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1.
Univ. salud ; 26(2): D16-D27, mayo-agosto 2024. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1553971

RESUMO

Introducción: La pandemia por COVID-19 ha afectado significativamente la calidad de los servicios de cuidado de la salud. Objetivo: Analizar los efectos en los atributos de la calidad en salud de los servicios de atención de enfermedades diferentes a la COVID-19 en Colombia, durante el periodo 2020-2022. Materiales y métodos: Se analizaron 24 artículos de alcance nacional y otros específicos de departamentos como Antioquia, Córdoba, Santander y Cundinamarca. Resultados: La pandemia por COVID-19 impactó la calidad de los servicios en la atención de enfermedades como cáncer, accidentes cerebrovasculares y de eventos como la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo. Conclusión: La calidad de la salud se vio afectada en todas sus dimensiones durante las fases de la pandemia, especialmente en la población con enfermedades crónicas y relacionadas con la salud infantil y materna. Además, se destacaron respuestas como el uso de la telemedicina y de la atención domiciliaria para contribuir a la calidad de la salud en Colombia.


Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the quality of health care services. Objective: To analyze the effects of COVID-19 on the quality of health care services focused on treating diseases other than COVID-19 in Colombia during the 2020-2022 period. Materials and methods: 24 articles were analyzed, which included some studies focused on national issues and others specific to the departments of Antioquia, Cordoba, Santander, and Cundinamarca. Results: The COVID-19 pandemic affected the quality of health services caring for diseases such as cancer, strokes, and critical circumstances like voluntary termination of pregnancy. Conclusion: All dimensions of health care were affected during the pandemic, especially impacting populations with chronic diseases and diseases related to child and maternal health. It is important to highlight that telemedicine and home care contributed to improving the quality of health in Colombia.


Introdução: A pandemia de COVID-19 afetou significativamente a qualidade dos serviços de saúde. Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos da COVID-19 nos atributos de qualidade em saúde dos serviços de atenção a outras doenças além da COVID-19 na Colômbia, durante o período 2020-2022. Materiais e métodos: foram analisados 24 artigos de âmbito nacional e outros específicos de departamentos como Antioquia, Córdoba, Santander e Cundinamarca. Resultados: A pandemia da COVID-19 impactou a qualidade dos serviços no cuidado de doenças como câncer, acidente vascular cerebral e eventos como a interrupção voluntária da gravidez. Conclusão: A qualidade da saúde foi afetada em todas as suas dimensões durante as fases da pandemia, especialmente na população com doenças crônicas e doenças relacionadas à saúde infantil e materna. Além disso, foram destacadas respostas como o uso da telemedicina e do atendimento domiciliar para contribuir para a qualidade da saúde na Colômbia.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Atenção à Saúde , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde
2.
Longit Life Course Stud ; 15(3): 322-347, 2024 May 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38954411

RESUMO

Spain is one of the eight EU-27 countries that failed to reduce early school leaving (ESL) below 10% in 2020, and now faces the challenge of achieving a rate below 9% by 2030. The determinants of this phenomenon are usually studied using cross-sectional data at the micro level and without differentiation by gender. In this study, we analyse it for the first time for Spain using panel data (between 2002 and 2020), taking into account the high regional inequalities at the macroeconomic level and the masculinisation of the phenomenon. The results show a positive relationship between ESL and socio-economic variables such as the adolescent fertility rate, immigration, unemployment or the weight of the industrial and construction sectors in the regional economy, with significant gender differences that invite us to discuss educational policies. Surprisingly, youth unemployment has only small but significant impact on female ESL.


Assuntos
Fatores Socioeconômicos , Humanos , Espanha , Feminino , Masculino , Adolescente , Estudos Longitudinais , Fatores Sexuais , Desemprego , Estudos Transversais , Instituições Acadêmicas , Evasão Escolar/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto Jovem
3.
Longit Life Course Stud ; 15(3): 286-321, 2024 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38954421

RESUMO

In the United Kingdom, the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 led to two extended periods of school closures. Research on inequality of learning opportunity as a result of these closures used a single indicator of socio-economic status, neglecting important determinants of remote learning. Using data from the Understanding Society (USoc) COVID-19 surveys we analysed the levels and differentials in the uptake of remote schoolwork using parental social class, information technology (IT) availability in the home and parental working patterns to capture the distinct resources that families needed to complete remote schoolwork. This is also the first study to assess the extent to which the differentials between socio-economic groups changed between the first and second school-closure periods caused by the pandemic. We found that each of the three factors showed an independent association with the volume of remote schoolwork and that their effect was magnified by their combination. Children in families where the main parent was in an upper-class occupation, where both parents worked from home and where the children had their own IT spent more time doing remote schoolwork than other groups, particularly compared to children of single parents who work from home, children in families where the main parent was in a working-class occupation, where the child had to share IT, and where the parents did not work regularly from home. The differentials between socio-economic groups in the uptake of schoolwork were found to be stable between the two school-closure periods.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Instituições Acadêmicas , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Reino Unido/epidemiologia , Criança , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , SARS-CoV-2 , Pais , Classe Social , Educação a Distância , Inquéritos e Questionários , Pandemias , Teletrabalho
4.
AAPS J ; 26(4): 75, 2024 Jul 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38955903

RESUMO

Blood microsampling has increasingly attracted interest in the past decades as a more patient-centric sampling approach, offering the possibility to collect a minimal volume of blood following a finger or arm prick at home. In addition to conventional dried blood spots (DBS), many different devices allowing self-sampling of blood have become available. Obviously, the success of home-sampling can only be assured when (inexperienced) users collect samples of good quality. Therefore, the feasibility of six different microsampling devices to collect capillary blood by inexperienced adolescents at home was evaluated. Participants (n = 95) were randomly assigned to collect blood (dried or liquid) at different time points using four of six different self-sampling devices (i.e., DBS, Mitra volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS), Capitainer B, Tasso M20, Minicollect tube and Tasso+ serum separator tube (SST)). The quality of the samples was visually inspected and analytically determined. Moreover, the participants' satisfaction was assessed via questionnaires. Although a majority succeeded based on the visual inspection, the success rate differed largely between the different devices. In general, the lowest success rate was obtained for the Minicollect tubes, although there is an opportunity and need for improvement for the other self-sampling devices as well. Hence, this also emphasizes the importance to assess the quality of samples collected by the target population prior to study initiation. In addition, visual classification by a trained individual was confirmed based on assessment of the analytical variability between replicates. Finally, self-sampling at home was overall (very) positively received by the participants.


Assuntos
Coleta de Amostras Sanguíneas , Estudos de Viabilidade , Humanos , Adolescente , Feminino , Masculino , Coleta de Amostras Sanguíneas/métodos , Autocuidado/métodos , Teste em Amostras de Sangue Seco/métodos , Satisfação do Paciente
5.
Turkiye Parazitol Derg ; 48(2): 89-95, 2024 Jun 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38958403

RESUMO

Objective: This research aims to update knowledge on the regional and national sickness burden attributable to cystic echinococcosis (CE) from 1990 to 2019, as well as epidemiology and disease control, with a particular emphasis on the People's Central Asian Regions. Methods: We calculated the morbidity, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years at the global, regional, and national levels for CE in all central Asian countries from 1990 to 2019, and we analyzed the association between GDP per capita and the disease burden of CE. Results: In 2019, the three greatest numbers of CE cases were recorded in Kazakhstan [23986; 95% uncertainty interval (UI); 19796; 28908]; Uzbekistan (41079; 18351; 76048); and Tajikistan (10887; 4891; 20170) among all 9 countries. The three countries with the greatest ASIR of CE were estimated to be Kazakhstan (127.56; 95% UI: 105.34-153.8), Uzbekistan (123.53; 95% UI: 58.65-219.16), and Tajikistan (121.88; 58.57-213.93). Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan had the biggest increases (125%, 97%, and 83%, respectively) in the number of incident cases of CE, whereas Georgia, Kazakhstan, and Armenia saw the largest decreases (45%, 8%, and 3%, respectively). Conclusion: To reduce the illness burden caused by CE, our findings may help public health professionals and policymakers design cost-benefit initiatives. To lessen the impact of CE on society, it is suggested that more money be given to the region's most endemic nations. Echinococcosis, cystic, negative health effects, life-years lost due to disability, rate of occurrence as a function of age, rate of death as a function of age.


Assuntos
Equinococose , Humanos , Equinococose/epidemiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Anos de Vida Ajustados por Deficiência , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Ásia Central/epidemiologia , Idoso , Criança , Uzbequistão/epidemiologia
6.
Oncol Nurs Forum ; 51(4): E4-E24, 2024 Jun 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38950088

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To identify subgroups of patients with distinct cough occurrence profiles and evaluate for differences among these subgroups. SAMPLE & SETTING: Outpatients receiving chemotherapy (N = 1,338) completed questionnaires six times over two chemotherapy cycles. METHODS & VARIABLES: Occurrence of cough was assessed using the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale. Latent class analysis was used to identify subgroups with distinct cough occurrence profiles. Parametric and nonparametric tests were used to evaluate for differences. RESULTS: Four distinct cough profiles were identified (None, Decreasing, Increasing, and High). Risk factors associated with membership in the High class included lower annual household income; history of smoking; self-reported diagnoses of lung disease, heart disease, and back pain; and having lung cancer. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Clinicians need to assess all patients with cancer for cough and provide targeted interventions.


Assuntos
Comorbidade , Tosse , Neoplasias , Fumar , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Fumar/epidemiologia , Adulto , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Inquéritos e Questionários , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Fatores de Risco , Renda/estatística & dados numéricos , Cardiopatias/induzido quimicamente , Cardiopatias/epidemiologia , Pneumopatias/epidemiologia , Pneumopatias/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Carga de Sintomas
7.
Health Aff (Millwood) ; 43(7): 970-978, 2024 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38950291

RESUMO

Although emergency department (ED) and hospital overcrowding were reported during the later parts of the COVID-19 pandemic, the true extent and potential causes of this overcrowding remain unclear. Using data on the traditional fee-for-service Medicare population, we examined patterns in ED and hospital use during the period 2019-22. We evaluated trends in ED visits, rates of admission from the ED, and thirty-day mortality, as well as measures suggestive of hospital capacity, including hospital Medicare census, length-of-stay, and discharge destination. We found that ED visits remained below baseline throughout the study period, with the standardized number of visits at the end of the study period being approximately 25 percent lower than baseline. Longer length-of-stay persisted through 2022, whereas hospital census was considerably above baseline until stabilizing just above baseline in 2022. Rates of discharge to postacute facilities initially declined and then leveled off at 2 percent below baseline in 2022. These results suggest that widespread reports of overcrowding were not driven by a resurgence in ED visits. Nonetheless, length-of-stay remains higher, presumably related to increased acuity and reduced available bed capacity in the postacute care system.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Tempo de Internação , Medicare , Estados Unidos , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/tendências , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Medicare/estatística & dados numéricos , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Tempo de Internação/tendências , Idoso , Feminino , Pandemias , Masculino , Alta do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Alta do Paciente/tendências , SARS-CoV-2 , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitalização/tendências , Número de Leitos em Hospital/estatística & dados numéricos , Planos de Pagamento por Serviço Prestado/tendências , Aglomeração , Visitas ao Pronto Socorro
8.
Health Aff (Millwood) ; 43(7): 1021-1031, 2024 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38950294

RESUMO

Health care payment reforms in the US have aimed to encourage the use of high-value care while discouraging the use of low-value care. However, little is known about whether the use of high- and low-value care differs by income level. Using data from the 2010-19 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, we examined the use of specified types of high- and low-value care by income level. We found that high-income adults were significantly more likely than low-income adults to use nearly all types of high-value care. Findings were consistent across age categories, although differences by income level in the use of high-value care were smaller among the elderly. Our analysis of differences in the use of low-value care had mixed results. Among nonelderly adults, significant differences between those with high and low incomes were found for five of nine low-value services, and among elderly adults, significant differences by income level were found for three of twelve low-value services. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these disparities is crucial to developing effective policies and interventions to ensure equitable access to high-value care and discourage low-value services for all patients, regardless of income.


Assuntos
Renda , Humanos , Estados Unidos , Adulto , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Idoso , Gastos em Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto Jovem , Adolescente
9.
Health Aff (Millwood) ; 43(7): 979-984, 2024 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38950301

RESUMO

The COVID-19 Uninsured Program, administered by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), reimbursed providers for administering COVID-19 vaccines to uninsured US adults from December 11, 2020, through April 5, 2022. Using HRSA claims data covering forty-two states, we estimated that the program funded about 38.9 million COVID-19 vaccine doses, accounting for 5.7 percent of total doses distributed and 10.9 percent of doses administered to adults ages 19-64.


Assuntos
Vacinas contra COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Pessoas sem Cobertura de Seguro de Saúde , Humanos , Pessoas sem Cobertura de Seguro de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Estados Unidos , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Adulto , Vacinas contra COVID-19/provisão & distribuição , Vacinas contra COVID-19/economia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Masculino , United States Health Resources and Services Administration , Adulto Jovem , SARS-CoV-2 , Programas de Imunização/economia
10.
Health Aff (Millwood) ; 43(7): 942-949, 2024 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38950298

RESUMO

There is widespread agreement that taxpayers pay more when Medicare beneficiaries are enrolled in Medicare Advantage (MA) plans than if those beneficiaries were enrolled in traditional Medicare. MA plans are paid on the basis of submitted diagnoses and thus have a clear incentive to encourage providers to find and report as many diagnoses for their enrollees as possible. Two mechanisms that MA plans use to identify diagnoses that are not available for beneficiaries in traditional Medicare are in-home health risk assessments and chart reviews. Using MA encounter data for 2015-20, I isolated the impact of these two types of encounters on the risk scores used for payments to MA plans during 2016-21. I found that encounter-based risk scores for MA enrollees were higher by 0.091 points, or 7.4 percent, in 2021 when in-home health risk assessments and chart reviews were included than they would have been without the use of these tools.


Assuntos
Medicare Part C , Humanos , Estados Unidos , Medição de Risco , Idoso , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Codificação Clínica , Serviços de Assistência Domiciliar/economia
11.
Health Aff (Millwood) ; 43(7): 1032-1037, 2024 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38950299

RESUMO

As people lose Medicaid because of the end of the COVID-19 public health emergency, many states will route former Medicaid managed care enrollees into Affordable Care Act Marketplace coverage with the same carrier. In 2021, 52.1 percent of Medicaid managed care enrollees were enrolled by a carrier that also had a plan on the Marketplace in the same county.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Trocas de Seguro de Saúde , Programas de Assistência Gerenciada , Medicaid , Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act , Medicaid/estatística & dados numéricos , Estados Unidos , Humanos , Trocas de Seguro de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Cobertura do Seguro/estatística & dados numéricos , SARS-CoV-2 , Seguradoras/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Feminino
12.
Neurosurg Focus ; 57(1): E11, 2024 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38950440

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Concussions can occur at any level of ice hockey. Incidence estimates of concussions in ice hockey vary, and optimal prevention strategies and return-to-play (RTP) considerations have remained in evolution. The authors performed a mixed-methods study with the aim of elucidating the landscape of concussion in ice hockey and catalyzing initiatives to standardize preventative mechanisms and RTP considerations. METHODS: The authors performed a five-part mixed-methods study that includes: 1) an analysis of the impact of concussions on games missed and income for National Hockey League (NHL) players using a publicly available database, 2) a systematic review of the incidence of concussion in ice hockey, 3) a systematic review of preventative strategies, 4) a systematic review of RTP, and 5) a policy review of documents from major governing bodies related to concussions in sports with a focus on ice hockey. The PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases were used for the systematic reviews and focused on any level of hockey. RESULTS: In the NHL, 689 players had 1054 concussions from the 2000-2001 to 2022-2023 seasons. A concussion led to a mean of 13.77 ± 19.23 (range 1-82) games missed during the same season. After cap hit per game data became available in 2008-2009, players missed 10,024 games due to 668 concussions (mean 15.13 ± 3.81 per concussion, range 8.81-22.60 per concussion), with a cap hit per game missed of $35,880.85 ± $25,010.48 (range $5792.68-$134,146.30). The total cap hit of all missed games was $385,960,790.00, equating to $577,635.91 per concussion and $25,724,052.70 per NHL season. On systematic review, the incidence of concussions was 0.54-1.18 per 1000 athlete-exposures. Prevention mechanisms involved education, behavioral and cognitive interventions, protective equipment, biomechanical studies, and policy/rule changes. Rules prohibiting body checking in youth players were most effective. Determination of RTP was variable. Concussion protocols from both North American governing bodies and two leagues mandated that a player suspected of having a concussion be removed from play and undergo a six-step RTP strategy. The 6th International Conference on Concussion in Sport recommended the use of mouthguards for children and adolescents and disallowing body checking for all children and most levels of adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: Concussions in ice hockey lead to substantial missed time from play. The authors strongly encourage all hockey leagues to adopt and adhere to age-appropriate rules to limit hits to the head, increase compliance in wearing protective equipment, and utilize high-quality concussion protocols.


Assuntos
Traumatismos em Atletas , Concussão Encefálica , Hóquei , Hóquei/lesões , Humanos , Concussão Encefálica/epidemiologia , Concussão Encefálica/prevenção & controle , Traumatismos em Atletas/epidemiologia , Incidência , Volta ao Esporte , Masculino
14.
J Foot Ankle Res ; 17(3): e12038, 2024 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38951736

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Foot complications in diabetes are common and destructive, resulting in substantial healthcare costs and high rates of morbidity. Coastal areas have a significantly higher burden of disease. People with diabetes experience disproportionately high rates of psychological health issues, including anxiety, depression and diabetes distress. These can affect self-management and concordance with preventive measures and treatments of foot complications, negatively impacting on outcomes. Access to psychological health services is variable across the United Kingdom and there is a paucity of high-quality evidence for the effectiveness of treatments for diabetes distress. This study aimed to explore experiences of psychosocial burden and perceptions and experiences of psychosocial support, among patients with diabetes and foot complications living in a coastal area. METHODS: Patients were eligible to participate if they had experienced diabetes-related foot complications (amputation, ulceration and/or Charcot neuroarthropathy) within the last 5 years and scored positive for diabetes distress on a validated screening tool (DDS2). Eligible patients completed cross-sectional questionnaires describing symptoms of diabetes distress (DDS17), anxiety (GAD-7) and depression (PHQ-9) and to take part in a face-to-face, semi-structured interview. Questionnaires were analysed using frequencies and interviews were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS: A total of 183 patients completed the DDS2 screening questionnaire. Of these, 56 (30.6%) screened positive for diabetes distress. Twenty-seven patients completed DDS17, GAD-7 and PHQ-9 questionnaires. Eleven (40.7%) participants indicated high levels of diabetes distress and four (14.8%) indicated moderate distress. Seventeen participants (age range 52-81 years; 12 men) took part in an interview. Four key themes were identified: impact of living with foot problems; emotional consequences of foot problems; experiences and perceptions of psychological support; and strategies to cope with the emotional impact of foot problems. CONCLUSION: Diabetes distress was prevalent among patients with diabetes-related foot complications. Foot problems impacted on participants' daily activities, social lives and ability to work. Despite expressing feelings of ongoing fear, worry and depression relating to their foot problems, only one participant had accessed formal psychological support. Many participants relied on talking to podiatrists at routine appointments and described developing various strategies to cope. The psychosocial burden of living with foot complications in diabetes must not be overlooked by health professionals. Findings from this study can inform the design of future services and interventions.


Assuntos
Ansiedade , Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Depressão , Pé Diabético , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pé Diabético/psicologia , Idoso , Reino Unido/epidemiologia , Ansiedade/etiologia , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Ansiedade/psicologia , Depressão/etiologia , Depressão/psicologia , Depressão/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais
15.
Age Ageing ; 53(7)2024 Jul 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38952187

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Multifactorial falls risk assessment and multidomain interventions are recommended by the World guidelines for falls prevention and management. To successfully implement these interventions, it is important to understand determinants influencing the implementation. METHODS: A literature search was conducted for this systematic review on the 3 December 2021 and updated on the 3 April 2023 in five databases: PubMed (including MEDLINE), EMBASE (via Embase.com), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (via Cochrane Library), Web of Science Core Collection and CINAHL (via EBSCO). Studies were included if they reported on determinants influencing the implementation of a multifactorial falls risk assessment and/or multidomain interventions in community-dwelling older people. Editorials, opinion papers, systematic reviews and studies focusing on one population (e.g. Parkinson) were excluded. Two researchers independently screened the articles on title, abstract and full text. The quality was evaluated based on a sensitivity analysis. 'The Comprehensive Integrated Checklist of Determinants of practice' was used to categorise the determinants. RESULTS: Twenty-nine studies were included. Determinants were classified as barriers (n = 40) and facilitators (n = 35). The availability of necessary resources is the most reported determinant. Other commonly reported determinants are knowledge, intention/beliefs and motivation at the levels of older people and healthcare professionals, fitting of the intervention into current practice, communication, team and referral processes and financial (dis)incentives. CONCLUSIONS: Mapping of the barriers and facilitators is essential to choose implementation strategies tailored to the context, and to enhance the uptake and effectiveness of a multifactorial falls risk assessment and/or multidomain interventions.


Assuntos
Acidentes por Quedas , Vida Independente , Humanos , Acidentes por Quedas/prevenção & controle , Medição de Risco , Idoso , Fatores de Risco , Avaliação Geriátrica/métodos , Feminino , Masculino , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais
16.
Clin Transplant ; 38(7): e15377, 2024 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38952192

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The decision to become a living donor requires consideration of a complex, interactive array of factors that could be targeted for clinical, policy, and educational interventions. Our objective was to assess how financial barriers interact with motivators, other barriers, and facilitators during this process. METHODS: Data were obtained from a public survey assessing motivators, barriers, and facilitators of living donation. We used multivariable logistic regression and consensus k-means clustering to assess interactions between financial concerns and other considerations in the decision-making process. RESULTS: Among 1592 respondents, the average age was 43; 74% were female and 14% and 6% identified as Hispanic and Black, respectively. Among employed respondents (72%), 40% indicated that they would not be able to donate without lost wage reimbursement. Stronger agreement with worries about expenses and dependent care challenges was associated with not being able to donate without lost wage reimbursement (OR = 1.2, 95% CI = 1.0-1.3; OR = 1.2, 95% CI = 1.1-1.3, respectively). Four respondent clusters were identified. Cluster 1 had strong motivators and facilitators with minimal barriers. Cluster 2 had barriers related to health concerns, nervousness, and dependent care. Clusters 3 and 4 had financial barriers. Cluster 3 also had anxiety related to surgery and dependent care. CONCLUSIONS: Financial barriers interact primarily with health and dependent care concerns when considering living organ donation. Targeted interventions to reduce financial barriers and improve provider communication regarding donation-related risks are needed.


Assuntos
Tomada de Decisões , Doadores Vivos , Motivação , Obtenção de Tecidos e Órgãos , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto , Doadores Vivos/psicologia , Obtenção de Tecidos e Órgãos/economia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos e Questionários , Prognóstico , Seguimentos
17.
J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care ; 35(2): 78-90, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38949905

RESUMO

ABSTRACT: The COVID-19 pandemic drastically affected health care delivery for vulnerable populations. Many facilities shifted services to telemedicine, and people with HIV or at risk of acquiring HIV experienced interruptions in care. Simultaneously, traditional training approaches to help providers adapt were disrupted. Using a mixed method approach to examine changes over time, we integrated data on trainee needs collected by the Mountain West AIDS Education and Training Center (AETC): a 10-state needs assessment survey in 2020; feedback from a 2020 community of practice; aggregate training data from 2000 to 2022; and a second survey in 2022. HIV care providers' training needs evolved from wanting support on telemedicine and COVID-19 patient care issues, to a later focus on mental health and substance use, social determinants of health, and care coordination. This integrative analysis demonstrates the vital role that AETCs can play in addressing evolving and emergent public health challenges for the HIV workforce.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Infecções por HIV , Pessoal de Saúde , Avaliação das Necessidades , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Pessoal de Saúde/educação , Telemedicina , Mão de Obra em Saúde , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Pandemias , Atenção à Saúde/organização & administração , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Inquéritos e Questionários , Feminino , Masculino
18.
PLoS One ; 19(7): e0300193, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38949999

RESUMO

The NHS 111 service triages over 16,650,745 calls per year and approximately 48% of callers are triaged to a primary care disposition, such as a telephone appointment with a general practitioner (GP). However, there has been little assessment of the ability of primary care services to meet this demand. If a timely service cannot be provided to patients, it could result in patients calling 999 or attending emergency departments (ED) instead. This study aimed to explore the patient journey for callers who were triaged to a primary care disposition, and the ability of primary care services to meet this demand. We obtained routine, retrospective data from the Connected Yorkshire research database, and identified all 111 calls between the 1st January 2021 and 31st December 2021 for callers registered with a GP in the Bradford or Airedale region of West Yorkshire, who were triaged to a primary care disposition. Subsequent healthcare system access (111, 999, primary and secondary care) in the 72 hours following the index 111 call was identified, and a descriptive analysis of the healthcare trajectory of patients was undertaken. There were 56,102 index 111 calls, and a primary care service was the first interaction in 26,690/56,102 (47.6%) of cases, with 15,470/26,690 (58%) commenced within the specified triage time frame. Calls to 999 were higher in the cohort who had no prior contact with primary care (58% vs 42%) as were ED attendances (58.2% vs 41.8), although the proportion of avoidable ED attendances was similar (10.5% vs 11.8%). Less than half of 111 callers triaged to a primary care disposition make contact with a primary care service, and even when they do, call triage time frames are frequently not met, suggesting that current primary care provision cannot meet the demand from 111.


Assuntos
Atenção Primária à Saúde , Triagem , Humanos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Triagem/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Idoso , Medicina Estatal , Adolescente , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto Jovem , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Criança , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos
19.
PLoS One ; 19(7): e0306280, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38950031

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In the Republic of Ireland, the COVID-19 crisis led to sexual health service closures while clinical staff were redeployed to the pandemic response. Gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM) face pre-existing sexual health inequalities which may have been exacerbated. The aim of this study is to understand sexual health service accessibility for gbMSM in Ireland during the COVID-19 crisis. METHODS: EMERGE recruited 980 gbMSM in Ireland (June-July 2021) to an anonymous online survey investigating well-being and service access through geo-location sexual networking apps (Grindr/Growlr), social media (Facebook/Instagram/Twitter) and collaborators. We fit multiple regression models reporting odds ratios (ORs) to understand how demographic and behavioural characteristics (age, sexual orientation, HIV testing history/status, region of residence, region of birth and education) were associated with ability to access services. RESULTS: Of the respondents, 410 gbMSM accessed sexual health services with some or no difficulty and 176 attempted but were unable to access services during the COVID-19 crisis. A further 382 gbMSM did not attempt to access services and were excluded from this sample and analysis. Baseline: mean age 35.4 years, 88% gay, 83% previously tested for HIV, 69% Dublin-based, 71% born in Ireland and 74% with high level of education. In multiple regression, gbMSM aged 56+ years (aOR = 0.38, 95%CI:0.16, 0.88), not previously tested for HIV (aOR = 0.46, 95%CI:0.23, 0.93) and with medium and low education (aOR = 0.55 95%CI:0.35, 0.85) had lowest odds of successfully accessing services. GbMSM with HIV were most likely to be able to access services successfully (aOR = 2.68 95%CI:1.83, 6.08). Most disrupted services were: STI testing, HIV testing and PrEP. CONCLUSIONS: Service access difficulties were found to largely map onto pre-existing sexual health inequalities for gbMSM. Future service development efforts should prioritise (re)engaging older gbMSM, those who have not previously tested for HIV and those without high levels of education.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Homossexualidade Masculina , Saúde Sexual , Humanos , Masculino , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Irlanda/epidemiologia , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Homossexualidade Masculina/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem , Minorias Sexuais e de Gênero/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , SARS-CoV-2/isolamento & purificação , Pandemias , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Idoso , Bissexualidade/estatística & dados numéricos
20.
Front Public Health ; 12: 1337829, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38952730

RESUMO

Introduction: In China, the rapid progression of population aging presents significant challenges to society and the economy, drawing widespread attention to the health conditions of older adults. While aging is often seen as a societal burden, the phenomenon of intergenerational economic support reveals the potential for older adults to continue playing an active role within their families. This study delves into how older parents' financial support to their children can reciprocally influence their own health, exploring the potential non-linear relationships involved. Methods: This research, utilizing data from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, employs instrumental variable techniques and cross-sectional threshold models to examine how financial support provided by older adults to their children affects their health. It particularly highlights the varied impacts of economic support on older adults' health at different levels of support. Results: The findings indicate that moderate intergenerational economic support significantly enhances the health of older adults, while either minimal or excessive financial support does not demonstrate the same positive effect. Additionally, subjective life expectancy plays a mediating role between intergenerational economic support and the health of older adults, further emphasizing the beneficial impact of economic support. Discussion: The study underscores the importance of moderate intergenerational economic support in improving the health of older adults amidst aging challenges. Future policies and practices should consider how to encourage and optimize such support to address the challenges of an aging society, enhance the welfare of older adults, and promote healthy aging.


Assuntos
Relação entre Gerações , Humanos , China , Idoso , Estudos Longitudinais , Feminino , Masculino , Estudos Transversais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Envelhecimento , Nível de Saúde , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Apoio Financeiro
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