The effect of bone and analytical methods on the assessment of bone mineralization response to dietary phosphorus, phytase, and vitamin D in nursery pigs.

A total of 360 pigs (DNA 600 × 241, DNA; initially 11.9 ±â€…0.56 kg) were used in a 28-d trial to evaluate the effects of different bones and analytical methods on the assessment of bone mineralization response to dietary P, vitamin D, and phytase in nursery pigs. Pens of pigs (six pigs per pen) were randomized to six dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with 10 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments were designed to create differences in bone mineralization and included: (1) 0.19% standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) P (deficient), (2) 0.33% STTD P (NRC [2012] requirement) using monocalcium phosphate, (3) 0.33% STTD P including 0.14% release from phytase (Ronozyme HiPhos 2700, DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, NJ), (4) 0.44% STTD P using monocalcium phosphate, phytase, and no vitamin D, (5) diet 4 with vitamin D (1,653 IU/kg), and (6) diet 5 with an additional 50 µg/kg of 25(OH)D3 (HyD, DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, NJ) estimated to provide an additional 2,000 IU/kg of vitamin D3. After 28 d on feed, eight pigs per treatment were euthanized for bone (metacarpal, 2nd rib, 10th rib, and fibula), blood, and urine analysis. The response to treatment for bone density and ash was dependent upon the bone analyzed (treatment × bone interaction for bone density, P = 0.044; non-defatted bone ash, P = 0.060; defatted bone ash, P = 0.068). Thus, the response related to dietary treatment differed depending on which bone (metacarpal, fibula, 2nd rib, or 10th rib) was measured. Pigs fed 0.19% STTD P had decreased (P < 0.05) bone density and ash (non-defatted and defatted) for all bones compared to 0.44% STTD P, with 0.33% STTD P generally intermediate or similar to 0.44% STTD P. Pigs fed 0.44% STTD P with no vitamin D had greater (P < 0.05) non-defatted fibula ash compared to all treatments other than 0.44% STTD P with added 25(OH)D3. Pigs fed diets with 0.44% STTD P had greater (P < 0.05) defatted second rib ash compared to pigs fed 0.19% STTD P or 0.33% STTD P with no phytase. In summary, bone density and ash responses varied depending on bone analyzed. Differences in bone density and ash in response to P and vitamin D were most apparent with fibulas and second ribs. There were apparent differences in the bone ash percentage between defatted and non-defatted bone. However, differences between the treatments remain consistent regardless of the analytic procedure. For histopathology, 10th ribs were more sensitive than 2nd ribs or fibulas for the detection of lesions.

Lameness is defined as impaired movement or deviation from normal gait. There are many factors that can contribute to lameness, including but not limited to: infectious disease, genetic and conformational anomaly, and toxicity that affects the bone, muscle, and nervous systems. Metabolic bone disease is another cause of lameness in swine production and can be caused by inappropriate levels of essential vitamins or minerals. To understand and evaluate bone mineralization, it is important to understand the differences in diagnostic results between different bones and analytical techniques. Historically, percentage bone ash has been used as one of the procedures to assess metabolic bone disease as it measures the level of bone mineralization; however, procedures and results vary depending on the methodology and type of bone measured. Differences in bone density and ash in response to dietary P and vitamin D were most apparent in the fibulas and second ribs. There were apparent differences in the percentage of bone ash between defatted and non-defatted bone; however, the differences between the treatments remain consistent regardless of the analytic procedure. For histopathology, 10th ribs were more sensitive than 2nd ribs or fibulas for detection of lesions associated with metabolic bone disease.

Assessment of Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Microgreen Alga Chlorella vulgaris and Its Blend with Different Vitamins.

There is a very vital antioxidant extracted from microgreen alga. Chlorella vulgaris has major advantages and requires high yield worldwide. Some microalgae require vitamins for their growth promotion. This study was held to determine the impact of different vitamins including Thiamine (B1), Riboflavin (B2), Pyridoxine (B6), and Ascorbic acid (c) at concentrations of 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, and 0.08 mg/L of each. Each vitamin was added to the BG11 growth medium to determine the effect on growth, total carbohydrate, total protein, pigments content, antioxidant activities of Chlorella vulgaris. Moreover, antitumor effects of methanol extract of C. vulgaris without and with the supplement of thiamine against Human prostate cancer (PC-3), Hepatocellular carcinoma (HEPG-2), Colorectal carcinoma (HCT-116) and Epitheliod Carcinoma (Hela) was estimated in vitro. C. vulgaris supplemented with various vitamins showed a significant increase in biomass, pigment content, total protein, and total carbohydrates in comparison to the control. Thiamine was the best vitamin influencing as an antioxidant. C. vulgaris supplemented with thiamine had high antitumor effects in vitro. So, it's necessary to add vitamins to BG11 media for enhancement of the growth and metabolites.

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Strategies and the Potential Role of miRNA in the Assessment of COVID-19 Morbidity, Recurrence, and Therapy.

Recently, we have experienced a serious pandemic. Despite significant technological advances in molecular technologies, it is very challenging to slow down the infection spread. It appeared that due to globalization, SARS-CoV-2 spread easily and adapted to new environments or geographical or weather zones. Additionally, new variants are emerging that show different infection potential and clinical outcomes. On the other hand, we have some experience with other pandemics and some solutions in virus elimination that could be adapted. This is of high importance since, as the latest reports demonstrate, vaccine technology might not follow the new, mutated virus outbreaks. Thus, identification of novel strategies and markers or diagnostic methods is highly necessary. For this reason, we present some of the latest views on SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 therapeutic strategies and raise a solution based on miRNA. We believe that in the face of the rapidly increasing global situation and based on analogical studies of other viruses, the possibility of using the biological potential of miRNA technology is very promising. It could be used as a promising diagnostic and prognostic factor, as well as a therapeutic target and tool.

Vitamin D status correction in Saudi Arabia: an experts' consensus under the auspices of the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis, and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO).

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D deficiency is common in the Middle East and in Saudi Arabia, in particular. While several international recommendations on the management of vitamin D deficiency have been documented and practiced globally, these recommendations should be adapted to the conditions of the Middle Eastern region. To address this challenge, the Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis (PMCO) in King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, KSA, together with local experts and in cooperation with the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO), organized a panel that formulated unified recommendations in the diagnosis and treatment of vitamin D deficiency in the region. METHODS: The selection of local and international experts commenced during the 2nd International Vitamin D Symposium conducted in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, last January 20--21, 2016. Reviews of the most recent literature were done, and face-to-face meetings were conducted for revisions and final recommendations. RESULTS: Vitamin D sufficiency is defined as circulating serum 25(OH)D ≥50 nmol (≥20 ng/ml) for the general population and vitamin D adequacy as serum 25(OH)D >75 nmol/L l (>30 ng/ml) for the frail and osteoporotic elderly. Despite overwhelming prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, universal screening is not recommended. Recommendations for the general population, children, pregnant/lactating women, post-menopausal women, the elderly, and those with subsequent metabolic diseases were provided. RESULTS: Vitamin D sufficiency is defined as circulating serum 25(OH)D ≥50 nmol (≥20 ng/ml) for the general population and vitamin D adequacy as serum 25(OH)D >75 nmol/L l (>30 ng/ml) for the frail and osteoporotic elderly. Despite overwhelming prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, universal screening is not recommended. Recommendations for the general population, children, pregnant/lactating women, post-menopausal women, the elderly, and those with subsequent metabolic diseases were provided. CONCLUSION: Vitamin D supplementation/correction is advised in all persons whose serum 25(OH)D falls below 50 nmol/l (20 ng/ml), and achieving a target of 75 nmol/l (30 ng/ml) is particularly suited for frail, osteoporotic, and older patients. Conducting well-designed clinical trials in the region that will address economic implications and investigations on the treatment persistence and compliance to vitamin D treatment in the region are encouraged.

[Assessment of the impact of vitamin and dietary fiber content in the diet on the characteristics of protective colon microbiota populations of rats].

The content of lactobacilli and enterobacteria in the experiment in rats with varying levels of vitamins and dietary fiber was studied. The study was performed on 48 male weanling Wistar rats randomized into 8 groups, with the creation of vitamin deficiency (30 d.) and its further compensation (5 d.). Vitamin content in the semisynthetic diet in rats of the control group N 1 corresponded to 100% of a daily adequate intake. In the similar composition of the diet of the control group N 2 wheat bran was added in amount of 5% of the weight of the diet. In groups N 3­8 rats received a diet with the reduced amount of vitamin mixture by 5 times (20% of the adequate intake) and the total exclusion of tocopherol, thiamine and riboflavin from the mixture. The wheat bran (5% of diet mass) was added to the diets in Groups N 4, 6, 8. At the stage of compensation of deficiency rats were fed with the diets with increased content of vitamin mixture: Group 5­6 to 80% 7­8 to 200% (100 and 220% of the adequate intake, respectively), and the groups N 3­4 continued to receive deficient diet with or without wheat bran until the end of the experiment. After 35 days rats were anesthetized with ether, decapitated, necropsied and the cecum segments were selected for quantitative microbiological analysis of its contents. It has been shown that the addition of wheat bran to vitamin deficient diet lead to the reduction of the manifestation of physical sign of hypovitaminosis. It also eliminated the differences in the integrated index of growth and development of rats in comparison with the group without vitamin deficiency. It was found that the vitamin deficiency in the diet, regardless of the presence or absence of wheat bran, led to a significant reduction of the number of lactobacilli in the intestinal contents, but almost did not affect the number of normal and opportunistic pathogenic enterobacteria. The compensation of deficiency during 5 days lead to the increased number of lactobacilli, but the physiological levels and levels in control animals it reached only in rats received 220% of the vitamins with the addition of wheat bran. In the lactobacilli population in all rats received different doses of vitamins (including reduced to 20%), regardless of the presence of wheat bran, prevailing culturable representatives were 3 kinds of Lactobacillus spp. ­ acidophilus, fermentum, paracasei. These species showed stable presence in the intestine even in conditions of prolonged vitamin deficiency (35 days). L. acidophilus was the dominated lactoflora representative in all rats, its' content was average 91.7% of all culturable lactobacilli. With less constancy and in lower amounts were detected L. plantarum and representatives of coccal flora (Leuconostoc lactis, Lactococcus lactis).

[The clinical economic analysis of application of immune correcting preparations to prevent respiratory infections and their complications in frequently ill children of early school age].

The article presents the results of clinical economic analysis of effect of different immune correcting preparations on rate of respiratory infections in 548 frequently ill children of early school age. It is established that preventive immune correction with lysates of bacteria or glucosaminyl muramyl dipeptide in aggregate with vitamin mineral complex results in statistically significant decreasing of rate of respiratory infections and dramatic decreasing of direct and indirect costs of treatment of infectious diseases of respiratory ways. The preventive application of juice of cone-flower herb or interferon in aggregate with vitamnin mineral complex statistically significantly decreases rate of respiratory infections and negligibly decreases direct and indirect costs of their treatment.

Effect of hygiene and medication on preweaning survival and growth of Djallonké sheep in Atacora, Benin.

Low sheep productivity in North Benin hampers economic development, and improvement can contribute to reduction of rural poverty and food insecurity. To reduce one of the constraints to the productivity of Djallonké sheep, high mortality during suckling in full rainy and start dry season, we tested hygienic measures and medication in improved housing. The effect of the two treatments and their combination on lamb performance and the internal rate of return (IRR) were compared to a control. For each treatment, survival and growth were observed in 20 lambs, living in 38 herds. Good housing and hygiene (daily cleaning and fortnightly disinfection of stable and water and feed troughs) reduced mortality and increased growth of suckling lambs until 3 months. Good housing plus medication (unique injection of vitamins and amino acids and with ivermectine for deworming, weekly tick treatment by spraying, and in case of diarrhea, antibiotic treatment) reduced mortality, but growth was not higher than the control. Accounting labor opportunity, the IRR was about equal for both, but capital investment was lower for the hygiene treatment which is thus more accessible to poor farmers. The combination of both treatments increased growth and benefits compared with the hygiene treatment, but decreased the IRR.

Vitamin D supplementation has no effect on insulin resistance assessment in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and vitamin D deficiency.

Insulin resistance is one of the most common features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Some studies suggest that vitamin D deficiency may have a role in insulin resistance; thus, the aim of the current study was to determine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on insulin resistance in women with PCOS and a vitamin D deficiency. We hypothesized that vitamin D supplementation would lower the glucose level and insulin resistance in women with PCOS and a vitamin D deficiency. The current study was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial with 50 women with PCOS and a vitamin D deficiency, 20 to 40 years old, assigned to receive 3 oral treatments consisting of 50,000 IU of vitamin D3 or a placebo (1 every 20 days) for 2 months (vitamin D, n = 24; placebo, n = 26). The fasting blood glucose, insulin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and parathyroid hormone levels, as well as the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index were measured at baseline and after treatment. In the vitamin D group, the serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D increased (6.9 ± 2.8 to 23.4 ± 6.1 ng/mL, P < .0001), and the parathyroid hormone level decreased (70.02 ± 43.04 to 50.33 ± 21.99 µ IU/mL, P = .02). There were no significant changes in the placebo group. There was a significant increase in insulin secretion in the vitamin D group (P = .01), but this was not significant compared with the placebo group. The fasting serum insulin and glucose levels and the insulin sensitivity and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance did not change significantly by the end of the study. We were not able to demonstrate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance in women with PCOS and vitamin D deficiency.

Socio-demographic predictors and reasons for vitamin and/or mineral food supplement use in a group of outpatients in Skopje.

BACKGROUND: Vitamins and/or mineral food supplements (VMS) are mono- or multi-component products prepared in different pharmaceutical forms and categorized as food supplements. Numerous researchers have investigated the epidemiological predictors of use of VMS in population. Data of this kind in our setting are limited. AIMS: This survey aimed to gain information on the prevalence of use, certain sociodemographic predictors and reasons for VMS use in a group of 256 outpatients in Skopje. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was designed as an open-ended, cross-sectional survey. Data on VMS use were collected by survey method with a specially designed questionnaire as an instrument for this research. Appropriate statistical tests were used to analyse the data. RESULTS: Data from 256 outpatients from Skopje were analysed. Of them, one hundred and five (41.02%) reported using VMS. Female outpatients (p<0.01) and participants of Macedonian ethnicity (p<0.01), with a higher educational level (p<0.01) and those having their own income (p<0.05) reported significantly higher consumption of VMS. We found a statistically significant difference between the group of users and non-users of VMS regarding smoking status (p<0.05), alcohol consumption (p<0.05) and presence of a chronic disease (p<0.01). Physicians, magazines and friends were the most common source of information on VMS while maintaining good health and prevention of disease was the most common reasons for the use of these products. Only 63% of the users had disclosed the information on taking VMS to their physicians. CONCLUSION: This research provided an insight into VMS in our setting. Predictors on the use of VMS are of interest since these products contribute to total intake of vitamins and minerals in the population and they represent a source of valuable information when planning public health activities.

Folic acid is positively associated with uteroplacental vascular resistance: the Generation R study.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Periconception folic acid supplementation may influence early placentation processes and thereby the occurrence of hypertensive pregnancy disorders. For this reason we examined the associations between periconception folic acid supplementation and uteroplacental vascular resistance, blood pressure, and the risks of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia, in 5993 pregnant women, participating in a population-based cohort study. METHODS AND RESULTS: Folic acid supplementation was assessed by questionnaire. Mean pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) of the uterine (UtA) and umbilical arteries (UmA) were measured by Doppler ultrasound in mid- and late pregnancy. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP, DBP) were measured in early, mid- and late pregnancy. Compared to women who did not use folic acid, preconception folic acid users had a slightly lower UtA-RI in mid-pregnancy [ß -0.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.03, -0.01] and late pregnancy [ß -0.02, 95% CI -0.03, -0.001], a lower UtA-PI in mid-pregnancy [ß -0.06, 95% CI -0.1, -0.03] and late pregnancy [ß -0.03, 95% CI -0.05, -0.01], as well as tendencies towards a lower UmA-PI in mid-pregnancy [ß -0.02, 95% CI -0.04, -0.001] and late pregnancy [ß -0.01, 95% CI -0.02, 0.01]. Additionally, these women had slightly higher SBP and DBP throughout pregnancy. Neither the patterns of blood-pressure change during pregnancy, nor the risk of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia differed between the folic acid categories. CONCLUSION: Periconception folic acid supplementation is associated with lower uteroplacental vascular resistance and higher blood pressures during pregnancy. The effects are small and within physiologic ranges and seem not associated with the risk of hypertensive pregnancy disorders.

Effects of multivitamin and mineral supplementation on adiposity, energy expenditure and lipid profiles in obese Chinese women.

BACKGROUND: Obese individuals are more likely to have either lower blood concentrations or lower bioavailability of minerals and/or vitamins. However, there are limited data on the effects of nutritional supplementation on body weight (BW) control, energy homeostasis and lipid metabolism in obese subjects. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of supplementation with multivitamin and multimineral on adiposity, energy expenditure and lipid profiles in obese Chinese women. DESIGN: A total of 96 obese Chinese women (body mass index (BMI) 28 kg m(-2)) aged 18-55 years participated in a 26-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention study. Subjects were randomized into three groups, receiving either one tablet of multivitamin and mineral supplement (MMS), or calcium 162 mg (Calcium) or identical placebo daily during the study period. BW, BMI, waist circumference (WC), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass, resting energy expenditure (REE), respiratory quotient (RQ), blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose and serum insulin, total cholesterol (TC), low- and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C and HDL-C) and triglycerides (TGs) were measured at baseline and 26 weeks. RESULTS: A total of 87 subjects completed the study. After 26 weeks, compared with the placebo group, the MMS group had significantly lower BW, BMI, FM, TC and LDL-C, significantly higher REE and HDL-C, as well as a borderline significant trend of lower RQ (P=0.053) and WC (P=0.071). The calcium group also had significantly higher HDL-C and lower LDL-C levels compared with the placebo group. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that, in obese individuals, multivitamin and mineral supplementation could reduce BW and fatness and improve serum lipid profiles, possibly through increased energy expenditure and fat oxidation. Supplementation of calcium alone (162 mg per day) only improved lipid profiles.

Assessment of the effectiveness of a sublingual, ergogenic spray on muscle strength and power.

Nutrients, chemicals, and drugs may be applied sublingually to provide faster absorption. Sublingual absorption occurs when a substance comes in contact with the buccal mucosa, where it diffuses through a membrane of the dense capillaries. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a sublingual, ergogenic product containing vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and a coenzyme on muscle performance. National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I linemen (n = 23) voluntarily participated in the study. All participants (20.11 +/- 1.45 years, 132.1 +/- 9.85 kg, 191.19 +/- 3.85 cm) were tested on 102.1 kg (225 lb) bench press repetitions, vertical jump, and grip strength. One week later, participants were either a placebo or the experimental treatment before they were tested again. Repeated-measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs) yielded a significant (p = 0.046) gain for the bench press. A Newman-Keuls post hoc test revealed a significant change in the treatment group but not in the placebo group. While the treatment group demonstrated greater improvement over the placebo group for each of the remaining variables, none were significant: vertical jump (p = 0.65) and grip strength (p = 0.74). The inconsistency of the results may be due to several factors. First, the spray may not be an ergogenic agent; second, the standardized dose may be too small for those weighing >or=290 lb and should be administered based on weight. Furthermore, the coenzyme and amino acids may not possess the molecular size, solubility, chemical stability, or hydrophilic character to be easily absorbed. Lastly, the data were generated by field tests and may not be sensitive enough to elicit subtle responses.

Clinical issues regarding cinacalcet hydrochloride in Japan.

Currently available cinacalcet hydrochloride has a greater advantage over conventional vitamin D therapy, although the ability of cinacalcet to suppress parathyroid hormone (PTH) varies among individuals. This article deals with the clinical issues of cinacalcet. Studies examining the impact of cinacalcet on parathyroid gland cells showed that cinacalcet may cause changes in PTH secretion, reduce the parathyroid gland size, and alter parathyroid gland function, suggesting the possibility that use of cinacalcet can eventually be stopped. Combined cinacalcet and vitamin D can reportedly increase vitamin D receptor expression. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized study involving 1184 previously untreated secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) patients, cinacalcet significantly reduced the likelihood of hospitalization for parathyroidectomy, fractures, and cardiovascular disease. Fibrous osteitis was suppressed in the rat model of renal failure treated with cinacalcet. Considering that the drug price of cinacalcet is lower in Japan than in the USA and Europe, it is highly likely that cinacalcet will be used to suppress PTH in Japan.

DNA damage during glycation of lysine by methylglyoxal: assessment of vitamins in preventing damage.

Amino acids react with methylglyoxal to form advanced glycation end products. This reaction is known to produce free radicals. In this study, cleavage to plasmid DNA was induced by the glycation of lysine with methylglyoxal in the presence of iron(III). This system was found to produce superoxide as well as hydroxyl radicals. The abilities of various vitamins to prevent damage to plasmid DNA were evaluated. Pyridoxal-5-phosphate showed maximum protection, while pyridoxamine showed no protection. The protective abilities could be directly correlated to inhibition of production of hydroxyl and superoxide radicals. Pyridoxal-5-phosphate exhibited low radical scavenging ability as evaluated by its TEAC, but showed maximum protection probably by interfering in free radical production. Pyridoxamine did not inhibit free radical production. Thiamine and thiamine pyrophosphate, both showed protective effects albeit to different extents. Tetrahydrofolic acid showed better antioxidant activity than folic acid but was found to damage DNA by itself probably by superoxide generation.

Do dietary antioxidants alleviate the cost of immune activation? An experiment with greenfinches.

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species produced by metabolism and immune defenses can cause extensive damage to biomolecules. To counteract this damage, organisms rely on exogenous and endogenous antioxidants, although their relative importance in maintaining redox balance is unclear. We supplemented captive greenfinches with dietary antioxidants--carotenoids and vitamin E--and injected them with an inflammatory agent, phytohemagglutinin. Compared to controls, immune-challenged birds circulated more lipid peroxidation products but also increased total plasma antioxidativity. Carotenoid (but not vitamin E) supplementation generally reduced lipid peroxidation, but this did not compensate for the effects of immune activation. Levels of an endogenous antioxidant--uric acid--strongly contributed to plasma antioxidativity. We found no evidence that dietary antioxidants are immunostimulatory. These results demonstrate the antioxidant function of carotenoids in birds and show that simultaneous assessment of oxidative stress-driven damage, antioxidant barrier, and individual antioxidants is critical for explaining the potential costs of immune system activation.

Assessment of antioxidative activity of lipid- and water-soluble vitamins in human whole blood. Comparative analysis between a biological test and chemical methods.

Assessment of the antioxidant activity of vitamins and other compounds is of interest in the understanding of their in vivo effects. In this study, we have investigated the activity of several lipid and water-soluble vitamins in human whole blood. Measurements were carried out using a biological test that enables the evaluation of both red blood cells and plasma resistance against free radical activity induced by 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane)hydrochloride (AAPH). Antioxidant activity of vitamins has been determined by using the biological test versus chemical methods (chemiluminescence, DMPD radical). We have observed strong anti-oxidant potentials for vitamins B6 and B9 with biological tests, but not with chemical methods. At 10 microM, the vitamin B9 efficiency in inhibiting radical-induced red blood cell hemolysis was almost three times higher than vitamin C efficiency and two times higher than alpha-tocopherol efficiency. Antioxidant activity was not observed for vitamins B1 or B2, nor for retinol. The weak activity of beta-carotene still remains to be investigated particularly in relation to oxygen pressure. Our study demonstrated that the biological test is more useful than the chemical methods employed in this instance, for the evaluation of antioxidant capacity of lipophilic and putatively biologically active compounds.

[Experimental and clinical assessment of antioxidant efficacy of multicomponent antioxidant medication]. / Eksperimental'naia i klinicheskaia otsenka antiokislitel'noi éffektivnosti mnogokomponentnogo antioksidantnogo preparata.

AIM: To study an antioxidant action of antioxidant vitamins (vitamins C, E and provitamin A) in vitro and in vivo. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was made of kinetic parameters of copper-initiated free radical oxidation (FRO) of low density lipoproteins (HDLP) in human blood plasm, antioxidant potential of rat liver and myocardium, the level of FRO products in HDLP and activity of glutathione peroxidase in erythrocytes of 31 males aged 40-64 years with coronary heart disease (CHD). RESULTS: An antioxidant action of the combinations alpha-tocopherol+ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol+beta-carotin was much more potent than that of each of the component alone. The whole complex of the antioxidants completely suppressed FRO of HDLP in the model system. Feeding rats for 30 days with a complex of antioxidant vitamins and selenium produced a sharp enhancement of the antioxidant potential of the liver and a complete suppression of free radical processes in the myocardium. If this complex was given to CHD patients for 2 months, it sharply reduced the amount of FRO primary and secondary products in blood plasm LDLP in growing activity of erythrocytic selenium-containing glutathione peroxidase. CONCLUSION: The scheme is proposed for objective experimental assessment of antioxidant efficacy of multicomponent antioxidant medication in laboratory and clinical trials.