A Seat at the Table.

Organized medicine and psychiatry have a long tradition of governmental advocacy and public engagement. The American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (AAPL), since its founding 50 years ago, has made some forays into these fields. However, its involvement has been less substantial than other similarly situated professional organizations. With its increasing membership and expertise, AAPL now possesses the capacity to dedicate some of its organizational attention, energy, and resources to educating policymakers and the public on current and future topics related to forensic mental health. In addition, an increasing number and type of professional activities related to this discipline are affected by governmental regulation and public opinion. Therefore, the need to become involved in shaping policy is more urgent, particularly in light of the fact that other forensic mental health organizations have been actively involved in governmental advocacy for decades. Finally, as a field and in the near future, we likely will deal with life-changing technological innovations related to the practice of forensic psychiatry. AAPL and its members are perhaps uniquely qualified and have a responsibility to help ensure that these innovations are developed, implemented, and utilized appropriately. This can only be accomplished by having a proverbial seat at the table in the process.

Ensuring accountability through health professional regulatory bodies: the case of conflict of interest.

How do self-regulated health professions' regulatory bodies address financial conflict of interest (coi) and ensure accountability to the public? using document analysis, we examined how four ontario regulatory colleges (physicians, nurses, physiotherapists, audiologists/speech-language pathologists) defined coi and the education, guidance and enforcement they provided for coi-related issues. These colleges are upholding the mandates to define, identify and address financial coi by providing regulations or standards and guidelines to their membership; they differed in the amount of educational materials provided to their registrants and in the possible coi scenarios they presented. Although there were few disciplinary hearings pertaining to financial coi, findings for the hearings that did occur were documented and posted on the college public registers (the listing of all registered college members along with all relevant practice information), informing the public of any limitations or restrictions placed on a member as a result of the hearing.

Going for the cure: patient interest groups and health advocacy in the United States.

Citizen groups, though celebrated during their sudden arrival on the lobbying scene, are vastly outnumbered by groups representing elite, occupationally based interests. Sensitive to the odds that nonoccupational groups face, this study asks what factors have allowed patient groups to form and become active in federal politics. Using three distinct data sets--a survey of patient groups, content analysis of group websites, and in-depth interviews with group representatives and policy makers in Washington, DC--this study assesses the activities of patient groups in the United States and argues that patient advocacy organizations garner stability from the relatively easy provision of selective and solidary benefits. Larger patient groups are especially likely to make use of these structural advantages to pursue congressional lobbying strategies. However, even these groups seek out noncompetitive, distributive political environments. Moreover, the study finds that patient groups rarely form coalitions across diseases, forgoing the potential to collectively speak for shared patient interests.

A total extinction confidently hoped for: the destruction of Cape San society under Dutch colonial rule, 1700-1795.

San (Bushman) society in the Cape Colony was almost completely annihilated during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries as a result of land confiscation, massacre, forced labour and cultural suppression that accompanied colonial rule. Whereas similar obliterations of indigenous peoples in other parts of the world have resulted in major public controversies and heated debate amongst academics about the genocidal nature of these episodes, in South Africa the issue has effectively been ignored aside from passing, often polemical, references to it as genocide. Even recent studies that have approached the mass killing of the Cape San with sensitivity and insight do not address it as a case of genocide. This article sets out to redress this imbalance in part by analysing the dynamic of frontier conflict between San and settler under Dutch colonial rule as genocide. It demonstrates both the exterminatory intent underlying settler violence as well as the complicity of a weak colonial state in these depredations, including its sanctioning of the root-and-branch eradication of the San.

Creating cohesion from diversity: the challenge of collective identity formation in the global justice movement.

Collective identity formation is important because it plays a crucial role in sustaining movements over time. Studying collective identity formation in autonomous groups in the Global Justice Movement poses a challenge because they encompass a multiplicity of identities, ideologies, issues, frames, collective action repertoires, and organizational forms. This article analyzes the process of collective identity formation in three anti-capitalist globalization groups in Madrid, Spain, based on 3 years of ethnographic fieldwork. The author argues that for new groups practicing participatory democracy the regular face-to-face assemblies are the crucial arena in which collective identity can form and must be both effective and participatory in order to foster a sense of commitment and belonging. The article raises the possibility that scholars should consider what seems to be an oxymoron: the possible benefits of "failure" for social movements.

Association health plans: what's all the fuss about?

Policymakers have tried to address the problem of the uninsured and to help small businesses with rising premiums by encouraging associations to offer coverage. Although supporters and opponents have made claims about the potential impact of this strategy, the association market has not been studied in depth. Examining current standards might explain why proponents seek changes. This paper discusses states' approaches to regulating health insurance offered by associations, including "self-insurance," as well as existing state exemptions from state insurance laws that otherwise would apply to coverage sold to small businesses, self-employed people, and individual purchasers. We also examine market problems such as insolvency and fraud.

Coordination among health care stakeholders: effects on state health policy choices.

This article proposes that coordination among health stakeholders is reflected in the structural relations within state health care lobbies and treats lobbies as a mechanism of social control over the industry. This article compares the effects of structural relations of lobbies and also professional associations and economic conditions upon a regulatory typology of health policy outcomes. Results of network analysis show that special interest structures exert social control, regulatory policy reflects choices between markets and regulation and vertical industry relations, and network analysis is useful for studying these complex ideas.