Assessing the asymmetric impact of physical infrastructure and trade openness on ecological footprint: An empirical evidence from Pakistan.
PLoS One
; 17(5): e0262782, 2022.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-35580086
ABSTRACT
This study analyzed the asymmetric impact of the physical infrastructure and trade openness on Pakistan's ecological footprint over the period 1970-2019 using the non-linear autoregressive distributed lag model. The study results posit that positive and negative shocks to physical infrastructure increase and decrease the ecological footprint asymmetrically in the short-run and symmetrically in the long-run. Likewise, the positive and negative shocks to trade openness increase and decrease the ecological footprint asymmetrically, both in the short and in the long run. Furthermore, urbanization also positively and significantly increases Pakistan's ecological footprint in the short and long run. Moreover, a 1% increase in physical infrastructure increases the ecological footprint by 0.32%, while a 1% decrease in physical infrastructure decreases the ecological footprint by 0.33% in the long run. Similarly, a 1% increase in trade openness causes a 0.09% increase in the ecological footprint in the long term, while a 1% reduction in trade openness causes a 0.61% reduction in the ecological footprint. The results also conclude that urbanization is a major determinant of Pakistan's long-term ecological footprint. Thus, a 1% increase in urbanization causes a 1.31% increase in the ecological footprint in the long run. Finally, this study recommends that policies regarding physical infrastructure be formulated keeping in view its environmental impact. In addition, strict environmental policies should be implemented to reduce the environmental degradation effect of trade openness.
Texto completo:
1
Temas:
ECOS
/
Aspectos_gerais
/
Estado_mercado_regulacao
Bases de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Dióxido de Carbono
/
Desenvolvimento Econômico
Aspecto:
Determinantes_sociais_saude
País/Região como assunto:
Asia
Idioma:
En
Revista:
PLoS One
Assunto da revista:
CIENCIA
/
MEDICINA
Ano de publicação:
2022
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Paquistão