As startups no contexto da organização capitalista financeira e as subjetividades empreendedoras / Startups in the context of financial capitalist organization and entrepreneurial subjectivities / Startups en el contexto de la organización capitalista financiera y subjetividades emprendedoras

As startups são empresas que apresentam modelos de negócios marcados pela inovação, rapidez, flexibilidade e alta capacidade de adaptação aos mercados. Atuando em diferentes setores socioeconômicos, elas prometem criar e transformar produtos e serviços. A emergência e disseminação dessas empresas ocorrem em um momento histórico de mudanças iniciadas a partir de 1970 e marcadas pelas crises geradas com o esgotamento do paradigma da sociedade urbano industrial. No Brasil, o número desse modelo de negócio apresentou uma expansão expressiva, alcançando a marca de 13.374 nos últimos cinco anos. Atento a esse cenário, o objetivo desta pesquisa consistiu em compreender como sujeitos, grupos e instituições atribuem sentidos à experiência de trabalho nas chamadas startups. Na parte teórica, as condições sociais e econômicas que possibilitaram a emergência e disseminação das startups são analisadas em uma perspectiva crítica. A parte empírica, por sua vez, apresenta depoimentos de empreendedores relatando o contexto geral de atuação nas startups. Ao final deste artigo, conclui-se que há uma instrumentalização capitalística de componentes subjetivos específicos selecionados e colocados em circulação para fortalecer o modo de produção capitalista financeirizado.(AU)

Startups are companies that have business models characterized by innovation, speed, flexibility, and a high capacity to adapt to markets. Operating in different socioeconomic sectors, they promise to create and transform products and services. The emergence and dissemination of these companies occur at a historical moment of changes that began from 1970 and are marked by the crises generated by the exhaustion of the paradigm of industrial urban society. In Brazil, the number of businesses in this model showed a significant expansion, reaching 13,374 companies in the last five years. Attentive to this scenario, the objective of this research was to understand how subjects, groups, and institutions attribute meanings to the work experience in so-called startups. In the theoretical part, the social and economic conditions that enabled the emergence and dissemination of startups are analyzed in a critical perspective. The empirical part presents entrepreneurs reporting the general context of action in startups. At the end of this article, it is concluded that there is a capitalistic instrumentalization of specific subjective components that are selected and put into circulation to strengthen the financed capitalist production.(AU)

Las startups son empresas que tienen modelos de negocio marcados por la innovación, la velocidad, la flexibilidad y una alta capacidad de adaptación a los mercados. Desde diferentes sectores socioeconómicos, las startups prometen crear y transformar productos y servicios. La aparición y difusión de estas empresas se produce en un momento histórico de cambios que comenzó a partir de 1970 y que está marcado por crisis generadas por el agotamiento del paradigma de la sociedad urbana industrial. En Brasil, estas empresas se expandieron significativamente alcanzando la marca de 13.374 empresas en los últimos cinco años. En este escenario, el objetivo de esta investigación fue entender cómo los sujetos, grupos e instituciones atribuyen significados a la experiencia laboral en las startups. En la parte teórica, se analizan las condiciones sociales y económicas que permitieron el surgimiento y la difusión de las startups en una perspectiva crítica. La parte empírica presenta testimonios de emprendedores que informan sobre el trabajo en startups. La investigación concluye que hay una instrumentalización capitalista de componentes subjetivos específicos que se seleccionan y ponen en circulación para fortalecer el modo de producción capitalista financiero.(AU)

Tackling communication and analytical problems in environmental planning: Expert assessment of key definitions and their relationships.

Inadequate definition of key terms and their relationships generates significant communication and analytical problems in environmental planning. In this work, we evaluate an ontological framework for environmental planning designed to combat these problems. After outlining the framework and issues addressed, we describe its evaluation by a group of experts representing a range of expertise and institutions. Experts rated their level of agreement with 12 propositions concerning the definitions and models underpinning the framework. These propositions, in turn, were used to assess three assumptions regarding the expected effectiveness of the framework and its contribution to addressing the abovementioned planning problems. In addition to point-based best estimates of their agreement with propositions, expert ratings were also captured on a continuous interval-valued scale. The use of intervals addresses the challenge of measuring and modelling uncertainty associated with complex assessments such as those provided by experts. Combined with written anonymous expert comments, these data provide multiple perspectives on the level of support for the approach. We conclude that the framework can complement existing planning approaches and strengthen key definitions and related models, thus helping avoid communication and analytical problems in environmental planning. Finally, experts highlighted areas that require further development, and we provide recommendations for improving the framework.

Interorganizational Communication at Mass Gatherings: Professionals' Perceptions during the Planning and Implementation Stage of Marathon Events.

INTRODUCTION: Mass gatherings (MGs) often bring together professionals and organizations that collaborate irregularly or have never engaged in joint working. They involve interaction and communication among multiple and diverse services, which can often prove challenging. Planning such an event is of paramount importance for its success, and interorganizational communication ranks among its most important aspects. Nonetheless, there is limited empirical evidence to support interagency communication in MGs. OBJECTIVE: This study used the 2017 Athens Marathon (Athens, Greece) as the empirical setting to examine how interorganizational communication was perceived among the multiple public health and safety professionals during the planning and implementation phase of the event. METHODS: Data comprised 15 semi-structured in-depth interviews with key informants, direct observations of meetings and the event itself, and documentary analysis. Open coding and thematic analysis were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Findings indicated three key components of interorganizational communication in such an event: (1) shared situational awareness; (2) interorganizational understanding; and (3) implementing liaison officers. CONCLUSION: This study outlined the factors that influenced interorganizational communication before and during a MG. Practical implications arising from this study may inform the way organizers of marathons and other mass sporting events can engage in effective interorganizational communication.

Why enterprise resource planning initiatives do succeed in the long run: A case-based causal network.

Despite remarkable academic efforts, why Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) post-implementation success occurs still remains elusive. A reason for this shortage may be the insufficient addressing of an ERP-specific interior boundary condition, i.e., the multi-stakeholder perspective, in explaining this phenomenon. This issue may entail a gap between how ERP success is supposed to occur and how ERP success may actually occur, leading to theoretical inconsistency when investigating its causal roots. Through a case-based, inductive approach, this manuscript presents an ERP success causal network that embeds the overlooked boundary condition and offers a theoretical explanation of why the most relevant observed causal relationships may occur. The results provide a deeper understanding of the ERP success causal mechanisms and informative managerial suggestions to steer ERP initiatives towards long-haul success.

A company's relational strategy: Linkage between strategic choices, attributes, and outcomes.

Nowadays, the idea of firms' atomization is rejected and companies are perceived as entities embedded in inter-organizational relationships and their configurations, including dyads and networks. The relational view in strategic management thus prompts research on a firm's relational strategy. This paper taps this gap considering links between strategic choices and attributes of a company's inter-organizational relationships, as well as the outcomes achieved by collaboration with different groups of stakeholders. We test the model based on research carried out on a representative sample of 400 enterprises operating in Poland and on international markets. The results of structural equation modeling show that 1) the outcomes of collaboration reflect market benefits and are dependent on the durability of the inter-organizational relationships and the heterogeneity of the supply chain relationships, 2) durability as an attribute of the relational strategy depends on the choice of how to create and appropriate value, and 3) in turn, the attribute of heterogeneity of the relational strategy depends on what type of partners are selected. Thereby, we deliver managerial implications on how to create a relational strategy to achieve a relational rent and better a company's market position.

The process of developing dynamic capabilities: The conceptualization attempt and the results of empirical studies.

While most researchers interested in the concept of dynamic capabilities focus their attention on analyzing how companies transform their resources to compete in their environment, the process of developing dynamic capabilities is treated as a marginal issue. Although the literature suggests various approaches to developing dynamic capabilities, they are formulated in general terms, and doubts can be raised about the links between actions. There is also a lack of empirical research indicating the links between activities in the process of developing dynamic capabilities and their influence on the effectiveness of an organization. The aim of the study is to formulate a proposal for a model of the process of developing dynamic capabilities aimed at increasing the economic effectiveness of a company and to determine the links between the activities in the model. The theoretical contribution of the paper consists in presenting a model of the process of developing dynamic capabilities aimed at increasing the economic effectiveness of the company. The results presented in the paper refer to an empirical examination of the model of developing dynamic capabilities, covering five activities: searching for opportunities; knowledge management and learning; coordination; configuration and reconfiguration; and organizational adaptation. The study also includes an examination of the possible impact the components of the dynamic capabilities building process have on a company's performance. The study uses the survey method and data was obtained from top managers. The conclusion, based on data from 471 Polish companies, was made using structural equation modelling. The results of the empirical research suggest that the individual activities in the process of developing dynamic capabilities are interconnected, and through mutual interactions and couplings, they positively affect the economic effectiveness of an enterprise. The results indicate that searching for opportunities is the precursor, and the main factor influencing the other activities in the process, which suggests that managers should focus on improving activities in this area.

Coronavirus infections: health care planning based on Orem's Nursing Theory.

OBJECTIVE: to report the experience of professors and students of a graduate course on nursing care in coping with the new coronavirus (COVID-19) based on Self-Care Theory. METHOD: the active methodologies used were a literature search and seminar presentations, with an understanding of Orem's theoretical concepts: health; man; self-care; universal, developmental and health deviation requirements; self-care activities; self-care deficits; the required therapeutic demand; nursing systems. The pandemic was considered a health deviation that requires critical thinking and nursing care planning. Methodological frameworks to classify nursing diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes were used. RESULTS: for each health deviation, nursing systems were identified; self-care deficits, diagnoses; actions, interventions; and the form of assessment, outcomes. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: theoretical-practical reflections of the academic context support nursing care planning.

How Many Intensive Care Beds are Justifiable for Hospital Pandemic Preparedness? A Cost-effectiveness Analysis for COVID-19 in Germany.

INTRODUCTION: Germany is experiencing the second COVID-19 pandemic wave. The intensive care unit (ICU) bed capacity is an important consideration in the response to the pandemic. The purpose of this study was to determine the costs and benefits of maintaining or expanding a staffed ICU bed reserve capacity in Germany. METHODS: This study compared the provision of additional capacity to no intervention from a societal perspective. A decision model was developed using, e.g. information on age-specific fatality rates, ICU costs and outcomes, and the herd protection threshold. The net monetary benefit (NMB) was calculated based upon the willingness to pay for new medicines for the treatment of cancer, a condition with a similar disease burden in the near term. RESULTS: The marginal cost-effectiveness ratio (MCER) of the last bed added to the existing ICU capacity is €21,958 per life-year gained assuming full bed utilization. The NMB decreases with an additional expansion but remains positive for utilization rates as low as 2%. In a sensitivity analysis, the variables with the highest impact on the MCER were the mortality rates in the ICU and after discharge. CONCLUSIONS: This article demonstrates the applicability of cost-effectiveness analysis to policies of hospital pandemic preparedness and response capacity strengthening. In Germany, the provision of a staffed ICU bed reserve capacity appears to be cost-effective even for a low probability of bed utilization.

COVID-19: Recovery Models for Radiology Departments.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has greatly affected demand for imaging services, with marked reductions in demand for elective imaging and image-guided interventional procedures. To guide radiology planning and recovery from this unprecedented impact, three recovery models were developed to predict imaging volume over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic: (1) a long-term volume model with three scenarios based on prior disease outbreaks and other historical analogues, to aid in long-term planning when the pandemic was just beginning; (2) a short-term volume model based on the supply-demand approach, leveraging increasingly available COVID-19 data points to predict examination volume on a week-to-week basis; and (3) a next-wave model to estimate the impact from future COVID-19 surges. The authors present these models as techniques that can be used at any stage in an unpredictable pandemic timeline.

Lack of Strategic Funding and Long-Term Job Security Threaten to Have Profound Effects on Cardiovascular Researcher Retention in Australia.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in Australia. Investment in research solutions has been demonstrated to yield health and a 9.8-fold return economic benefit. The sector, however, is severely challenged with success rates of traditional peer-reviewed funding in decline. Here, we aimed to understand the perceived challenges faced by the cardiovascular workforce in Australia prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: We used an online survey distributed across Australian cardiovascular societies/councils, universities and research institutes over a period of 6 months during 2019, with 548 completed responses. Inclusion criteria included being an Australian resident or an Australian citizen who lived overseas, and a current or past student or employee in the field of cardiovascular research. RESULTS: The mean age of respondents was 42±13 years, 47% were male, 85% had a full-time position, and 40% were a group leader or laboratory head. Twenty-three per cent (23%) had permanent employment, and 82% of full-time workers regularly worked >40 hours/week. Sixty-eight per cent (68%) said they had previously considered leaving the cardiovascular research sector. If their position could not be funded in the next few years, a staggering 91% of respondents would leave the sector. Compared to PhD- and age-matched men, women were less likely to be a laboratory head and to feel they had a long-term career path as a cardiovascular researcher, while more women were unsure about future employment and had considered leaving the sector (all p<0.05). Greater job security (76%) and government and philanthropic investment in cardiovascular research (72%) were highlighted by responders as the main changes to current practices that would encourage them to stay. CONCLUSION: Strategic solutions, such as diversification of career pathways and funding sources, and moving from a competitive to a collaborative culture, need to be a priority to decrease reliance on government funding and allow cardiovascular researchers to thrive.

Integrating and maintaining automated external defibrillators and emergency planning in community sport settings: a qualitative case study.

INTRODUCTION: A voluntary State Government-led programme in Victoria, Australia 'Defibrillators for Sporting Clubs and Facilities Program' ran from 2015 to 2019, broadly aimed at increasing access to automated external defibrillators (AEDs), together with a greater number of community members trained for management of medical emergencies. This study aimed to understand whether participating sport clubs/facilities had successfully integrated an AED and medical planning with other club/facility safety practices, 12 months after delivery of the programme. METHODS: This was a qualitative case study of 14 sport clubs/facilities in Victoria, Australia in 2017, underpinned by the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. We conducted observational audits of facilities (to locate AED placement, signage and other relevant location-specific factors) and semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with representatives of the clubs/facilities. Interview questions were designed to determine if and how the related, mandated emergency management programme was adapted for the long term (embedding), whether this aligned to ongoing organisational mission (active engagement), and whether or not it was still ongoing 6 months postinitial implementation (sustainability). Data were evaluated using qualitative descriptive methodology. For reporting, descriptive summaries of the audit were combined with interview data to contextualise and visualise the sport club/facility setting and key results. RESULTS: Key issues identified were accessibility and visibility of the AED, with inadequate signage and challenges identifying an efficient location for access and storage. Most interviewees reported the AED and training were received with no further actions taken towards safety planning or integration with club/facility practice. Several challenges regarding remaining up to date with training and ensuring required routine checks of the AED take place were also raised. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified several challenges for community sport clubs/facilities in the implementation of an AED and medical planning programme, including where to store the AED, how to make its presence known to the community and how to integrate changes alongside other club/facility practices.

Integrating autonomously navigating assistance systems into the clinic: guiding principles and the ANTS-OR approach.

PURPOSE: Autonomously self-navigating clinical assistance systems (ASCAS) seem highly promising for improving clinical workflows. There is great potential for easing staff workload and improving overall efficiency by reducing monotonous and physically demanding tasks. However, a seamless integration of such systems into complex human-supervised clinical workflows is challenging. As of yet, guiding principles and specific approaches for solving this problem are lacking. METHODS: We propose to treat ASCAS orchestration as a scheduling problem. However, underlying objectives and constraints for this scheduling problem differ considerably from those found in other domains (e.g., manufacturing, logistics). We analyze the clinical environment to deduce unique needs and conclude that existing scheduling approaches are not sufficient to overcome these challenges. RESULTS: We present four guiding principles, namely human precedence, command structure, emergency context and immediacy, that govern the integration of self-navigating assistance systems into clinical workflows. Based on these results, we propose our approach, namely Auto-Navigation Task Scheduling for Operating Rooms (ANTS-OR), for solving the ASCAS orchestration problem in a surgical application scenario, employing a score-based scheduling strategy. CONCLUSION: The proposed approach is a first step toward addressing the ASCAS orchestration problem for the OR wing. We are currently advancing and validating our concept using a simulation environment and aim at realizing a dynamic end-to-end ASCAS orchestration platform in the future.

Sucesso e insucesso nas licitações da modalidade pregão: revisão scoping review / Success and failure in bidding process for reverse auction modality: a scoping review

RESUMO: O pregão é uma das modalidades de licitação, instituído pela Lei 10.520/02, e tem sido amplamente utilizado em instituições públicas. Apesar dos benefícios desta modalidade serem muitos, existe um número considerável de insucessos nos procedimentos, de modo que os pregões podem terminar fracassados, desertos ou, até mesmo cancelados, anulados ou revogados. O objetivo desse artigo é avaliar na literatura quais os motivos de sucessos e insucessos de licitações na modalidade pregão por meio de uma revisão de literatura realizada através de Scoping Review, conforme a proposta do Joanna Briggs Institute, realizada através da pergunta "Quais os fatores de sucesso e/ou insucesso encontrados nas compras por licitação na modalidade pregão?", nas bibliotecas digitais Capes Periódicos e Scientific Electronic Library Online e na base de dados PubMed. (AU)

ABSTRACT: The reverse auction is one of the bidding modalities, which was instituted by Law 10,520/02 and has been widely used in public institutions. Although the benefits of this modality are many, there is a considerable number of failures in the procedures, so that the reverse auction sessions may fail, with no participants or even be canceled, nullified, or revoked. This article aims to evaluate in the literature the reasons for successes and failures of the bidding process for reverse auction modality through a Scoping Review, as proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. The research question was "What are the factors of success and/or failure found in bidding purchases for reverse auction modality?", and the databases used were Capes Journals, Scientific Electronic Library Online, and PubMed. (AU)

Applying Systems Engineering to Increase Operating Room Efficiency.

Systems engineering is an interdisciplinary approach to creating, evaluating, and managing a complex process in order to increase reliability, cost-effectiveness, and quality. The operating room is a complex environment that requires human-human interaction, human-device interaction, planning, and coordination of scarce resources for the purpose of providing surgery to patients in a safe and efficient manner. The operating room is an important revenue generator, but it can also be responsible for unsustainable costs if not managed effectively. Reducing costs and increasing the efficiency of surgical cases is important for generating health care value. Efficiency efforts that aim for standardization of surgical protocols must be balanced by flexibility in the unpredictable operating room environment. This paper reviews systems engineering efforts to improve efficiency in the operating room including operating room scheduling, personnel factors, resource management, orthopedicspecific initiatives, and future innovations.

Planning an intersectoral network of healthcare and community leaders to advance trans-affirming care for sexual assault survivors.

Sexual assault against transgender (trans) persons is a complex public health issue requiring the coordinated effort of multiple sectors to address. In response to a global call to improve health equity for persons of diverse gender identities, leaders across health and social service sectors need to enhance collaboration to champion trans-affirming care for sexual assault survivors. In collaboration with Egale Canada Human Rights Trust and the Ontario Network of Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence Treatment Centres, we have undertaken the development of an intersectoral network to connect trans-positive community organizations with hospital-based violence treatment centres to improve support services for trans survivors across Ontario. Guided by the Lifecycle Model for network development outlined by the National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools, we describe our approach to planning the intersectoral network, including key insights learned thus far and the potential of the network moving forward.