Back pain is one of the most frequent presenting symptoms in healthcare institutions. Neurosurgeryplays a major role on diagnosis and treatment of back pain that often results in surgical interventions that ineludes lumbar interbody fusión among other therapeutic alternatives. Nevertheless, functionality and expected quality of Iife indexes do not always demónstrate full improvement despite adequate medical and surgical treatment. Therefore, the authors made a non-systematic literaturereview in order to assess the most important elements involved on diagnostic assessments that inelude lumbosacral anatomy, spinepathological processes that result in back pain, indications for lumbar interbody fusión and finally, the relevant part that spinopelvic balance parametersplays for adequate planning for surgerytreatment. This non-systematic literaturereview aims to establish the most contributing assessment spinopelvic factors prior surgery in order to improve selection of patients that undergo surgical treatment and therefore, improve their functionality and quality of Iife indexes.