Comunicação de notícias difíceis na atenção básica / Communication of difficult news in basic attention / Comunicación de noticias difíciles en la atención básica

Objetivo: Conhecer como ocorre a comunicação de notícias difíceis por enfermeiros na atenção básica. Método: pesquisa exploratória, descritiva e de abordagem qualitativa com 15 Enfermeiros de 10 Unidades Básicas de Saúde no sul do país. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os dados foram analisados conforme análise textual discursiva. Resultado: Foram geradas duas categorias: Comunicação como suporte as necessidades do cliente; Comunicação como elemento a suprir a demanda da atenção primária. Conclusão: os enfermeiros adotam alguns aspectos no momento da comunicação de notícia difícil, aspectos esses ancorados, por exemplo, através de empatia, compreensão da realidade do usuário, fala simplificada, privacidade, entre outros, sendo esses essenciais para uma comunicação adequada e humanizada que visa o conforto do usuário nesse momento da comunicação

Objective: To know how the communication of difficult news by nurses in primary care occurs. Method: exploratory, descriptive and qualitative approach with 15 Nurses from 10 Basic Health Units in the south of the country. Data collection was done through semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed according to discursive textual analysis. Result: two categories were generated: Communication as support the client's needs; Communication as an element to supply the demand for primary care. Conclusion: nurses adopt some aspects at the moment of difficult news communication, aspects that are anchored, for example through empathy, understanding of the user's reality, simplified speech, privacy, among others, being essential for adequate and humanized communication that aims at the comfort of the user in this moment of communication

Objetivo: Conocer cómo ocurre la comunicación de noticias difíciles por enfermeros en la atención básica. Método: investigación exploratoria, descriptiva y de abordaje cualitativo con 15 Enfermeros de 10 Unidades Básicas de Salud en el sur del país. La recolección de datos se realizó a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas. Los datos fueron analizados según el análisis textual discursivo. Resultado: se generaron dos categorías: Comunicación como soporte a las necesidades del cliente; Comunicación como elemento a suplir la demanda de la atención primaria. Conclusión: los enfermeros adoptan algunos aspectos en el momento de la comunicación de noticias difícil, aspectos anclados, por ejemplo, a través de empatía, comprensión de la realidad del usuario, habla simplificada, privacidad, entre otros, siendo estos esenciales para una comunicación adecuada y humanizada que, se refiere a la comodidad del usuario en ese momento de la comunicación

Covid-19: Ethical Challenges for Nurses.

The Covid-19 pandemic has highlighted many of the difficult ethical issues that health care professionals confront in caring for patients and families. The decisions such workers face on the front lines are fraught with uncertainty for all stakeholders. Our focus is on the implications for nurses, who are the largest global health care workforce but whose perspectives are not always fully considered. This essay discusses three overarching ethical issues that create a myriad of concerns and will likely affect nurses globally in unique ways: the safety of nurses, patients, colleagues, and families; the allocation of scarce resources; and the changing nature of nurses' relationships with patients and families. We urge policy-makers to ensure that nurses' voices and perspectives are integrated into both local and global decision-making so as to minimize the structural injustices many nurses have faced to date. Finally, we urge nurses to seek sources of support throughout this pandemic.

Relationships and burden: An empirical-ethical investigation of lived experience in home nursing arrangements.

Quantitative research has called attention to the burden associated with informal caregiving in home nursing arrangements. Less emphasis has been placed, however, on care recipients' subjective feelings of being a burden and on caregivers' willingness to carry the burden in home care. This article uses empirical material from semi-structured interviews conducted with older people affected by multiple chronic conditions and in need of long-term home care, and with informal and professional caregivers, as two groups of relevant others. The high burden of home-care arrangements is unanimously stressed by all three groups involved in the triangle of care. An empirical-ethical investigation of what can be legitimately expected from family members and informal caregivers, informed by Frith's symbiotic empirical ethics approach, was undertaken. Key tenets from the special goods theory and nursing professionalism are used as analytical tools. The study concludes that the current situation may hinder professional development and can reinforce feelings of being a burden to relevant others.

Direct-to-consumer advertising effects on nurse-patient relationship, authority, and prescribing appropriateness.

BACKGROUND:: Discussing direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription drugs during a visit could affect prescribing practices and provider-patient relationship. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES:: The study examines advanced practice nurse prescribers' perceptions of direct-to-consumer advertising and its effects on nurse-patient relationship, prescriptive authority, and appropriateness of patient clinical requests. RESEARCH DESIGN:: A cross-sectional survey design was implemented. PARTICIPANTS AND RESEARCH CONTEXT:: The random sample consisted of 316 nurses (27.17% response rate) in one of the Midwestern states in the United States. Pearson's chi-square analysis and multiple/multinomial logistic regression analyses were used. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS:: Permission to conduct the study was obtained from the university's Institutional Review Board. Participation was voluntary, and measures were taken to protect the anonymity and confidentiality of consenting participants. FINDINGS:: Most nurses (69%) believed that patients were "poor or very poor" at assessing the relevance of drug advertisements, 61% reported that the increase in drugs advertisements directed at patient was "a bad or a very bad thing," and only 16% thought the advertisements were accurate to "a very or to a great extent." Improved nurse-patient relationship was associated with factors such as the patient not bringing printed material, seeking nurse's opinion only, taking responsibility for their health, and not challenging nurse's prescriptive authority. DISCUSSION:: Advertising discussion during a visit could improve as well as pose a challenge to a nurse-patient relationship and nurse's prescriptive authority. CONCLUSION:: The positives of discussing advertising information can be maximized and the negatives minimized through enhanced interpersonal nurse-patient communication.

["There can be no unnecessary risks"]. / « Il ne saurait y avoir de risque inutile ¼.

The psychoanalytical point of view regarding the notion of risks helps us to understand the concept of transference and counter transference. Practice analysis groups provide an opportunity for collective discussion and the sharing of experience of clinical situations. Interview with Didier Gauchy, a psychiatrist-psychoanalyst in Lyon.

Privacidade e confidencialidade em saúde na vigilância epidemiológica: relato de experiência sob o olhar bioético / Privacy and confidentiality in health in epidemiological surveillance: experience report on bioethical look

Durante experiência de trabalho em vigilância epidemiológica, na Bahia, entre as atividades desenvolvidas, destaca-se a notificação compulsória de agravos e doenças. O estudo da disciplina Bioética em Ciência da Saúde, do Programa de Pós Graduação em Enfermagem e Saúde, nível de Mestrado, mobilizou-nos à retomada de vivências cotidianas nos serviços de saúde que envolve questões bioéticas e que merece reflexão crítica. O presente estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver uma reflexão, segundo a perspectiva bioética, sobre a experiência vivenciada, envolvendo privacidade e confidencialidade em saúde, no contexto da vigilânciaepidemiológica. Trata-se de estudo descritivo da vivência em atividade de notificação compulsória no serviço de vigilância epidemiológica da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de município da Bahia, no período de novembro de 2011 a março de 2013. Permitiu-nos perceber que a negligência na aplicação de princípios bioéticos no âmbito da notificação compulsória pode interferir na saúde do usuário, pois não garante a integridade de seus direitos e reflete a inadequação da ambiência para os atendimentos e o despreparo dos profissionais, no que se refere ao conhecimento teórico-prático de bioética

During work experience in epidemiological surveillance, Bahia, between the activities, there is mandatory reporting of injuries and Illnesses. The study of the discipline of Health Scienc and in Bioethics, the Graduate Program in Nursing and Health, Master level, mobilized us to the resumption of daily experiences in health services Involving bioethical issues que deserve critical reflection. The present study Aimed to develop the reflection, According to bioethical perspective on the lived experience Involving privacy and confidentiality in health, in the context of epidemiological surveillance. This is a descriptive study of the experience of Mandator y reporting on activity in the epidemiological surveillance service of the Municipal Health Secretariat of the state of Bahia, in the period november 2011 to march 2013.Allowed us to perform que negligence in the application of bioethical principles under compulsory notification may interfere with the health of the user, it does not guarantee the integrity of Their Rights and Reflects the inadequacy of ambience for consultations and the unpreparedness of professionals, with regard to the theoretical and practical knowledge of bioethics.

Human dignity in religion-embedded cross-cultural nursing.

BACKGROUND: Although human dignity is an unconditional value of every human being, it can be shattered by extrinsic factors. It is necessary to discover the authentic meaning of patients' dignity preservation from different religious perspectives to provide professional cross-cultural care in a diverse setting. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: This article identifies common experiences of Iranian Muslim and Armenian Christian patients regarding dignified care at the bedside. RESEARCH DESIGN: This is a qualitative study of participants' experiences of dignified care elicited by individual in-depth semi-structured interviews. PARTICIPANTS AND RESEARCH CONTEXT: A purposeful sample of 10 participants (five Iranian Muslims and five Iranian Armenians) from various private and governmental hospital settings was chosen. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS: This study was approved by the ethics committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All the participants were provided with information about the purpose and the nature of the study, the voluntary condition of their participation in this study, and the anonymous reporting of recorded interviews. FINDINGS: The common experiences of Christian and Muslim patients regarding dignity preservation emerged as "exigency of respecting human nobility" and "providing person-centered care." DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It is essential to recognize the humanness and individuality of each patient to preserve and promote human dignity in diverse cross-cultural settings. The findings support and expand current understanding about the objective and subjective nature of dignity preservation in cross-cultural nursing.

Ethical issues in cardiovascular risk management: Patients need nurses' support.

Involving patients in decisions on primary prevention can be questioned from an ethical perspective, due to a tension between health promotion activities and patient autonomy. A nurse-led intervention for prevention of cardiovascular diseases, including counselling (risk communication, and elements of shared decision-making and motivational interviewing) and supportive tools such as a decision aid, was implemented in primary care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nurse-led intervention from an ethical perspective by exploring in detail the experiences of patients with the intervention, and their views on the role of both the nurse and patient. The study had a qualitative design. 18 patients who had received the intervention participated. Data were gathered by in-depth interviews. The interviews were analysed using directed content analysis. The findings revealed that patients perceived the consultations not as an infringement on their autonomy, but as supportive to risk reduction efforts they tried but found hard to realise. They specifically emphasised the role of the nurse, and appreciated the nurse's realistic advice, encouragement, and help in understanding. Patients' views on and experiences with risk management are in line with notions of relational autonomy, caring cooperation and communicative action found in the literature. We conclude that patients define the relationship with the nurse as shared work in the process of developing a healthier lifestyle.

Considering boundaries in nursing: what the staff nurse needs to know.

This article considers the ethics of boundaries and nursing practice. The nurse's role as a "carer" is reflected in the context of boundary setting, boundary crossing, and boundary violation. This issue is redeveloped within the new perspective of the nurse's use of social media and boundary crossing. National and international regulations are discussed and individual cases assessed. The Nurses Code of Ethics is used as a framework. The American Nurses Association material on social media is reviewed.

[Nursing ethics and the access to nursing care]. / Pflegeethik und die sorge um den zugang zu pflege.

The increasing number of ethical issues highlighted in everyday nursing care demonstrates the connectedness between nursing ethics and nursing practice. However, what is the role of ethical theories in this context? This question will be examined in this article by analysing the contribution made by the ethics of care, in particular in understandings of gender roles, asymmetries of power, professional knowledge and experience. The adoption and criticism of an emergent nursing ethics is discussed and stated from different viewpoints. The actuality of the caring approach is affirmed by a new reading of the given situation. This article first describes the traditional perception of nurses as marginalised actors in the health sector. By making reference to the current and growing global scarcity of nursing care, it contends that nursing will no longer be marginalised, but instead at the centre of public health attention and reputation. Nevertheless, marginalisation will persist by increasingly affecting the care receivers, especially those groups that are pushed to the fringes by the consequences of the healthcare market, such as persons of extreme old age, suffering from multiple morbidities, or with poor health literacy. Whereas the "classical" understanding of the ethics of care focuses on the nurse-patient relationship and on individual care and understanding of ethics, the new understanding confirms the classical, but adds an understanding of social ethics: caring for the access to care is seen as a main ethical goal of social justice within a nursing ethic.

Respect in the care of older patients in acute hospitals.

The aim of this study was to describe the experiences of older patients and their next of kin with regards to respect in the care given in an acute hospital. The data were collected using tape-recorded interviews (10 patients and 10 next of kin) and analysed via inductive content analysis. Based on the analysis, the concept of respect can be defined by the actions taken by nurses (polite behaviour, the patience to listen, reassurance, response to information needs, assistance in basic needs, provision of pain relief, response to wishes and time management) and next of kin (support, assistance and advocacy) and by factors related to the environment (appreciation of older people in society, management of health-care organizations, the nursing culture, the flow of information and patient placement). The information will be used to develop an instrument for assessing how well respect is maintained in the care of older patients.

Patients' perception of dignity in Iranian healthcare settings: a qualitative content analysis.

PURPOSE: The importance of recognising patient dignity has been realised in recent years. Despite being a central phenomenon in medicine, dignity is a controversial concept, the definition of which in healthcare centres is influenced by a multitude of factors. The aim of this study was to explore the perspective of Iranian patients on respect for their dignity in healthcare centres. METHODS: With the use of purposeful sampling, 20 patients were interviewed over an 11-month period in three educational hospitals affiliated with the government. They were questioned about experiences related to respect for their dignity during their hospital encounter. Data were processed by qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: Data analysis identified nine categories and four themes. Respondents expressed their expectations and attitudes about dignity by the following themes: seeking a haven; disrespecting privacy; communicating in a vacuum; and disregard for secondary caregivers. They described how respect for their privacy, effective communication, access to facilities, and a regard for the requirements of their companions made them feel that their dignity had been conserved. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that almost no patient is satisfied with the quality of services with respect to maintenance of their dignity. Regardless of their hospital location and state of health, most participants had common complaints. These findings agree with the literature and confirm that grounds should be provided for conserving dignity in the healthcare system. To reach this goal, healthcare professionals should be aware of the factors that violate or preserve dignity from the patient's perspective.

Personal and professional values grading among midwifery students.

The purpose of this study was to determine the professional and personal values among midwifery students in Turkey and to identify whether the years of study affected these values. A total of 192 participants were asked to prioritize 16 professional and 36 personal values. The relationship between the year of study and value ranking was analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test. The first three of the professional values were justice, equality, and human dignity. Equality ranked sixth among the personal terminal values, and it increased with the years of study. Of personal instrumental values, responsibility and cleanliness ranked second and fifth, which are of central importance for the profession of midwifery. However, the other two important values, privacy and preventing unnecessary suffering, ranked lower when the years of study increased, in other words when the students confront clinics. Since these values are important for midwifery, ethics courses should be given throughout the midwifery education to prepare students for the challenges they face in the clinical environment.

The value ground of nursing.

The aim of this literature study was to suggest a value ground for nursing anchored in two ethical principles: the principle of human value and the right to experience a meaningful life. Previous nursing research between the years 2000 and 2009 was analysed. Presented values suggested in this value ground are thus in line with the nursing context and science of today. Statements within ethical literature have been used in order to formulate arguments aimed at supporting the values that were found in the study. In the literature study six values were found: trust, nearness, sympathy, support, knowledge and responsibility. These values hold equal status and are not presented in hierarchical order. They vary due to the persons involved, nursing situations and cultural surroundings, but have the common requirement of being non-excluding. In order to implement the values within the value ground, two prerequisites are discussed and claimed as essential: ethical dialogue and a caring encounter between care provider and patients.

Time to disable the labels that disable: the power of words in nursing and health care with women, children, and families.

Nursing is grounded in communication with others, yet rarely are the words critiqued. Despite an ethical call to honor diversity, promote empowerment, and to do no harm, some of the language used in health care reflects historical prejudices, reductionism, and/or the overarching authority of medical or moral models. This article exposes some of the "harsh words" nurses sometimes unconsciously use, and it suggests alternatives. Influenced by an ethic of social justice and the ethic of relationship with others, an attempt will be made to explore nursing language with women and children. Implications for nursing philosophy and practice will be discussed.