggressive way they have been dealt with by the College. A major example occurred in 1987 when the ACR proposed developing its own relative value scale in response to the Hsiao RBRVS proposed for all of medicine. Not popular at the time, this initiative proved eventually to benefit radiologists. Self-referral, escalating in recent years, is felt to require a similar strong response, the proposal for reimbursement of imaging only to designated providers who provide high quality imaging as documented by accreditation.