RESUMO
Sasanqua saponin is a major active compound in the defatted seeds of Camellia oleifera but is always discarded without effective utilization. The sapogenin from hydrolysis of sasanqua saponin was purified, and its amination derivative was investigated on its neuroprotective effects, which were evaluated by animal models of Parkinson disease in mice induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). The results showed that the sapogenin and its derivative increased dopamine content in striatum and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive cells in substantia nigra and relieved inflammation and behavioral disorder, but the effect on movement was reversed by dopamine receptor antagonist haloperidol and was not intervened by adenosine receptor antagonist CGS 15943. Molecular simulation showed the interaction between dopamine receptor and the sapogenin or its derivative. It is proven that the sapogenin can protect dopamine neurons through antineuroinflammation and activation of dopamine receptor rather than adenosine receptor, and its amination improves the effects. This research provides the prospective prodrugs for Parkinson disease and a new medicinal application of sasanqua saponin.
Assuntos
Camellia/química , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Neurônios Dopaminérgicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/uso terapêutico , Doença de Parkinson/prevenção & controle , Sapogeninas/uso terapêutico , Sementes/química , Animais , Animais não Endogâmicos , Neurônios Dopaminérgicos/metabolismo , Neurônios Dopaminérgicos/patologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Indústria de Processamento de Alimentos , Resíduos Industriais/análise , Resíduos Industriais/economia , Masculino , Camundongos , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/administração & dosagem , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/economia , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/isolamento & purificação , Doença de Parkinson/metabolismo , Doença de Parkinson/patologia , Distribuição Aleatória , Sapogeninas/administração & dosagem , Sapogeninas/economia , Sapogeninas/isolamento & purificação , Substância Negra/efeitos dos fármacos , Substância Negra/metabolismo , Substância Negra/patologiaRESUMO
Saponins are a diverse group of compounds widely distributed in the plant kingdom, which are characterized by their structure containing a triterpene or steroid aglycone and one or more sugar chains. Consumer demand for natural products coupled with their physicochemical (surfactant) properties and mounting evidence on their biological activity (such as anticancer and anticholesterol activity) has led to the emergence of saponins as commercially significant compounds with expanding applications in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical sectors. The realization of their full commercial potential requires development of new processes/processing strategies to address the processing challenges posed by their complex nature. This review provides an update on the sources, properties, and applications of saponins with special focus on their extraction and purification. Also reviewed is the recent literature on the effect of processing on saponin structure/properties and the extraction and purification of sapogenins.