Clinical effectiveness of an online supervised group physical and mental health rehabilitation programme for adults with post-covid-19 condition (REGAIN study): multicentre randomised controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether a structured online supervised group physical and mental health rehabilitation programme can improve health related quality of life compared with usual care in adults with post-covid-19 condition (long covid). DESIGN: Pragmatic, multicentre, parallel group, superiority randomised controlled trial. SETTING: England and Wales, with home based interventions delivered remotely online from a single trial hub. PARTICIPANTS: 585 adults (26-86 years) discharged from NHS hospitals at least three months previously after covid-19 and with ongoing physical and/or mental health sequelae (post-covid-19 condition), randomised (1:1.03) to receive the Rehabilitation Exercise and psycholoGical support After covid-19 InfectioN (REGAIN) intervention (n=298) or usual care (n=287). INTERVENTIONS: Best practice usual care was a single online session of advice and support with a trained practitioner. The REGAIN intervention was delivered online over eight weeks and consisted of weekly home based, live, supervised, group exercise and psychological support sessions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was health related quality of life using the patient reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS) preference (PROPr) score at three months. Secondary outcomes, measured at three, six, and 12 months, included PROMIS subscores (depression, fatigue, sleep disturbance, pain interference, physical function, social roles/activities, and cognitive function), severity of post-traumatic stress disorder, general health, and adverse events. RESULTS: Between January 2021 and July 2022, 39 697 people were invited to take part in the study and 725 were contacted and eligible. 585 participants were randomised. Mean age was 56 (standard deviation (SD) 12) years, 52% were female participants, mean health related quality of life PROMIS-PROPr score was 0.20 (SD 0.17), and mean time from hospital discharge was 323 (SD 144) days. Compared with usual care, the REGAIN intervention led to improvements in health related quality of life (adjusted mean difference in PROPr score 0.03 (95% confidence interval 0.01 to 0.05), P=0.02) at three months, driven predominantly by greater improvements in the PROMIS subscores for depression (1.39 (0.06 to 2.71), P=0.04), fatigue (2.50 (1.19 to 3.81), P<0.001), and pain interference (1.80 (0.50 to 3.11), P=0.01). Effects were sustained at 12 months (0.03 (0.01 to 0.06), P=0.02). Of 21 serious adverse events, only one was possibly related to the REGAIN intervention. In the intervention group, 141 (47%) participants fully adhered to the programme, 117 (39%) partially adhered, and 40 (13%) did not receive the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: In adults with post-covid-19 condition, an online, home based, supervised, group physical and mental health rehabilitation programme was clinically effective at improving health related quality of life at three and 12 months compared with usual care. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN registry ISRCTN11466448.

Assessing the clinical and cost-effectiveness of inpatient mental health rehabilitation services provided by the NHS and independent sector (ACER): protocol.

BACKGROUND: Mental health rehabilitation services provide specialist treatment to people with particularly severe and complex problems. In 2018, the Care Quality Commission reported that over half the 4,400 mental health inpatient rehabilitation beds in England were provided by the independent sector. They raised concerns that the length of stay and cost of independent sector care was double that of the NHS and that their services tended to be provided much further from people's homes. However, there has been no research comparing the two sectors and we therefore do not know if these concerns are justified. The ACER Study (Assessing the Clinical and cost-Effectiveness of inpatient mental health Rehabilitation services provided by the NHS and independent sector) is a national programme of research in England, funded from 2021 to 2026, that aims to investigate differences in inpatient mental health rehabilitation provided by the NHS and independent sector in terms of: patient characteristics; service quality; patient, carer and staff experiences; clinical and cost effectiveness. METHODS: ACER comprises a:1) detailed survey of NHS and independent sector inpatient mental health rehabilitation services across England; 2) qualitative investigation of patient, family, staff and commissioners' experiences of the two sectors; 3) cohort study comparing clinical outcomes in the two sectors over 18 months; 4) comprehensive national comparison of inpatient service use in the two sectors, using instrumental variable analysis of routinely collected healthcare data over 18 months; 5) health economic evaluation of the relative cost-effectiveness of the two sectors. In Components 3 and 4, our primary outcome is 'successful rehabilitation' defined as a) being discharged from the inpatient rehabilitation unit without readmission and b) inpatient service use over the 18 months. DISCUSSION: The ACER study will deliver the first empirical comparison of the clinical and cost-effectiveness of NHS and independent sector inpatient mental health rehabilitation services. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN17381762 retrospectively registered.

Disparities in severe loneliness between adults with and without a serious mental illness.

OBJECTIVE: Severe loneliness infrequently occurs in the general population but has very significant impacts on health and quality of life. This study examined the extent to which severe loneliness is experienced by adults with serious mental illnesses (SMIs) relative to adults in the general population and its possible implications for psychiatric rehabilitation services. METHOD: Data were gathered from samples of individuals with SMI (N = 231) and a general community sample of adults (N = 300) using the University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale. RESULTS: The results indicate that loneliness was much greater among those with SMI than the general adult population sample (Cohen's d = 1.220) and approximately 41% of the participants with SMI were "severely lonely" versus 7.3% of the non-SMI adult sample. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Severe loneliness is extremely common among individuals with SMI. Psychiatric rehabilitation services that focus on socialization and mattering are needed to address this significant public health issue. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Riding the tides: Directions in mental health rehabilitation in NSW.

OBJECTIVE: This paper outlines the evolution of mental health rehabilitation in NSW, where allocation of health resources has repeatedly contradicted the policy intention to reorient services from inpatient to community-based services, leaving community rehabilitation the poor and disconnected cousin of inpatient services. The expanding role of community-managed organisations (CMOs) in psychosocial rehabilitation, the introduction of the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS), and emerging service models have helped foster a maturing housing and social care environment, but present reality and the integration of health and social care services remains at a distance from best evidence practice. CONCLUSION: The challenge of the next decade of mental health reform is to embrace and consolidate greater service diversity and complexity. Understanding what factors influenced present reality is important in providing guardrails for the future, enabling the current wave of renewal and reinvestment in NSW to build on the strengths of past developments and steer a course around their weaknesses.

Expansion of Psychosocial Care Centers and their relationship with health and human rights.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the factors associated with the expansion of the number of Brazilian Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS) considering aspects related to the general health scenario and the institutionalization of human rights. METHODS: An analytical document-based study, developed between February 2020 and May 2022, whose secondary data on the 27 Brazilian capitals were collected on platforms in the public domain, based on the time series from 2015 to 2020. Indicators were listed based on health system infrastructure and quality of life. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation test and Student's t test were used. RESULTS: The capitals that expanded the number of CAPS in the analyzed period were the ones that presented the greatest political-legal framework for the protection of human rights. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the greater the commitment of governments in favor of human rights, the greater the investment for CAPS expansion.

Assessment of the Psychosocial Care Center multidisciplinary team from users' and family members' perspective.

OBJECTIVES: to assess the multidisciplinary team of a Psychosocial Care Center I from users' and family members' perspective. METHODS: an evaluative study, anchored in the fourth generation evaluation theoretical-methodological framework, carried out in a Psychosocial Care Center I, from September 2021 to March 2022. Eleven users and 06 family members participated. Data were collected through non-participant observation, individual interviews and negotiation sessions, and analyzed using the Constant Comparative Method, using the MAXQDA software. RESULTS: the team develops its care based on individual and collective care, with integrated and complementary work by professionals. They seek to facilitate treatment initiation and continuation, considering health needs and offering support, understanding and guidance to users and their families. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the multidisciplinary team's work is based on the psychosocial paradigm, which can qualify care and strengthen the service role in the mental health network.

Psychosocial Care for Pediatric Cancer. Module 01: Psychosocial assessment

Advances in the treatment of pediatric cancer have made it possible to expand initiatives beyond cure and cover aspects such as early detection, continuity of treatment and reduction in toxicity. All this has paved the way for a more comprehensive vision of patient care, which means better chances of healing and a fuller life - objectives of the World Initiative against Childhood Cancer. Within this comprehensive care, psychosocial care includes the social, psychological, spiritual and functional dimensions of the disease process of patients. This series includes guidelines and standards based on evidence that guarantee the quality of said care. The standards are the result of discussion and review by different professionals from Latin America and the Caribbean. Module 1 focuses on psychosocial evaluation as a strategy to support the objectives of the World Initiative against Childhood Cancer, and as a tool for health professionals to gather the necessary information to offer these patients a comprehensive approach focused on well-being, adaptation to the disease process, and adherence to treatment.

Introduction to the special section on racial disparities in psychiatric rehabilitation services.

Although racial disparities in psychiatric rehabilitation services are not new, the urgency of systematic approaches to address them has gained increased attention. In particular, the current social and political climate has spotlighted historically persistent and universally prevalent problems in equitable care. This special section, consisting of six studies and a Letter to the Editor, reveals the operation and impact of structural racism and highlights the need for race-conscious practice and research in psychiatric rehabilitation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Teacher-reported emotional and behavioural problems and ethnic background associated with children's psychosocial care use: a longitudinal population-based study.

Approximately, 15% of children in Western countries suffer from emotional and behavioural problems. However, not all children receive the psychosocial care they need, especially children with a non-Western background experience an unmet need for care. This might be because parents of non-Western children report a lower need for care than parents of Western children, unrelated to the actual need. This study examined the association between teacher-reported problems and psychosocial care use, independent of mother-reported problems. Further, the role of ethnic background in this association was investigated. The study sample of 9-year-old children was retrieved from the Generation R Study (N = 3084), a prospective, population-based cohort of children born in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Teacher- and mother-reported problems were measured via questionnaire when the children were  6/7 years old. Psychosocial care use was mother-reported at the research centre when children were 9 years old (8.1%). Hierarchical logistic regressions showed significant positive associations between teacher-reported total, externalising and internalising problems and later psychosocial care use. These associations were independent of mother-reported problems. Children with a non-Western background used less care, but ethnic background did not moderate the association between teacher-reported problems and care use. Our findings suggest that teachers might have an important role, next to parents, in the identification of problems and children's access to care. This may be particularly important for non-Western children, as they use less psychosocial care than Western children, despite other research showing that they generally display higher levels of problems. Directions for future research and implications are discussed.

Regional evolution of psychosocial services in Australia before and after the implementation of the National Disability Insurance Scheme.

OBJECTIVES: This paper compares the evolution of the psychosocial sector in two Australian regions pre and post introduction of the National Disability Insurance Scheme - a major reform to the financing, planning and provision of disability services in Australia, intended to create greater competition and efficiency in the market, and more choice for service users. METHODS: We used a standardised service classification instrument based on a health ecosystems approach to assess service availability and diversity of psychosocial services provided by non-government organisations in two Primary Health Network regions. RESULTS: We identified very different evolutionary pathways in the two regions. Service availability increased in Western Sydney but decreased in the Australian Capital Territory. The diversity of services available did not increase in either Primary Health Network 4 years after the reform. Many services were experiencing ongoing funding uncertainty. CONCLUSION: Assumptions of increased efficiency through organisational scaling up, and a greater diversity in range of service availability were not borne out. IMPLICATIONS: This study shows the urgent need for evaluation of the effects of the NDIS on the provision of psychosocial care in Australia. Four years after the implementation of the NDIS at vast expense key objectives not been met for consumers or for the system as a whole, and an environment of uncertainty has been created for providers. It demonstrates the importance of standardised service mapping to monitor the effects of major reforms on mental health care as well as the need for a focus at the local level.

Gênero e cuidado na Atenção Psicossocial: o cotidiano de mulheres cuidadoras em um CAPS no Rio de Janeiro / Gender and Care in Psychosocial Attention: the everyday lives of women caregivers in a CAPS in Rio de Janeiro

Este trabalho buscou analisar as relações de cuidado no mandato da Atenção Psicossocial, considerando a centralidade de figuras femininas como principais cuidadoras de usuários da RAPS. Entendendo que a gestão desse cuidado é compartilhada com o Estado, partimos da hipótese de que a reformulação da política de saúde mental se ancora e reforça a histórica feminilização do cuidado, fortemente racializada e atravessada por desigualdades de classe e territórios. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi investigar o processo de familiarização e feminização do cuidado com RPB a partir de um trabalho etnográfico em um CAPS, observando o cotidiano de mulheres cuidadoras nesse serviço. Entre os objetivos específicos, buscou-se investigar a relação entre elas na gestão do cuidado em saúde mental, apontando para as discussões entre gênero, cuidado e trabalho, observando aproximações e distanciamentos entre categorias nativas e analíticas. Além disso, buscou-se refletir sobre a relação entre a política de saúde mental e a gestão estatal do cuidado enquanto mecanismos de regulação de gênero. As análises foram realizadas a partir da observação participante em um CAPS III do município do Rio de Janeiro. A pesquisa de campo privilegiou os espaços coletivos do CAPS, em especial a convivência e as atividades coletivas que contavam com a participação dos cuidadores, como a assembleia do CAPS, o grupo de família e o grupo de suporte de pares. Os achados da pesquisa apontam para a forma como essas mulheres, em seus distintos lugares sociais, respondem a esse mandato, criando relações de aliança e suporte mútuo, incluindo a ampliação de suas redes de apoio e cuidado no território, mas também compostas por tensões e disputas discursivas, sustentando a aposta política do cuidado dos sujeitos em sofrimento psíquico na comunidade. (AU)

This study aimed to analyse the care relationships within the framework of Psychosocial Attention, considering the central role of female figures as primary caregivers for users of the Psychosocial Care Network (RAPS). Understanding that the management of this care is shared with the State, we hypothesized that the reformulation of mental health policy is grounded in and reinforces the historical feminization of caregiving, strongly influenced by racialization and intersected by class and territorial inequalities. The overall objective of this research was to investigate the process of familiarization and feminization of care within the RAPS through an ethnographic study in a CAPS, observing the daily lives of women caregivers in this service. Among the specific objectives, we sought to investigate their role in mental health care management, pointing out the discussions regarding gender, care, and labor, while observing convergences and divergences between native and analytical categories. Furthermore, we aimed to reflect on the relationship between mental health policy and state management of care as mechanisms for gender regulation. The analyses were conducted through participant observation in a CAPS III in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. The field research focused on the collective spaces of the CAPS, particularly interactions and collective activities involving caregivers, such as the CAPS assembly, family group, and peer support group. The research findings highlight how these women, from diverse social backgrounds, respond to this caregiving mandate, forming alliances and mutual support relationships, including the expansion of their support and care networks within the community. These relationships, however, also involve tensions and discursive disputes, underpinning the political commitment to providing care for individuals experiencing psychological distress within the community. (AU)

Atenção psicossocial a usuários de álcool e outras drogas: um estudo dos profissionais de um município sul-brasileiro / Psychosocial care for users of alcohol and other drugs: a study on professionals in a South-Brazilian municipality / Atención psicosocial para usuarios de alcohol y otras drogas: un estudio sobre profesionales de un municipio surbrasileño

Resumo: Este estudo objetivou identificar estratégias adotadas por profissionais atuantes na atenção básica à saúde, em um município da região Sul do Brasil, e analisar suas percepções sobre fatores dificultadores e facilitadores no cuidado a pessoas com necessidades decorrentes do uso de substâncias. Tratou-se de um estudo de abordagem predominantemente qualitativa. A amostra foi composta por 32 participantes para a obtenção de dados quantitativos e 11 para a coleta de dados qualitativos. Os dados foram analisados por meio da Análise de Conteúdo Temático-Categorial, mediante o uso do software NVivo 12. Os dados indicaram que as principais estratégias e fatores facilitadores foram o atendimento a demandas espontâneas, visita domiciliar, a família e o acolhimento. Em nível de intervenção, evidenciou-se a articulação dos serviços e redes de apoio, o matriciamento, o vínculo e a multidisciplinaridade e interprofissionalidade como possibilidades e potencialidades nos processos de trabalho. Quanto aos fatores dificultadores, verificou-se excesso de demandas, fragilidade de vínculo, estigma e preconceito, baixa adesão, centralização dos serviços, insuficiência de formação profissional, ausência de matriciamento, hegemonia do modelo biomédico e institucionalizante, e divergência entre políticas e práticas de cuidado. Espera-se que esses resultados possam contribuir para a formulação e efetivação de políticas e práticas de cuidado às pessoas que usam drogas.

Abstract: This study aimed to identify strategies adopted by professionals working in basic health care, in a municipality in the southern region of Brazil, and to analyze their perceptions about factors that are difficult and facilitating in caring for people with needs arising from the use of substances. This was a study with a predominantly qualitative approach. The sample consisted of 32 participants for quantitative data collection and 11 for qualitative data collection. The data were analyzed by means of the Thematic-Categorial Content Analysis, using the NVivo 12 software. The data indicated that the main facilitating strategies and factors were the attendance to spontaneous demands, home visits, family and reception. At the level of intervention, the articulation of support services and networks, matrix support, bond and multidisciplinarity and interprofessionality were evidenced as possibilities and potentialities in the work processes. As for the difficulty factors, there were excessive demands, fragility of bonds, stigma and prejudice, low adherence, centralization of services, insufficient professional training, lack of a matrix support, hegemony of the biomedical and institutionalized model, and divergence between care policies and practices. These results are expected to contribute to the formulation and implementation of policies and care practices for people who use drugs.

Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar estrategias adoptadas por los profesionales que trabajan en la atención básica de salud, en un municipio de la región sur de Brasil, y analizar sus percepciones sobre factores facilitadores y dificultadores en el cuidado de personas con necesidades derivadas del uso de sustancias. Fue un estudio con un enfoque predominantemente cualitativo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 32 participantes para la recolección de datos cuantitativos y 11 para la recolección de datos cualitativos. Los datos fueron analizados mediante el Análisis de Contenido Temático-Categórico, utilizando el software NVivo 12. Los datos indicaron que las principales estrategias y factores facilitadores fueron la asistencia a demandas espontáneas, visita domiciliar, familia y acogida. A nivel de intervención, se evidenció la articulación de servicios y redes de apoyo, matriciamento, vínculo y multidisciplinariedad e interprofesionalidad como posibilidades y potencialidades en los procesos de trabajo. En cuanto a los factores dificultadores, hubo exceso de demandas, fragilidad de los vínculos, estigma y prejuicio, baja adherencia, centralización de los servicios, insuficiente formación profesional, falta de matriciamento, hegemonía del modelo biomédico y de institucionalización, divergencia entre políticas y prácticas de cuidado. Se espera que estos resultados contribuyan a la formulación e implementación de políticas y prácticas de cuidado para las personas que usan drogas.

Vivências de trabalho precoce de adolescentes em medida socioeducativa / Experience of child labor of adolescents complying with a social-educational measure / Vivencias de trabajo infantil de adolescentes en medidas socioeducativas

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a vivência de trabalho precoce de adolescentes e jovens em cumprimento de medida socioeducativa, no estado da Paraíba. Os instrumentos utilizados foram um Questionário Mosquito Diagnóstico e uma Entrevista Semiestruturada. A análise foi realizada com o software Iramuteq, (Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires), através da Análise Hierárquica Descendente, que gerou seis classes: significado do trabalho; infância e escola; condições objetivas de vida; trabalho, drogas e ato infracional; consequências do trabalho infantil; e trabalho infantojuvenil. A perspectiva teórica utilizada foi a psicologia histórico-cultural e os dados discutidos a partir do conceito de vivência. Conclui-se que as vivências e situações sociais de desenvolvimento foram caracterizadas pelo trabalho precoce que oportunizou o envolvimento com atos infracionais e as instituições responsáveis pela garantia de direitos em vez de garantir a proteção social, criminalizaram por meio de medidas socioeducativas.(AU)

This article aims to analyze the experience of child labor of adolescents and youngsters that are complying a social-educational measure, in the State of Paraíba. The instruments utilized were a Questionnaire Mosquito Diagnóstico and a Semi-Structured Interview. The analysis was performed by using the Iramuteq software (Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires), by using Descending Hierarchical Analysis, which generated six classes: meaning of labor; childhood and school; objective conditions of life; labor, drugs, and act of infraction; consequences of child labor; and child labor. The theoretical perspective used was historical-cultural psychology and the data were discussed from the concept of experience. It was concluded that the experiences and social situations of development were characterized by child labor, which enabled the involvement with acts of infraction; and the institutions responsible for guaranteeing rights, instead of guaranteeing social protection, criminalized by using social-educational measures.(AU)

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la vivencia precoz de adolescentes y jóvenes que cumplen medidas socioeducativas en el estado de Paraíba (Brasil). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron un Cuestionario Mosquito Diagnóstico y una entrevista semiestructurada. El análisis se realizó con el software Iramuteq (Interface de R pour les Multidimensionnelles Analyzes de Textes et de Questionnaires), mediante análisis jerárquico descendente, que generó seis clases: Significado del trabajo; Infancia y escuela; Condiciones objetivas de vida; Trabajo, drogas y acto de infracción; Consecuencias del trabajo infantil; y Trabajo infantojuvenil. La perspectiva teórica que se utilizó fue la psicología histórico-cultural, y los datos se discutieron desde el concepto de vivencia. Se concluye que las vivencias y situaciones sociales de desarrollo se caracterizaron por trabajo infantil que permitió la participación en infracciones y que las instituciones responsables de garantizar los derechos en lugar de la protección social los criminalizaron mediante medidas socioeducativas.(AU)

Educação permanente no sistema único de saúde: concepções de profissionais da gestão e dos serviços / Continuing permanent education in the brazilian national health system: conceptions from management and care professionals / Educación continua en el sistema único de salud brasileño: concepciones de los profesionales de gestión y servicios

Este artigo pretende compreender as concepções de profissionais da gestão e dos serviços do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) sobre Educação Permanente em Saúde (EPS), bem como seus desafios e potencialidades. Utilizou-se de grupo focal para coleta, seguido de análise lexical do tipo classificação hierárquica descendente com auxílio do software Iramuteq. Os resultados delinearam quatro classes: a) EPS - entendimentos e expectativas; b) entraves à EPS; c) ETSUS e EPS por meio de cursos e capacitações; e d) dispositivos de EPS: potencialidades e desafios. Os participantes apontaram equívocos de entendimentos acerca da EPS ao equipará-la à Educação Continuada (EC) voltada à transferência de conteúdo, com repercussões negativas na prática de EPS. Discute-se o risco em centralizar o responsável pela concretização dessa proposta, que deveria ser coletiva e compartilhada entre diferentes atores. Reivindica-se, portanto, uma produção colaborativa, que possa circular entre os envolvidos, de modo que cada um experimente esse lugar e se aproprie da complexidade de interações propiciadas pela Educação Permanente em Saúde.(AU)

This article aims to understand the conceptions of professionals from the management and services of the Unified Health System (SUS) on Permanent Education in Health (EPS), as well as its challenges and potential. A focus group was used for data collection, followed by a lexical analysis of the descending hierarchical classification type using the Iramuteq software. The results delineated four classes: a) EPS - understandings and expectations; b) obstacles to EPS; c) ETSUS and EPS by courses and training; and d) EPS devices: potentialities and challenges. Participants pointed out misunderstandings about EPS, when equating it with Continuing Education (CE) focused on content transfer, with negative repercussions on EPS practice. The risk of centralizing the person responsible for implementing this proposal, which should be collective and shared among different actors, is discussed. Therefore, a collaborative production is claimed for, which can circulate among those involved, so that each one experiences this place and appropriates the complexity of interactions provided by Permanent Education in Health.(AU)

Este artículo tiene por objetivo comprender las concepciones de los profesionales de la gestión y servicios del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) sobre Educación Continua en Salud (EPS), así como sus desafíos y potencialidades. Se utilizó un grupo focal para la recolección de datos, seguido por un análisis léxico del tipo clasificación jerárquica descendente con la ayuda del software Iramuteq. Los resultados delinearon cuatro clases: a) EPS: entendimientos y expectativas, b) Barreras para EPS, c) ETSUS y EPS a través de cursos y capacitación, y d) Dispositivos EPS: potencialidades y desafíos. Los participantes informaron que existen malentendidos sobre EPS al equipararla a Educación Continua, con repercusiones negativas en la práctica de EPS, orientada a la transferencia de contenidos. Se discute el riesgo de elegir a un solo organismo como responsable de implementar esta propuesta colectiva, que debería ser colectiva y compartida entre los diferentes actores. Se aboga por un liderazgo colaborativo, que pueda circular entre los involucrados, para que cada uno experimente este lugar y se apropie de la complejidad de interacciones que brinda la Educación Continua en Salud.(AU)

Concepções e práticas dos agentes comunitários de saúde direcionadas a demanda de álcool e outras drogas no território da Borborema potiguar / Community Health agents' practices and conceptions regarding alcohol and other drugs in the potiguar Borborema

Resumo É possível perceber que na história múltiplas substâncias psicoativas foram usadas por indivíduos devido a diversos motivos, sentidos e contextos. Ao abordar essa temática, torna-se imprescindível compreender de que modo essa demanda chega aos serviços do Sistema Único de Saúde, especialmente na Atenção Primária à Saúde, e como estabelece ligação com a Redução de Danos. Diante disso, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar como essa demanda impacta na Atenção Primária à Saúde diante da perspectiva dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde. A pesquisa ocorreu em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde em uma cidade do interior do Rio Grande do Norte. Para abordar e interpretar os dados, optou-se por uma abordagem qualitativa, na perspectiva teórico metodológica da Análise Institucional, com ênfase na pesquisa-intervenção. Os instrumentos utilizados foram roda de conversa, entrevistas individuais e diário de pesquisa. Conforme os resultados, constatou-se o cuidado direcionado pelo saber biomédico, hospitalocêntrico, restritivo e segregador do cuidado, os quais envolvem processos fragmentados de trabalho num contexto imerso por desigualdades sociais e muita violência. Ademais, foi exposto como esses profissionais percebem a procura dos usuários no serviço em que atuam, com limites de diversas ordens, repletos de medos, tensões e silenciamentos em torno da complexidade da atuação no território.

Abstract Historically, humans have used multiple psychoactive substances for a myriad of reasons, meanings, and in different contexts. When discussing this topic, it is essential toone must understand how this demand reaches Brazilian National Health System services, especially in Primary Health Care, and how it relates to Harm Reduction. Thus, this research analyzes how this demand impacts Primary Health Care as perceived by Community Health Agents. An intervention research was conducted in a Basic Health Unit in a municipality from Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Data were collected by means of conversation circles, individual interviews and a research diary and examined by Institutional Analysis. Results showed a hospital-centered, biomedical, restrictive and segregating care involving fragmented work processes in a context social inequalities and violence. Moreover, professionals perceived user demand as limited by various elements such as fear, tensions and silencing regarding the complexity of acting in the territory.

Práticas psicológicas nos Creas do interior do RS: o olhar de trabalhadoras(es) / Psychological practices on CREAS in the countryside of the state of Rio Grande do Sul: perspectives of workers / Prácticas psicológicas en CREAS en el interior de Rio Grande do Sul: perspectiva de trabajadoras/es

O presente texto tem o objetivo de explanar ações desempenhadas por psicólogas(os) trabalhadoras(es) dos Centros de Referência Especializados de Assistência Social (Creas), em situações de violência intrafamiliar, identificadas a partir do estude empírico realizado por mim, psicóloga pesquisadora, também trabalhadora de um Creas. Participaram da pesquisa doze psicólogas(os), trabalhadoras(es) destes centros, em sete municípios do interior do Rio Grande do Sul, onde foram realizadas, presencialmente, as entrevistas. A análise dos dados apontou para uma compreensão metodológica a partir de três dimensões já apontadas na bibliografia, sendo elas: a) Acolhida Inicial, que demonstra que esses profissionais geralmente iniciam suas práticas com uma família ou indivíduo indo ao encontro destes, buscando a vinculação dos mesmos com o serviço; b) Acompanhamento Especializado, onde essas(es) trabalhadoras(es) desenvolvem suas práticas com diversidade e criatividade, a partir de visitas domiciliares, trabalhos com grupos, indivíduos ou famílias, geralmente em conjunto com outros profissionais, principalmente assistentes sociais; c) Articulação com a Rede, onde se identificou um importante movimento para o trabalho em conjunto com outros serviços disponíveis no território. Por fim, as considerações finais indicam que ainda há um caminho a ser trilhado com relação à definição das práticas dos psicólogos no Creas. Porém, há muito que se falar a respeito de práticas que já estão ocorrendo. Assim, tornam-se relevantes as pesquisas acadêmicas nesse contexto, pois ao inserir os profissionais psicólogos trabalhadores da política, eles podem promover uma articulação entre a produção do fazer cotidiano e a reflexão teórica e acadêmica sustentada pelas pesquisas.(AU)

This study aims to explore the activities developed by psychologists from the Centros de Referência de Atenção Especializada (CREAS - Brazilian Specialized Social Assistance Reference Centers), regarding situations of intrafamily violence identified by me, the author, a research psychologist and, CREAS worker. Participants include 12 psychologists who work on such centers from 7 cities in the countryside of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, where the interviews were conducted in person. The data analysis pointed toward a methodological comprehension based on 3 dimensions that have already been mentioned in the literature: the Initial Approach, which shows that these workers usually initiate their practices with a family or an individual by going after them, seeking bond development with the service. The Specialized Follow-up, in which these workers develop their practices with diversity and creativity, through home visits and activities with group, family or individual, often with other workers, such as social assistance workers. And the Network Articulation, in which a significant movement toward working with the public services available on each territory is identified. Finally, there is still a path to be taken regarding the definition of psychological practices on CREAS, however, there is much to be noticed of what has already been occurring. Thus, academic research on such context is relevant since the inclusion of psychologists who work in this policy may promote an articulation between daily activity and the theoretical and academic reflection, supported by the research.(AU)

Este texto tuvo por objetivo explicar las acciones desarrolladas por psicólogas/os trabajadoras/es en los "Centros de Referência Especializados de Assistência Social" (CREAS) (Centros de Referencia Especializados en Asistencia Social), respecto a las situaciones de violencia intrafamiliar, identificadas por un estudio empírico hecho por una psicóloga-investigadora que actúa en un CREAS. Participaron 12 psicólogas/os que trabajan en estos centros, en siete ciudades del interior de Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil), donde se llevó a cabo las entrevistas en persona. El análisis de datos apuntó a una comprensión metodológica de tres dimensiones ya destacadas en la bibliografía: la Acogida Inicial, que enseña que estos profesionales generalmente empiezan sus prácticas con una familia o individuo buscando el encuentro para la promoción de la vinculación con el servicio; El Seguimiento Especializado, en el que desarrollan sus prácticas con diversidad y creatividad desde visitas domiciliarias, trabajos con grupos, individuos o familias, generalmente junto a otros profesionales, sobre todo con trabajadores sociales; y Articulación con la Red de Servicios, en la cual se identificó un importante movimiento para el trabajo con otros servicios disponibles en el territorio. Por fin, se observa que todavía hay un camino por recorrer en relación a la definición de las prácticas de psicólogos en CREAS, aunque hay mucho que decir respecto a las prácticas que ya están ocurriendo. Así, se vuelven relevantes las investigaciones académicas en ese contexto por introducir a los profesionales psicólogos trabajadores de la política, las cuales pueden promover una articulación entre la producción del hacer cotidiano y la reflexión teórica y académica sustentada por las investigaciones.(AU)

Situação-limite: por outro olhar sobre a violência em um Caps AD / Limit-situation: for another look on the violence in a CAPS AD / Situación límite: otra mirada sobre la violencia en un Caps AD

Este relato de experiência, situado no campo do cuidado a pessoas usuárias de álcool e outras drogas em contextos marcados por violência, tem como objetivo explorar os limites, desafios e caminhos possíveis, em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas (Caps AD III), para a sustentação de um cuidado orientado pela compreensão das pessoas usuárias do Caps a partir da sua existência, sofrimento e relação com o corpo social, mesmo diante de comportamentos tidos como violentos. De caráter qualitativo, o percurso de pesquisa foi conduzido por meio de dois recursos metodológicos: o relato de experiência, referente à trajetória de uma das autoras no Programa de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde Mental do Instituto de Psiquiatria da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), e a metodologia caso traçador ou usuário-guia. O trabalho de cuidar de pessoas expostas à necropolítica exige um posicionamento ético dos trabalhadores de saúde mental de engendrar processos de resistências e produção de vida. Pela radicalidade que é vivenciá-la, a violência comparece como um elemento dificultador desse trabalho para os profissionais, fazendo com que, diante do desamparo, por vezes utilizem lógicas disciplinares para conseguir lidar com esse fenômeno. Propõe-se abordar as cenas nomeadas como violentas nos Caps com base na noção de situação-limite, retirando a situação da malha de sentidos que acompanha a palavra e remete a práticas disciplinares e ao contexto da violência urbana. Essa mudança de paradigma abre a possibilidade de que os trabalhadores se incluam nas situações, as entendam como relacionadas à complexidade e à singularidade da existência das pessoas envolvidas e, assim, proponham soluções produtoras de vida.(AU)

This experience report, situated in the field of care for people who use alcohol and other drugs in contexts marked by violence, aims to explore the limits, challenges, and possible paths, at a Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and Drugs (CAPS AD III), to support care guided by the knowledge of CAPS users based on their existence, suffering, and relationship with the social body, even in the face of behaviors considered to be violent. The path of this qualitative research was conducted with two methodological resources: the experience report, referring to the trajectory of one of the authors at the Multiprofessional Residency Program in Mental Health at the Institute of Psychiatry at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), and the methodology of case tracer or user-guide. The work of caring for people exposed to necropolitics requires an ethical positioning of mental health workers to build resistance processes and life production. Due to it is radical to experience, violence appears as a complicating element of this work for the professionals, forcing them to, due to the lack of support, occasionally use disciplinary reasoning to deal with this phenomenon. This study proposes to approach violent scenarios in the CAPS under the guise of limit-situation, withdrawing the situation from the web of meanings that accompany the word and refer to disciplinary actions and the context of urban violence. This paradigmatic change opens the path for workers to include themselves in these situations, to understand their relationship with the complexity and singularity of the existence of the implicated people, and thus offer solutions that produce life.(AU)

Este reporte de experiencia se sitúa en el área de la atención a las personas que consumen alcohol y otras drogas en contexto de violencia y tiene por objetivo explorar los límites, desafíos y caminos posibles en un Centro de Atención Psicosocial Alcohol y Drogas (Caps AD III), para ofrecer un cuidado a los usuarios basado en la comprensión de las personas usuarias del Caps considerando su existencia, sufrimiento y relación con el cuerpo social, incluso ante situaciones violentas. Esta es una investigación cualitativa que se basó en dos recursos metodológicos: el reporte de experiencia sobre la trayectoria de una de las autoras en el Programa de Residencia Multiprofesional en Salud Mental de la Universidad Federal de Río de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ) y de la metodología del caso trazador o usuario guía. La labor de asistir a las personas expuestas a la necropolítica requiere un posicionamiento ético de los profesionales de la salud mental de producir vida y procesos de resistencia. Por la radicalidad de la experiencia, la violencia es un obstáculo para el trabajo de los profesionales, lo que los llevan a actuar de forma disciplinaria para hacer frente a este fenómeno. Se propone aquí abordar las escenas violentas bajo la noción de situación límite en el Caps, sacando del contexto la red semántica que acompaña la palabra y alude a las prácticas disciplinarias y la violencia urbana. Este cambio de paradigma permite que los trabajadores se incluyan en las situaciones, las comprendan en relación con la complejidad y la singularidad de la existencia de las personas y propongan soluciones que produzcan vida.(AU)

Sobre dias em que me senti sem ar: desassossegos do pesquisar / On days when i felt breathless: unrest of search / Sobre días que me sentí sin aliento: disurbios de investigación

Resumo Conceitos como o de alteridade, encontro de saberes, polifasia cognitiva, o princípio de familiaridade e de representações sociais operaram na complexa tarefa de compreender como os encontros entre profissionais e usuários sustentavam e/ou transformavam as práticas de acolhimento. Entretanto, a experiência da minha pesquisa de doutorado me levou a questionar os próprios conceitos utilizados da Teoria das Representações Sociais. Ao final do ensaio, após discutir aspectos teórico-metodológicos, o princípio de familiaridade e a questão da tensão e dos afetos nas representações sociais, espero evidenciar como o movimento provocado pelo encontro com usuários e profissionais de uma Rede de Atenção Psicossocial levou-me a questionar pontos essenciais da teoria: o papel domesticador das representações, a forma ainda estática de evidenciar os fenômenos, a separação entre um sujeito que representa e o objeto representado e a dificuldade em usar suas ferramentas conceituais para acompanhar processos me fazem repensar meu lugar e minha função de pesquisador.

Abstract Concepts such as alterity, encounter of knowledge, cognitive polyphasia, the principle of familiarity and the very concept of social representations operated in the complex task of understanding how the encounters between professionals and users supported and / or transformed user embracement practices. However, the experience of my doctoral research led me to question the very concepts used in the Theory of Social Representations. At the end of the essay, after discussing theoretical and methodological aspects, the principle of familiarity and the issue of tension and affects in social representations, I hope to show how the movement caused by the encounter with users and professionals of a Psychosocial Care Network, led me to question essential points of the theory: the domesticating role of representations, the still static way of showing phenomena, the separation between a subject that represents and the object represented and the difficulty in using their conceptual tools to accompany processes makes me rethink my place and role as a researcher.

Resumen Conceptos como la alteridad, el encuentro de saberes, la polifasia cognitiva, el principio de familiaridad y el concepto mismo de representaciones sociales operaron en la compleja tarea de comprender cómo los encuentros entre profesionales y usuarios apoyaron y / o transformaron las prácticas de acogimiento. Sin embargo, la experiencia de mi investigación doctoral me llevó a cuestionar los propios conceptos utilizados en la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales. Al final del ensayo, después de discutir aspectos teóricos y metodológicos, el principio de familiaridad y el tema de tensión y afectos en las representaciones sociales, Espero mostrar cómo el movimiento provocado por el encuentro con usuarios y profesionales de una Red de Atención Psicosocial, me llevó a cuestionar puntos esenciales de la teoría: el rol domesticador de las representaciones, la forma todavía estática de mostrar los fenómenos, la separación entre un sujeto que representa y el objeto representado y la dificultad para utilizar sus herramientas conceptuales para acompañar procesos, me hace repensar mi lugar y rol como investigador.

Addressing the mental health needs and burdens of children fleeing war: a field update from ongoing mental health and psychosocial support efforts at the Ukrainian border.

Background: The ongoing horrors of the war in Ukraine have led to enormous consequences: loss of life, severe injuries, and mass movements of civilians. Exposure to war, living in conflict zones, and forced displacement increase the risk of experiencing a broad spectrum of direct and indirect burdens towards physical and mental health, in particular among children. Objective: This letter to the editor aims to provide multiple clinical and 'mental health and psychosocial support' (MHPSS) systems' perspectives by experts working in ongoing aid efforts to bridge and disseminate their current observations towards child and adolescent mental health services involved in the mental health response to the current war in Ukraine. Results and Discussion: The diverse perspectives from three mental health professionals involved in the MHPSS response highlight the different burdens and needs of children being confronted with situations of an existential nature. Children live through transformed social situations, deteriorated life conditions, general uncertainty, and encounter numerous losses. As such, war is the ultimate non-normative and existential stressor. The four perspectives highlight the need to: (1) adjust help toward the needs of the beneficiary, (2) understand help efforts as intersubjective human encounters and enable parents and caregivers in these encounters, (3) recognise losses and embrace finding ways to facilitate grief, and (4) continue to address these needs in a coordinated way that follows inter-agency guidelines. Conclusion: Better understanding the needs of refugee children underlines the importance of investing in their future by providing resources for humanitarian aid and psychosocial interventions during sustained emergencies. The perspectives presented in this letter emphasise that psychosocial care is deeply rooted in intersubjective help-encounters and, therefore, a professionalisation of interventions should co-occur with their humanisation and be adapted to subjective needs, varying sociocultural backgrounds, and the individuals themselves with the goal of reducing suffering and fostering well-being. HIGHLIGHTS: The three expert humanitarian aid perspectives highlight the need to: adjust help toward the needs of the beneficiary,understand help efforts as intersubjective human encounters and enable parents and caregivers in these encounters,recognise losses and embrace finding ways to facilitate grief, andcontinue to address these needs in a coordinated way that follows inter-agency guidelines.

Antecedentes: Los horrores que están ocurriendo en la guerra en Ucrania han conducido a consecuencias tremendas en términos de pérdidas de vidas, heridas graves, y de movimientos masivos de ciudadanos. Vivir en zonas de conflicto, estar expuestos a la guerra y ser forzados a desplazarse, aumenta el riesgo de experimentar un amplio espectro de consecuencias directas e indirectas sobre la salud física y mental de las poblaciones afectadas, especialmente en los niños.Objetivo: Esta carta al director busca proveer múltiples perspectivas clínicas y de sistemas de apoyo psicosocial y de salud mental en servicios de urgencia (MHPSS, por sus siglas en inglés) en relación a los esfuerzos de ayuda que se están realizando, y discutirlos con una perspectiva de asistencia informada sobre el trauma, para conectar y diseminar las actuales observaciones de las prácticas clínicas y MHPSS involucradas en la respuesta de salud mental actual.Resultados y discusión: Las diversas perspectivas de tres profesionales de la salud mental involucrados en la respuesta de los MHPSS destacan las diferentes cargas y necesidades de niños que han sido confrontados con situaciones de naturaleza existencial. Los niños viviendo situaciones sociales en transformación, condiciones de vida deterioradas y la incertidumbre general al encontrarse con numerosas pérdidas. Como tal, la guerra es el máximo estresor existencial no normativo. Los cuatro puntos de vista destacan la necesidad de: (1) ajustar la ayuda según las necesidades del beneficiario, (2) comprender los esfuerzos de ayuda como encuentros humanos intersubjetivos e incluir en ellos a los padres y cuidadores, (3) reconocer las pérdidas y adoptar la búsqueda de maneras para facilitar el duelo, y (4) continuar abordando estas necesidades de una forma coordinada que siga guías clínicas interinstitucionales.Conclusión: Una mejor comprensión de las necesidades de los niños refugiados subraya la importancia de invertir en su futuro proveyéndolos de recursos de ayuda humanitaria e intervenciones psicosociales durante emergencias prolongadas. Estas perspectivas presentadas en esta carta enfatizan que el cuidado psicosocial está profundamente arraigado en encuentros de ayuda intersubjetivos y, por lo tanto, debería ocurrir una profesionalización de las intervenciones junto con su humanización, y ser adaptados a las necesidades subjetivas, a los trasfondos socioculturales variados, y a los individuos mismos con el objetivo de disminuir el sufrimiento y fomentando el bienestar.

Plan nacional de Salud Rural / Plano Nacional de Saúde Rural

El presente documento desarrolla los contenidos del Plan Nacional de Salud Rural (PNSR), de conformidad con lo estipulado en el Acuerdo final para la terminación del conflicto y la construcción de una paz estable y duradera (2016) (en adelante, Acuerdo Final) y la Política de Paz con Legalidad desarrollada por el Presidente Iván Duque Márquez, y los instrumentos de planeación que posteriormente se desarrollen en los siguientes cuatrienios. El Acuerdo Final establece que para materializar una Reforma Rural Integral (RRI) es necesario el diseño y ejecución de planes nacionales sectoriales cuyo objetivo central sea el cierre de las brechas entre el campo y la ciudad y la superación de la pobreza y la desigualdad. De ahí que en el numeral 1.3.2.1 del Acuerdo Final se contemple la creación e implementación de un PNSR "con el propósito de acercar la oferta de servicios de salud a las comunidades". Esta tarea es fundamental, toda vez que el goce efectivo del derecho fundamental a la salud en las zonas rurales y, en particular en las más afectadas por la violencia, hace parte integral de un proceso sostenible de construcción de paz. Simultáneamente, la superación del conflicto armado configura una coyuntura única para el afianzamiento de intervenciones de salud en dichas zonas y el desarrollo de modelos de salud territorialmente diferenciados. Se trata pues de un círculo virtuoso de salud para la paz y paz para la salud. Esta visión se incorpora plenamente al marco de política y planeación que la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) ha denominado "la salud como un puente para la paz" (WHO, 1997) y que, con base en diversas experiencias internacionales de tránsito hacia la paz, destaca, entre otras, la importancia de la cobertura efectiva en salud para todos (personas víctimas, personas en proceso de reincorporación, comunidades) en la prevención de nuevos ciclos de violencia. Bajo este marco, el presente documento se estructura de la siguiente forma: En primer lugar, se identifica la importancia de la salud rural para el desarrollo y la construcción de paz en el país. Para ello, se vale de un diagnóstico sobre los efectos del conflicto armado en la salud y un análisis de las brechas de salud existentes entre el campo y la ciudad, precisamente aquello que el Plan procura revertir.