RESUMO
Valbenazine and deutetrabenazine are FDA-approved as treatment for tardive dyskinesia (TD). Both medications are vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 (VMAT2) inhibitors, and both are effective for reducing TD symptoms. Clinicians need to be aware of the adverse effects of valbenazine and deutetrabenazine, as well as other key differences between the two, in order to individualize treatment. Using the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale assists clinicians in assessing progress for each patient. Treating TD effectively with these new medications will reduce the burden of the condition for patients.
Assuntos
Exame Neurológico/métodos , Discinesia Tardia , Tetrabenazina/análogos & derivados , Valina/análogos & derivados , Proteínas Vesiculares de Transporte de Monoamina/antagonistas & inibidores , Monitoramento de Medicamentos/métodos , Humanos , Conduta do Tratamento Medicamentoso , Moduladores de Transporte de Membrana/administração & dosagem , Moduladores de Transporte de Membrana/efeitos adversos , Administração dos Cuidados ao Paciente/métodos , Administração dos Cuidados ao Paciente/normas , Psiquiatria/educação , Discinesia Tardia/induzido quimicamente , Discinesia Tardia/diagnóstico , Discinesia Tardia/tratamento farmacológico , Tetrabenazina/administração & dosagem , Tetrabenazina/efeitos adversos , Resultado do Tratamento , Valina/administração & dosagem , Valina/efeitos adversosAssuntos
Inibidores da Captação Adrenérgica/administração & dosagem , Doença de Huntington/tratamento farmacológico , Discinesia Tardia/tratamento farmacológico , Tetrabenazina/análogos & derivados , Proteínas Vesiculares de Transporte de Monoamina/antagonistas & inibidores , Inibidores da Captação Adrenérgica/efeitos adversos , Inibidores da Captação Adrenérgica/economia , Custos de Medicamentos , Interações Medicamentosas , Humanos , Doença de Huntington/diagnóstico , Doença de Huntington/fisiopatologia , Doença de Huntington/psicologia , Discinesia Tardia/diagnóstico , Discinesia Tardia/fisiopatologia , Discinesia Tardia/psicologia , Tetrabenazina/administração & dosagem , Tetrabenazina/efeitos adversos , Tetrabenazina/economia , Resultado do Tratamento , Proteínas Vesiculares de Transporte de Monoamina/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Tetrabenazine, a monoamine depleter and dopamine receptor blocker, is used to treat several hyperkinetic movement disorders. The authors studied the use of tetrabenazine for tardive dyskinesia. METHOD: Twenty patients with tardive dyskinesia (mean duration = 43.7 months) were videotaped before and after tetrabenazine treatment. Randomized videotapes were scored with the motor subset of the modified Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) by raters blind to pre- or posttreatment status. RESULTS: One patient did not tolerate tetrabenazine owing to sedation. The remaining 19 were rated after a mean of 20.3 weeks at a mean tetrabenazine dose of 57.9 mg/day. There were significant improvements in mean scores on both the patient AIMS self-rating and the AIMS motor subset evaluated by the blind videotape raters. All 19 patients continued to take tetrabenazine after the study. CONCLUSIONS: Tetrabenazine was well tolerated and resulted in significant improvements in AIMS scores for patients with refractory tardive dyskinesia.
Assuntos
Antidiscinéticos/uso terapêutico , Discinesia Induzida por Medicamentos/tratamento farmacológico , Tetrabenazina/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Antidiscinéticos/administração & dosagem , Antidiscinéticos/farmacologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Esquema de Medicação , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Distribuição Aleatória , Método Simples-Cego , Tetrabenazina/administração & dosagem , Tetrabenazina/farmacologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Gravação de VideoteipeRESUMO
This work compares equilibrium to kinetic analysis of positron emission tomography data for the assessment of vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2) binding density using (+)-alpha-[11C]dihydrotetrabenazine ((+)-alpha-[11C]DTBZ). Studies were performed for 80 minutes after intravenous administration of 18 +/- 1 mCi (+)-alpha-[11C]DTBZ on 9 young control subjects, 20 to 45 years of age. A 9-mCi bolus was injected over the first minute of the study, whereas the remaining 9 mCi were infused at a constant rate over the following 79 minutes. Steady-state was reached in both blood and brain by approximately 30 minutes after initiation of the study. Nonlinear least-squares analysis using two- and three-compartment models, weighted integral analysis using a two-compartment configuration, and Logan plot analysis all yielded kinetic estimates of the total tissue distribution volume, DVtot(kin). These results were compared with equilibrium distribution volume estimates, DVtot(eq), calculated from the tissue to metabolite corrected arterial plasma concentration ratio after 30 minutes. Kinetic modeling results from this study were in close agreement with prior bolus-injection (+)-alpha-[11C]DTBZ studies. In the current study, coefficients of variation in DVtot(kin) (19% to 23% across regions) and DVtot(eq) (18% to 22%) were nearly identical. Equilibrium estimates of DVtot were slightly lower than kinetic estimates, averaging 5% +/- 9% lower (P = 0.04, paired t test) in regions of high binding density (caudate and putamen), but only 2% +/- 6% (P = 0.09) in lower binding density regions (cortex, thalamus, cerebellum). DVtot(eq) estimates, however, still correlated highly with DVtot(kin) estimates (r = 0.977-0.989). Steady-state conditions can be achieved in both tissue and blood by 30 minutes, and the tissue-to-blood ratios of (+)-alpha-[11C]DTBZ at equilibrium yield DVtot(eq) measures that are in close agreement with DVtot(kin) estimates. Thus, a simple, easily tolerated protocol using a loading bolus followed by continuous infusion can provide excellent measures of VMAT2 binding.